Jonah — Verse 62

Identifying the Awliya' of Allah Allah tells us that His Awliya' (friends and allies) are those who believe and have Taqwa of Allah as He defined them. Every pious, God-fearing person is a friend of Allah, therefore, لاَ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ (no fear shall come upon them) from the future horrors they will face in the Hereafter. وَلاَ هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (nor shall they grieve.) over anything left behind in this world. Ibn Jarir recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said: «إِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللهِ عِبَادًا يَغْبِطُهُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ وَالشُّهَدَاء» (Among the servants of Allah there will be those whom the Prophets and the martyrs will consider fortunate). It was said: "Who are these, O Messenger of Allah, so we may love them" He said: «هُمْ قَوْمٌ تَحَابُّوا فِي اللهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَمْوَالٍ وَلَا أَنْسَابٍ، وُجُوهُهُمْ نُورٌ عَلَى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ، لَا يَخَافُون إِذَا خَافَ النَّاسُ، وَلَا يَحْزَنُونَ إِذَا حَزِنَ النَّاس» (These are people who loved one another for the sake of Allah without any other interest like money or kinship. Their faces will be light, upon platforms of light. They shall have no fear (on that Day) when fear shall come upon people. Nor shall they grieve when others grieve.) Then he recited: أَلا إِنَّ أَوْلِيَآءَ اللَّهِ لاَ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (Behold!! Verily, the Awliya' (friends and allies) of Allah, no fear shall come upon them nor shall they grieve.) The True Dream is a Form of Good News Ibn Jarir narrated from `Ubadah bin As-Samit that he recited to Allah's Messenger ﷺ: لَهُمُ الْبُشْرَى فِي الْحَيوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِى الاٌّخِرَةِ (For them is good news, in the life of the present world, and in the Hereafter.) and said, "We know the good news of the Hereafter, it is Paradise. But what is the good news in this world" He said: «الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ يَرَاهَا الْعَبْدُ أَوْ تُرَى لَهُ. وَهِيَ جُزْءٌ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ جُزْءًا أَوْ سَبْعِينَ جُزْءًا مِنَ النُّبُوَّة» (It is the good dream that a servant may see or it is seen about him. This dream is one part from forty-four or seventy parts of Prophethood.) Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Dharr said, "O Messenger of Allah! What about a man who does deeds that the people commend him for" Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, «تِلْكَ عَاجِلُ بُشْرَى الْمُؤْمِن» (That is the good news that has been expedited for the believer.) Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Amr said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ said: لَهُمُ الْبُشْرَى فِي الْحَيوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِى الاٌّخِرَةِ (For them is good news, in the life of the present world) Then he said, «الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ يُبَشَّرُهَا الْمُؤْمِنُ، جُزْءٌ مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ جُزْءًا مِنَ النُّبُوَّةِ، فَمَنْ رَأَى ذَلِكَ فَلْيُخْبِرْ بِهَا،وَمَنْ رَأَى سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ لِيُحْزِنَهُ، فَلْيَنْفُثْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ ثَلَاثًا، وَلْيُكَبِّرْ، وَلَا يُخْبِرْ بِهَا أَحَدًا» (The good dream that comes as a good news for the believer is a part of forty-nine parts of prophethood. So if anyone of you has a good dream, he should narrate it to others. But if he has a dream that he dislikes, then it is from Shaytan to make him sad. He should blow to his left three times, and say : "Allahu Akbar," and should not mention it to anyone.") And it was also said, "The good news here is the glad tidings the angels bring to the believer at the time of death. They bring him the good news of Paradise and forgiveness." Similarly, Allah said: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقَـمُواْ تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ أَلاَّ تَخَافُواْ وَلاَ تَحْزَنُواْ وَأَبْشِرُواْ بِالْجَنَّةِ الَّتِى كُنتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ - نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَآؤُكُمْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِى الاٌّخِرَةِ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِى أَنفُسُكُمْ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَدَّعُونَ - نُزُلاً مِّنْ غَفُورٍ رَّحِيمٍ (Verily, those who say: "Our Lord is Allah (alone)," and then they stand straight and firm, on them the angels will descend (at the time of their death) (saying): "Fear not, nor grieve! But receive the glad tidings of Paradise which you have been promised! We have been your friends in the life of this world and are (so) in the Hereafter. Therein you shall have (all) that your souls desire, and therein you shall have (all) for which you ask. An entertainment from (Allah), the Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.") (41:30-32) In the Hadith narrated by Al-Bara', the Prophet said: إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا حَضَرَهُ الْمُوتُ جَاءَهُ مَلَائِكَةٌ بِيضُ الْوُجُوهِ بِيضُ الثِّيَابِ فَقَالُوا:اخْرُجِي أَيَّتُهَا الرُّوحُ الطَّيِّبَةُ إِلَى رُوْحٍ وَرَيْحَانٍ وَرَبَ غَيْرِ غَضْبَانَ، فَتَخْرُجُ مِنْ فَمِهِ كَمَا تَسِيلُ الْقَطْرَةُ مِنْ فَمِ السِّقَاء» (When death approaches the believer, angels with white faces and white clothes come to him and say: "O good soul! Come out to comfort and provision and a Lord who is not angry." The soul then comes out of his mouth like a drop of water pouring out of a water skin.) Their good news in the Hereafter is as Allah said: لاَ يَحْزُنُهُمُ الْفَزَعُ الاٌّكْبَرُ وَتَتَلَقَّـهُمُ الْمَلَـئِكَةُ هَـذَا يَوْمُكُمُ الَّذِى كُنتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ (The greatest terror (on the Day of Resurrection) will not grieve them, and the angels will meet them, (with the greeting:) "This is your Day which you were promised.") (21:103), and, يَوْمَ تَرَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَـتِ يَسْعَى نُورُهُم بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَبِأَيْمَـنِهِم بُشْرَاكُمُ الْيَوْمَ جَنَّـتٌ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا الاٌّنْهَـرُ خَـلِدِينَ فِيهَا ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ (On the Day you shall see the believing men and the believing women -- their light running forward before them and by their right hands. Glad tidings for you this Day! Gardens under which rivers flow (Paradise), to dwell therein forever! Truly, this is the great success!)(57:12) Allah then said: لاَ تَبْدِيلَ لِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ (No change can there be in the Words of Allah.) meaning, this promise doesn't change or breach or fall short. It is decreed and firm, and going to happen undoubtedly. ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ (This is indeed the supreme success.)

