Muhammad — Verse 28

That taking of them away in the state mentioned is because they followed what angers God and because they were averse to what pleases Him that is to say they were averse to doing what pleases Him. Therefore He has made their works fail.

The Command to reflect upon the Qur'an Commanding the people to reflect and ponder upon the Qur'an, and prohibiting them from turning away from it, Allah says, أَفَلاَ يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْءَانَ أَمْ عَلَى قُلُوبٍ أَقْفَالُهَآ (Will they not then reflect upon the Qur'an, or are there locks upon their hearts) means, there indeed are locks upon some hearts, firmly closing them so that none of its meanings can reach them. Ibn Jarir recorded from Hisham bin `Urwah, from his father, may Allah be pleased with him, that Allah's Messenger ﷺ once recited this Ayah, أَفَلاَ يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْءَانَ أَمْ عَلَى قُلُوبٍ أَقْفَالُهَآ (Will they not then reflect upon the Qur'an, or are there locks upon their hearts) and a young man from Yemen said, "Indeed, there are locks upon them -- until Allah opens them totally or slightly." After that `Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, always liked that young man, and kept that to himself until he became in charge, upon which he utilized him (as a consultant). Condemning Apostasy Allah then says, إِنَّ الَّذِينَ ارْتَدُّواْ عَلَى أَدْبَـرِهِمْ (Verily, those who have turned back) meaning, they departed from the faith and returned to disbelief. مِّن بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْهُدَى الشَّيْطَـنُ سَوَّلَ لَهُمْ (... after guidance had become clear to them -- Shaytan has enticed them) meaning he adorned and beautified that (apostasy) for them. وَأَمْلَى لَهُمْ (and filled them with false hopes.) meaning, he tempted them, and deceived them. ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُواْ لِلَّذِينَ كَرِهُواْ مَا نَزَّلَ اللَّهُ سَنُطِيعُكُمْ فِى بَعْضِ الاٌّمْرِ (That is because they said to those who hate what Allah sent down: "We will obey your in part of the matter.") means, they plotted secretly with them and gave them evil advice -- as is the common practice of the hypocrites who declare the opposite of what they conceal. Because of this, Allah says, وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِسْرَارَهُمْ (And Allah knows their secrets. ) whatever they hide and conceal, Allah is well-acquainted with it and He knows it. This is similar to His saying, وَاللَّهُ يَكْتُبُ مَا يُبَيِّتُونَ (...And Allah records all that they plot by night.) (4:81) Allah then says, فَكَيْفَ إِذَا تَوَفَّتْهُمُ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَـرَهُمْ (How (will it be) when the angels will take their souls at death, striking their faces and their backs) That is, how their situation will be when the angels come to take their lives, and their souls cling to their bodies, causing the angels to extract them by force, harshness, and beating. This is similar to Allah's saying, وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ يَتَوَفَّى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَـرَهُمْ (If you could but see when the angels take away the lives of the disbelievers, striking their faces and their backs.) (8:50) And His saying, وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذِ الظَّـلِمُونَ فِى غَمَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ وَالْمَلَـئِكَةُ بَاسِطُواْ أَيْدِيهِمْ (If you could but see when the wrongdoers are in the agonies of death, while the angels extend their hands) (6:93). meaning, to beat them. أَخْرِجُواْ أَنفُسَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ غَيْرَ الْحَقِّ وَكُنتُمْ عَنْ ءَايَـتِهِ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ ((saying): "Deliver your souls! This day you will be recompensed with the torment of degradation because of what you used to utter against Allah other than the truth, and because you used to arrogantly reject His signs.") (6:93) Because of the above, Allah says, ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اتَّبَعُواْ مَآ أَسْخَطَ اللَّهَ وَكَرِهُواْ رِضْوَانَهُ فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ (That is because they pursued what angered Allah and disliked what earns His pleasure, so He rendered their deeds worthless.)

ذلك العذاب الذي استحقوه ونالوه؛ بسبب أنهم اتبعوا ما أسخط الله عليهم من طاعة الشيطان، وكرهوا ما يرضيه عنهم من العمل الصالح، ومنه قتال الكفار بعدما افترضه عليهم، فأبطل الله ثواب أعمالهم من صدقة وصلة رحم وغير ذلك.

لا يوجد تفسير لهذه الأية

واسم الإِشارة فى قوله : ( ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اتبعوا مَآ أَسْخَطَ الله وَكَرِهُواْ رِضْوَانَهُ ) يعود إلى توفى الملائكة لهم ، وقبضهم لأرواح هؤلاء المنافقين . أى : ذلك الضرب الأليم لهم من الملائكة عند قبضهم لأرواحهم بسبب أن هؤلاء المنافقين قد اتبعوا ما يغضب الله - تعالى - من الكفر والمعاصى ، وبسبب أنهم كرهوا ما يرضيه من الإِيمان والطاعة .( فَأَحْبَطَ ) - سبحانه - : ( أَعْمَالَهُمْ ) بأن أبطلها ولم يقبلها منهم ، لأنها لم تصدر عن قلب سليم .

وقوله ( ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اتَّبَعُوا مَا أَسْخَطَ اللَّهَ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: تفعل الملائكة هذا الذي وصفت بهؤلاء المنافقين من أجل أنهم اتبعوا ما أسخط الله, فأغضبه عليهم من طاعة الشيطان ( وَكَرِهُوا رِضْوَانَهُ ) يقول: وكرهوا ما يرضيه عنهم من قتال الكفار به, بعد ما افترضه عليهم.وقوله ( فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ ) يقول: فأبطل الله ثواب أعمالهم وأذهبه, لأنها عملت في غير رضاه ولا محبته, فبطلت, ولم تنفع عاملها.

