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وَقَوۡمَ نُوحࣲ مِّن قَبۡلُۖ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُوا۟ هُمۡ أَظۡلَمَ وَأَطۡغَىٰ ۝٥٢
waqawma nūḥin min qablu innahum kānū hum aẓlama wa-aṭgh
The Star / an-Najm (53:52)
Connections 12 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (12) cited by only one commentator
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Abdel Haleem

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and before them the people of Noah who were even more unjust and insolent
waqawma nūḥin min qablu innahum kānū hum aẓlama wa-aṭgh

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Tafsir Commentary

and the people of Noah before that that is to say before ‘Ād and Thamūd We also destroyed them; indeed they were more unjust and more insolent than ‘Ād and Thamūd because of the long time that Noah remained among them and he remained among them a thousand-less-fifty years Q. 2914 for they despite their disbelief in him would still harm him and assault him;
وأنه سبحانه وتعالى أهلك عادًا الأولى، وهم قوم هود، وأهلك ثمود، وهم قوم صالح، فلم يُبْقِ منهم أحدًا، وأهلك قوم نوح قبلُ. هؤلاء كانوا أشد تمردًا وأعظم كفرًا من الذين جاؤوا من بعدهم. ومدائن قوم لوط قلبها الله عليهم، وجعل عاليها سافلها، فألبسها ما ألبسها من الحجارة.
"وقوم نوح من قبل" أي من قبل هؤلاء "إنهم كانوا هم أظلم وأطغى" أي أشد تمردا من الذين من بعدهم.
* وقوله : ( وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِّن قَبْلُ . . ) أى : وأهلك - أيضا - قوم نوح من قبل إهلاكه لعاد وثمود . .( إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ ) أى : قوم نوح ( هُمْ أَظْلَمَ وأطغى ) أى : هم كانوا أشد فى الظلم والطغيان من عاد وثمود ، فقد آذوا نوحا - عليه السلام - أذى شديدا ، استمر صابرا عليه زمنا طويلا . وكان هلاكهم بالطوفان ، كما قال - تعالى - : ( فَأَخَذَهُمُ الطوفان وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ ) وقدم قبيلتى عاد وثمود فى الذكر على قوم نوح - مع أن قوم نوح أسبق - لأن هاتين القبيلتين كانتا مشهورتين عند العرب أكثر ، وديارهم معروفة لهم .
وقوله: ( وَثَمُودَ فَمَا أَبْقَى ) يقول تعالى ذكره: ولم يبق الله ثمود فيتركها على طغيانها وتمردها على ربها مقيمة, ولكنه عاقبها بكفرها وعتوّها فأهلكها.واختلفت القرّاء في قراءة ذلك, فقرأته عامة قرَّاء البصرة وبعض الكوفيين ( وَثَمُودَ فَمَا أَبْقَى ) بالإجراء إتباعا للمصحف, إذ كانت الألف مثبتة فيه, وقرأه بعض عامة الكوفيين بترك الإجراء. وذُكر أنه في مصحف عبد الله بغير ألف.والصواب من القول في ذلك أنهما قراءتان معروفتان, فبأيتهما قرأ القارئ فمصيب لصحتهما في الإعراب والمعنى. وقد بيَّنا قصة ثمود وسبب هلاكها فيما مضى بما أغنى عن إعادته.
" وقوم نوح من قبل "، أي: أهلك قوم نوح من قبل عاد وثمود، " إنهم كانوا هم أظلم وأطغى "، لطول دعوة نوح إياهم وعتوهم على الله بالمعصية والتكذيب.
وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا هُمْ أَظْلَمَ وَأَطْغَى (52(وتقدم ذكر نوح وقومه في سورة آل عمران وفي سورة الأعراف .وإنما قدم في الآية ذكر عاد وثمود على ذكر قوم نوح مع أن هؤلاء أسبق لأن عاداً وثموداً أشهر في العرب وأكثر ذكراً بينهم وديارهم في بلاد العرب .وقرأ الجمهور { عاداً الأولى } بإظهار تنوين { عاداً } وتحقيق همزة { الأولى } . وقرأ ورش عن نافع وأبو عمرو { عاد لُولى } بحذف همزة ( الأولى ( بعد نقل حركتها إلى اللام المعرِّفة وإدغام نون التنوين من { عاداً } في لاَم { لُولى } . وقرأه قالون عن نافع بإسكان همزة { الأولى } بعد نقل حركتها إلى اللام المعرِفة ( عاد لُؤْلى ( على لغة من يبدل الواو الناشئة عن إشباع الضمة همزاً ، كما قرىء { فاستوى على سؤقه } [ الفتح : 29 ] .وقرأ الجمهور { وثموداً } بالتنوين على إطلاق اسم جد القبيلة عليها . وقرأه عاصم وحمزة بدون تنوين على إرادة اسم القبيلة .وجملة { إنهم كانوا هم أظلم وأطغى } تعليل لجملة { أهلك عاداً } إلى آخرها ، وضمير الجمع في { إنهم كانوا } يجوز أن يعود إلى قوم نوح ، أي كانوا أظلم وأطغى من عاد وثمود . ويجوز أن يكون عائداً إلى عاد وثمود وقوم نوح والمعنى : إنهم أظلم وأطغى من قومك الذين كذبوك فتكون تسلية للنبيء صلى الله عليه وسلم بأن الرسل من قبله لقُوا من أممهم أشد مما لقيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم وفيه إيماء إلى أن الله مبق على أمة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم فلا يهلكها لأنه قدّر دخول بقيتها في الإسلام ثم أبنائها .وضمير الفصل في قوله { كانوا هم أظلم } لتقوية الخبر .
{ وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِنْ قَبْلُ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا هُمْ أَظْلَمَ وَأَطْغَى } من هؤلاء الأمم، فأهلكهم الله وأغرقهم في اليم
وقوم نوح من قبل أي وأهلك قوم نوح من قبل عاد وثمود [ ص: 111 ] إنهم كانوا هم أظلم وأطغى وذلك لطول مدة نوح فيهم ، حتى كان الرجل فيهم يأخذ بيد ابنه فينطلق إلى نوح عليه السلام فيقول : احذر هذا فإنه كذاب ، وإن أبي قد مشى بي إلى هذا وقال لي مثل ما قلت لك ; فيموت الكبير على الكفر ، وينشأ الصغير على وصية أبيه . وقيل : إن الكناية ترجع إلى كل من ذكر من عاد وثمود وقوم نوح ; أي كانوا أكفر من مشركي العرب وأطغى . فيكون فيه تسلية وتعزية للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ; فكأنه يقول له : فاصبر أنت أيضا فالعاقبة الحميدة لك .
A nation makes superb progress and surpasses other nations. It is apparently impossible for it to be overpowered. Thereafter, certain factors come into play and that nation is destroyed or faces decline and fades into oblivion. This indicates that there is a Super Power over human beings that decides about the future of nations. If even such events of history do not impart a lesson to a human being, what will?
وَأَنَّهُ أَهْلَكَ عَادًا الْأُولَىٰ وَثَمُودَ فَمَا أَبْقَىٰ (and that He has destroyed the earlier ` Ad, and Thamud, so spared none,...53:50-51) The people of ` Ad were among the strongest, fiercest people and the most rebellious against Allah. There are two branches of this people: one of them is known as 'ula [ the first ] and ` ukhra [ the latter or the second ]. Holy Prophet Hud (علیہ السلام) was sent to ` Ad, but they disobeyed him, as a result Allah annihilated the entire nation by a violently furious wind. This is the first nation that was destroyed in punishment after the destruction of the people of Holy Prophet Nuh علیہ السلام (Mazhari) Holy Prophet Salih (علیہ السلام) was sent to the tribe of Thamud, being the second ` Ad, but they too disobeyed their Prophet. Those who transgressed were caught by the awesome Cry of Jibra'il (علیہ السلام) and their hearts were burst by the horrific sound resulting in the mass destruction of those people. (See Ma` ariful Qur'an Vol. 4/p. 651 and the cross-reference given there. [ Tr.])