Assuredly God’s friends no fear shall befall them neither shall they grieve in the Hereafter.

Surely God's friends-no fear shall be upon them, neither shall they sorrow. God's friends are those who dive for the pearl of wisdom in the oceans of knowledge, who are the sun of desire and the resting place of the covenant of good fortune in the heaven of the innate dis- position, who are accepted by the Divine Presence and the oyster shell of the secrets of Lordhood, who are the title-page of the Shariah and the proof of the Haqiqah. Through them the lineage of MuṣṬafā is alive in the World of the Realities, the pathway of truthfulness is filled with the firm fixity of their feet, their outwardness is adorned with the rulings of the Shariah, their inwardness is illumined by the pearl of poverty. When the traces of the gaze of these exalted ones reach the thorn-bed of deprivation, the jasmine of the religion blooms. When the blessings of their breaths shine upon the salt-waste of misery, the ambergris of passion wafts its scent. If they gaze on a disobedient person, he becomes obedient. If they open their eyes on someone wearing a sash of unbelief, he is accepted and protected by the Exalted Threshold. Thus it is told that once the exalted one of his time and the master of his era, Shiblī, became ill. The caliph of the time liked him, and it reached him that Shiblī was ill. There was a Christian physician, ex- tremely skillful, so he sent him to Shiblī to cure him. The physician came and said to Shiblī, " O shaykh! If I have to make your medicine from my own skin and flesh, I will not hold it back and I will heal you. " Shiblī said, " My medicine is less than that. " He said, " What is it? " He said, " Cut off that sash, and you will have cured me. " The physician said, " It is no stipulation of chivalry that I make a claim and not carry it through. If your healing lies in my cutting off the sash, that's an easy job. " When the physician cut off his sash, Shiblī got up from the illness. The news of what happened reached the caliph. He became happy and said, " I thought I was sending a physician to someone ill.