( ذلك ) الضرب ( بأنهم اتبعوا ما أسخط الله ) قال ابن عباس : بما كتموا من التوراة وكفروا بمحمد - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ( وكرهوا رضوانه ) كرهوا ما فيه رضوان الله ، وهو الطاعة والإيمان . ( فأحبط أعمالهم ) .

ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اتَّبَعُوا مَا أَسْخَطَ اللَّهَ وَكَرِهُوا رِضْوَانَهُ فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ (28(الإشارة بذلك إلى الموت الفظيع الذي دل عليه قوله : { فكيف إذا توفتهم الملائكة } [ محمد : 27 ] كما تقدم آنفاً . واتباعهم ما أسخط الله : هو اتباعهم الشرك . والسخط مستعار لعدم الرضى بالفعل . وكراهتهم رضوان الله : كراهتهم أسباب رضوانه وهو الإسلام .وفي ذكر اتباع مَا أسخط الله وكراهة رضوانه محسّن الطباق مرتين للمضادة بين السخط والرضوان ، والاتباع والكراهية . والجمع بين الإخبار عنهم باتباعهم ما أسخط الله وكراهتهم رضوانه مع إمكان الاجتزاء بأحدهما عن الآخر للإيماء إلى أن ضرب الملائكة وجوه هؤلاء مناسب لإقبالهم على ما أسخط الله ، وأن ضربهم أدبارهم مناسب لكراهتهم رضوانه لأن الكراهة تستلزم الإعراض والإدبار ، ففي الكلام أيضاً محسن اللف والنشر المرتب . فكان ذلك التعذيب مناسباً لحالَيْ توقيهم في الفرار من القتال وللسببين الباعثين على ذلك التَوقي .وفرع على اتباعهم ما أسخط الله وكراهتهم رضوانه قوله : { فأحبط أعمالهم فكان اتباعهم ما أسخط الله وكراهتهم رضوانه سبباً في الأمرين : ضرب الملائكة وجوههم وأدبارهم عند الوفاة ، وإحباط أعمالهم .والإحباط : إبطال العمل ، أي أبطل انتفاعهم بأعمالهم التي عملوها مع المؤمنين من قول كلمة التوحيد ومن الصلاة والزكاة وغير ذلك . وتقدم ما هو بمعناه في أول السورة .

{ ذَلِكَ } العذاب الذي استحقوه ونالوه { بـ } سبب { أنهم اتَّبَعُوا مَا أَسْخَطَ اللَّهَ } من كل كفر وفسوق وعصيان.{ وَكَرِهُوا رِضْوَانَهُ } فلم يكن لهم رغبة فيما يقربهم إليه، ولا يدنيهم منه، { فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ } أي: أبطلها وأذهبها، وهذا بخلاف من اتبع ما يرضي الله وكره سخطه، فإنه سيكفر عنه سيئاته، ويضاعف أجره وثوابه.

قوله تعالى : ذلك بأنهم اتبعوا ما أسخط الله وكرهوا رضوانه فأحبط أعمالهم .قوله تعالى : ( ذلك ) أي ذلك جزاؤهم . بأنهم اتبعوا ما أسخط الله قال ابن عباس : هو كتمانهم ما في التوراة من نعت محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم . وإن حملت على المنافقين فهو إشارة إلى ما أضمروا عليه من الكفر . وكرهوا رضوانه يعني الإيمان . فأحبط أعمالهم أي ما عملوه من صدقة وصلة رحم وغير ذلك ، على ما تقدم .

The Quran is a book of guidance. But in order to have the benefit of it, it is necessary for the reader to be serious about it. If some improper feeling makes him flippant about it, he can never avail of the counsel offered, even although it has been presented in the best possible manner. If any commandment of religion is issued by which an individual is required to sacrifice his desires and interests, Satan immediately gives him some excuse not to do so, and since the present world is a trial ground for mankind, he has the opportunity to make use of this lame excuse. But this holds only for a very short time. When death strikes, the whole position will be entirely different.

الشَّيْطَانُ سَوَّلَ لَهُمْ وَأَمْلَىٰ لَهُمْ (it is Satan who has tempted them and involved them in far-fetched fancies. - 47:25). In this sentence, two acts have been ascribed to the devil: - taswil [ meaning the act of decking out evil works fair to some people, and imla' meaning the act of giving respite. First, he made their evil works look good and beautiful to them, and then prolonged their false hopes which will never be fulfilled.

(That) smiting and punishment (will be because they followed that which angereth Allah) within Judaism, (and hated that which pleaseth Him) they denied His divine Oneness. (Therefore He hath made their actions vain) He annulled the good actions which they performed in their practice of Judaism; and it is also said that the above verses were revealed about the hypocrites who moved from Medina to Mecca because they changed their religion; and it is also said that it was revealed about the hypocrite al-Hakam Ibn Abi al-'As and his host who deliberated on one Friday about taking the leadership of the Muslim community after the Prophet (pbuh) and vowed to spread corruption. They did this while completely ignoring the Prophet who was on the pulpit delivering his sermon. And then, in mockery, asked 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud about what the Prophet (pbuh) said in his sermon.