(And the folk of Noah) and He also destroyed the folk of Noah (aforetime) before the folk of Salih, (lo! They) i.e. the folk of Noah (were more unjust) more intense in their disbelief (and more rebellious) in their transgression and sinning;
Some Attributes of the Lord, that He returns Man as He originated Him, and some of what He does with His Servants Allah the Exalted said, وَأَنَّ إِلَى رَبِّكَ الْمُنتَهَى (And that to your Lord is the End.) meaning, the return of everything on the Day of Resurrection. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `Amr bin Maymun Al-Awdi said, "Once, Mu`adh bin Jabal stood up among us and said, `O Children of Awd! I am the emissary of Allah's Messenger ﷺ to you; know that the Return is to Allah, either to Paradise or the Fire."' Allah's statement, وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَضْحَكَ وَأَبْكَى (And that it is He Who makes you laugh, and makes you weep.) means that He created in His creatures the ability to laugh or weep and the causes for each of these opposites, وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَمَاتَ وَأَحْيَا (And that it is He Who causes death and gives life.) In a similar statement, Allah said, الَّذِى خَلَقَ الْمَوْتَ وَالْحَيَوةَ (Who has created death and life.)(67:2) Allah said, وَأَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالاٍّنثَى - مِن نُّطْفَةٍ إِذَا تُمْنَى (And that He creates the pairs, male and female. From Nutfah when it is emitted.) as He said: أَيَحْسَبُ الإِنسَـنُ أَن يُتْرَكَ سُدًى - أَلَمْ يَكُ نُطْفَةً مِّن مَّنِىٍّ يُمْنَى - ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّى - فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالاٍّنثَى - أَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِقَـدِرٍ عَلَى أَن يُحْيِىَ الْمَوْتَى (Does man think that he will be left neglected Was he not a Nutfah Then he became an `Alaqah (something that clings); then (Allah) shaped and fashioned (him) in due proportion. And made of him two sexes, male and female. Is not He (Allah) able to give life to the dead)(75:36-40) Allah the Exalted said, وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِ النَّشْأَةَ الاٍّخْرَى (And that upon Him is another bringing forth.) meaning, just as He first originated creation, He is able to bring it back to life, resurrecting it for the Day of Judgement, وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ أَغْنَى وَأَقْنَى (And that it is He Who Aghna (gives much) and Aqna (a little).) It is Allah Who gives wealth to His servants and this wealth remains with them. This means they are able to use it to their benefit, is this out of the completeness of His favor. Most of the statements of the scholars of Tafsir revolve around this meaning, such as those from Abu Salih, Ibn Jarir and others. Mujahid said that, أَغْنَى (Aghna) meaning: He gives wealth. وَأَقْنَى (Aqna) meaning: He gives servants. Similar was said by Qatadah. Ibn `Abbas and Mujahid said; أَغْنَى (Aghna) means: He granted; while, وَأَقْنَى (Aqna) means: He gave contentment. وَأَنَّهُ هُوَ رَبُّ الشِّعْرَى (And that He is the Lord of Ash-Shi`ra.) Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah and Ibn Zayd said about Ash-Shi`ra that it is the bright star, named Mirzam Al-Jawza' (Sirius), which a group of Arabs used to worship. وَأَنَّهُ أَهْلَكَ عَاداً الاٍّولَى (And that it is He Who destroyed the former `Ad) the people of Hud. They are the descendants of `Ad, son of Iram, son of Sam, son of Nuh. As Allah the Exalted said, أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ - إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ - الَّتِى لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِى الْبِلَـدِ (Saw you not how your Lord dealt with `Ad. Of Iram, with the lofty pillars, the like of which were not created in the land)(89:6-8) The people of `Ad were among the strongest, fiercest people and the most rebellious against Allah the Exalted and His Messenger. Allah destroyed them, بِرِيحٍ صَرْصَرٍ عَاتِيَةٍسَخَّرَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ وَثَمَـنِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ حُسُوماً (By a furious violent wind! Which Allah imposed in them for seven nights and eight days in succession.)(69:6-7) Allah's statement, وَثَمُودَ فَمَآ أَبْقَى (And Thamud. He spared none), declares that He destroyed them all and spared none of them, وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍ مِّن قَبْلُ (And the people of Nuh aforetime.) before `Ad and Thamud, إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ هُمْ أَظْلَمَ وَأَطْغَى (Verily, they were more unjust and more rebellious and transgressing.) more unjust in disobeying Allah than those who came after them, وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَةَ أَهْوَى (And He destroyed the overthrown cities.) meaning, the cities (of Sodom and Gomorrah) to which Prophet Lut was sent. Allah turned their cities upside down over them and sent on them stones of Sijjil. Allah's statement that whatever has covered it, has covered it, is like the case with the stones of Sijjil that He sent on them, وَأَمْطَرْنَا عَلَيْهِم مَّطَراً فَسَآءَ مَطَرُ الْمُنذَرِينَ (And We rained on them a rain (of torment). And how evil was the rain of those who had been warned!)(26:173) Allah said, فَبِأَىِّ آلاءِ رَبِّكَ تَتَمَارَى (Then which of the graces of your Lord will you doubt) meaning, `which of Allah's favors for you, O man, do you doubt,' according to Qatadah. Ibn Jurayj said that the Ayah, فَبِأَىِّ آلاءِ رَبِّكَ تَتَمَارَى (Then which of the graces of your Lord will you doubt), is directed towards the Prophet saying: "O Muhammad!" However, the first ex- planation is better, and it is the meaning that Ibn Jarir preferred.