Surely God's friends-no fear shall be upon them, neither shall they sorrow. God's friends are those who dive for the pearl of wisdom in the oceans of knowledge, who are the sun of desire and the resting place of the covenant of good fortune in the heaven of the innate dis- position, who are accepted by the Divine Presence and the oyster shell of the secrets of Lordhood, who are the title-page of the Shariah and the proof of the Haqiqah. Through them the lineage of MuṣṬafā is alive in the World of the Realities, the pathway of truthfulness is filled with the firm fixity of their feet, their outwardness is adorned with the rulings of the Shariah, their inwardness is illumined by the pearl of poverty. When the traces of the gaze of these exalted ones reach the thorn-bed of deprivation, the jasmine of the religion blooms. When the blessings of their breaths shine upon the salt-waste of misery, the ambergris of passion wafts its scent. If they gaze on a disobedient person, he becomes obedient. If they open their eyes on someone wearing a sash of unbelief, he is accepted and protected by the Exalted Threshold. Thus it is told that once the exalted one of his time and the master of his era, Shiblī, became ill. The caliph of the time liked him, and it reached him that Shiblī was ill. There was a Christian physician, ex- tremely skillful, so he sent him to Shiblī to cure him. The physician came and said to Shiblī, " O shaykh! If I have to make your medicine from my own skin and flesh, I will not hold it back and I will heal you. " Shiblī said, " My medicine is less than that. " He said, " What is it? " He said, " Cut off that sash, and you will have cured me. " The physician said, " It is no stipulation of chivalry that I make a claim and not carry it through. If your healing lies in my cutting off the sash, that's an easy job. " When the physician cut off his sash, Shiblī got up from the illness. The news of what happened reached the caliph. He became happy and said, " I thought I was sending a physician to someone ill.

Surely God's friends-no fear shall be upon them, neither shall they sorrow. God's friends are those who dive for the pearl of wisdom in the oceans of knowledge, who are the sun of desire and the resting place of the covenant of good fortune in the heaven of the innate dis- position, who are accepted by the Divine Presence and the oyster shell of the secrets of Lordhood, who are the title-page of the Shariah and the proof of the Haqiqah. Through them the lineage of MuṣṬafā is alive in the World of the Realities, the pathway of truthfulness is filled with the firm fixity of their feet, their outwardness is adorned with the rulings of the Shariah, their inwardness is illumined by the pearl of poverty. When the traces of the gaze of these exalted ones reach the thorn-bed of deprivation, the jasmine of the religion blooms. When the blessings of their breaths shine upon the salt-waste of misery, the ambergris of passion wafts its scent. If they gaze on a disobedient person, he becomes obedient. If they open their eyes on someone wearing a sash of unbelief, he is accepted and protected by the Exalted Threshold. Thus it is told that once the exalted one of his time and the master of his era, Shiblī, became ill. The caliph of the time liked him, and it reached him that Shiblī was ill. There was a Christian physician, ex- tremely skillful, so he sent him to Shiblī to cure him. The physician came and said to Shiblī, " O shaykh! If I have to make your medicine from my own skin and flesh, I will not hold it back and I will heal you. " Shiblī said, " My medicine is less than that. " He said, " What is it? " He said, " Cut off that sash, and you will have cured me. " The physician said, " It is no stipulation of chivalry that I make a claim and not carry it through. If your healing lies in my cutting off the sash, that's an easy job. " When the physician cut off his sash, Shiblī got up from the illness. The news of what happened reached the caliph. He became happy and said, " I thought I was sending a physician to someone ill.

Surely God's friends-no fear shall be upon them, neither shall they sorrow. God's friends are those who dive for the pearl of wisdom in the oceans of knowledge, who are the sun of desire and the resting place of the covenant of good fortune in the heaven of the innate dis- position, who are accepted by the Divine Presence and the oyster shell of the secrets of Lordhood, who are the title-page of the Shariah and the proof of the Haqiqah. Through them the lineage of MuṣṬafā is alive in the World of the Realities, the pathway of truthfulness is filled with the firm fixity of their feet, their outwardness is adorned with the rulings of the Shariah, their inwardness is illumined by the pearl of poverty. When the traces of the gaze of these exalted ones reach the thorn-bed of deprivation, the jasmine of the religion blooms. When the blessings of their breaths shine upon the salt-waste of misery, the ambergris of passion wafts its scent. If they gaze on a disobedient person, he becomes obedient. If they open their eyes on someone wearing a sash of unbelief, he is accepted and protected by the Exalted Threshold. Thus it is told that once the exalted one of his time and the master of his era, Shiblī, became ill. The caliph of the time liked him, and it reached him that Shiblī was ill. There was a Christian physician, ex- tremely skillful, so he sent him to Shiblī to cure him. The physician came and said to Shiblī, " O shaykh! If I have to make your medicine from my own skin and flesh, I will not hold it back and I will heal you. " Shiblī said, " My medicine is less than that. " He said, " What is it? " He said, " Cut off that sash, and you will have cured me. " The physician said, " It is no stipulation of chivalry that I make a claim and not carry it through. If your healing lies in my cutting off the sash, that's an easy job. " When the physician cut off his sash, Shiblī got up from the illness. The news of what happened reached the caliph. He became happy and said, " I thought I was sending a physician to someone ill.

Surely God's friends-no fear shall be upon them, neither shall they sorrow.God's friends are those who dive for the pearl of wisdom in the oceans of knowledge, who are the sun of desire and the resting place of the covenant of good fortune in the heaven of the innate dis- position, who are accepted by the Divine Presence and the oyster shell of the secrets of Lordhood, who are the title-page of the Shariah and the proof of the Haqiqah. Through them the lineage ofMuṣṬafā is alive in the World of the Realities, the pathway of truthfulness is filled with the firm fixity of their feet, their outwardness is adorned with the rulings of the Shariah, their inwardness is illumined by the pearl of poverty. When the traces of the gaze of these exalted ones reach the thorn-bed of deprivation, the jasmine of the religion blooms. When the blessings of their breaths shine upon the salt-waste of misery, the ambergris of passion wafts its scent. If they gaze on a disobedient person, he becomes obedient. If they open their eyes on someone wearing a sash of unbelief, he is accepted and protected by the Exalted Threshold.Thus it is told that once the exalted one of his time and the master of his era, Shiblī, became ill. The caliph of the time liked him, and it reached him that Shiblī was ill. There was a Christian physician, ex- tremely skillful, so he sent him to Shiblī to cure him. The physician came and said to Shiblī, " O shaykh! If I have to make your medicine from my own skin and flesh, I will not hold it back and I will heal you. "Shiblī said, " My medicine is less than that. " He said, " What is it? "He said, " Cut off that sash, and you will have cured me. "The physician said, " It is no stipulation of chivalry that I make a claim and not carry it through. If your healing lies in my cutting off the sash, that's an easy job. " When the physician cut off his sash, Shiblī got up from the illness.The news of what happened reached the caliph. He became happy and said, " I thought I was sending a physician to someone ill.

ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم في الآخرة من عقاب الله، ولا هم يحزنون على ما فاتهم من حظوظ الدنيا.

يخبر تعالى أن أولياءه هم الذين آمنوا وكانوا يتقون كما فسرهم ربهم فكل من كان تقيا كان لله وليا فـ"لا خوف عليهم" أي فيما يستقبلونه من أهوال الآخرة "ولا هم يحزنون" على ما وراءهم في الدنيا وقال عبدالله بن مسعود وابن عباس وغير واحد من السلف أولياء الله الذين إذا رءوا ذكر الله وقد ورد هذا في حديث مرفوع كما قال البزار حدثنا علي بن حرب الرازي حدثنا محمد بن سعيد بن سابق حدثنا يعقوب بن عبدالله الأشعري وهو القمي عن جعفر بن أبي المغيرة عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس قال: قال رجل يا رسول الله من أولياء الله؟ قال "الذين رءوا ذكر الله" ثم قال البزار وقد روى عن سعيد مرسلا وقال ابن جرير حدثنا أبو هشام الرفاعي حدثنا أبو فضيل حدثنا أبي عن عمارة بن القعقاع عن أبي زرعة عن عمرو بن جرير البجلي عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم "إن من عباد الله عبادا يغبطهم الأنبياء والشهداء" قيل من هم يا رسول الله لعلنا نحبهم؟ قال "هم قوم تحابوا في الله من غير أموال ولا أنساب وجوههم نور على منابر من نور لا يخافون إذا خاف الناس ولا يحزنون إذا حزن الناس" ثم قرأ "ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون" ثم رواه أيضا أبو داود من حديث جرير عن عمارة ابن القعقاع عن أبي زرعة بن عمرو بن جرير عن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلي الله عليه وسلم بمثله وهذا أيضا إسناد جيد إلا أنه منقطع بين أبي زرعة وعمر بن الخطاب والله أعلم وفي حديث الإمام أحمد عن أبي النضر عن عبدالحميد بن بهرام عن شهر بن حوشب عن عبدالرحمن بن غنم عن أبي مالك الأشعري قال: قال رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم "يأتي من أفناء الناس ونوازع القبائل قوم لم تتصل بينهم أرحام متقاربة تحابوا في الله وتصافوا في الله يضع الله لهم يوم القيامة منابر من نور فيجلسهم عليها يفزع الناس ولا يفزعون وهم أولياء الله الذين لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون" والحديث مطول وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا عبدالرزاق أخبرنا سفيان عن الأعمش عن ذكوان بن أبي صالح عن رجل عن أبي الدرداء رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلي الله عليه وسلم.

بعد كل ذلك ، بشر أولياءه بحسن العاقبة ، وأنذر أعداءه بسوء المصير ، ورد على الذين قالوا اتخذ الله ولداً بما يكبتهم ويخرس ألسنتهم فقال - تعالى - :( ألا إِنَّ أَوْلِيَآءَ . . . ) .الأولياء : جمع ولي مأخوذ من الولي بمعنى القرب والدنو ، يقال : تباعد فلان من عبد ولي أى : بعد قرب .والمراد بهم : أولئك المؤمنون الصادقون الذى صلحت أعمالهم ، وحسنت بالله - تعالى - صلتهم ، فصاروا يقولون ويفعلون كل ما يحبه ، ويجتنبون كل ما يكرهه .قال الفخر الرازي : " ظهر فى علم الاشتقاق أن تركيب الواو واللام والياء يدل على معنى القرب ، فولى كل شيء هو الذى يكون قريبا منه .والقرب من الله إنما يتم إذا كان القلب مستغرقاً فى نور معرفته ، فإن رأى رأى دلائل قدرته ، وإن سمع سمع آيات وحدانيته ، وإن نطق نطق بالثناء عليه ، وِإن تحرك تحرك فى خدمته ، وإن اجتهد اجتهد فى طاعته ، فهنالك يكون فى غاية القرب من الله - تعالى - ويكون وليا له - سبحانه - .وإذا كان كذلك كان الله - وليا له - أيضاً - كما قال : ( الله وَلِيُّ الذين آمَنُواْ يُخْرِجُهُمْ مِّنَ الظلمات إِلَى النور ) وقد افتتحت الآية الكريمة بأداة الاستفتاح ( ألا ) وبحرف التوكيد ( إن ) لتنبيه الناس إلى وجوب الاقتداء بهم ، حتى ينالوا ما ناله أولئك الأولياء الصالحون من سعادة دنيوية وأخروية .وقوله : ( لاَ خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ ) تمييز لهم عن غيرهم ممن لم يبلغوا درجتهم .والخوف : حالة نفسية تجعل الإِنسان مضطرب المشاعر لتوقعه حصلو ما يكرهه .والحزن اكتئاب نفسي يحدث للإِنسان من أجل وقوع ما يكرهه .أى : أن الخوف يكون من أجل مكروه يتوقع حصوله ، بينما الحزن يكون من أجل مكروه قد وقع فعلاً .والمعنى : ألا إن أولياء الله الذين صدق إيمانهم ، وحسن عملهم ، لا خوف علهيم من أهوال الموقف وعذاب الآخرة ، ولا هم يحزنون على ما تركوا وراءهم من الدنيا ، لأن مقصدهم الأسمى رضا الله - سبحانه - فمتى فعلوا ما يؤدي إلى ذلك هان كل ما سواه .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : أَلا إِنَّ أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهِ لا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ (62)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: ألا إن أنصار الله لا خوف عليهم في الآخرة من عقاب الله، لأن الله رضي عنهم فآمنهم من عقابه ، ولا هم يحزنون على ما فاتهم من الدنيا.* * *و " الأولياء " جمع " ولي"، وهو النصير، وقد بينا ذلك بشواهده. (1)* * *واختلف أهل التأويل فيمن يستحق هذا الاسم.فقال بعضهم: هم قومٌ يُذْكَرُ الله لرؤيتهم ، لما عليهم من سيما الخير والإخبات.*ذكر من قال ذلك:17703- حدثنا أبو كريب وابن وكيع قالا حدثنا ابن يمان قال ، حدثنا ابن أبي ليلى، عن الحكم، عن مقسم، وسعيد بن جبير، عن ابن عباس: (ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون) ، قال: الذين يُذْكَرُ الله لرؤيتهم.17704- حدثنا أبو كريب وأبو هشام قالا حدثنا ابن يمان، عن أشعث بن إسحاق، عن جعفر بن أبي المغيرة، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، مثله. (2)17705- حدثنا أبو كريب قال ، حدثنا ابن يمان، عن سفيان، عن العلاء بن المسيب، عن أبي الضحى، مثله.17706- حدثنا ابن وكيع قال ، حدثنا جرير، عن العلاء بن المسيب، عن أبيه: (ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون)، قال: الذي يُذْكَر الله لرؤيتهم.17707-. . . . قال، حدثنا ابن مهدي وعبيد الله، عن سفيان، عن العلاء بن المسيب، عن أبي الضحى قال: سمعته يقول في هذه الآية: (ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون) ، قال: من الناس مَفَاتِيح ، (3) إذا رُؤُوا ذُكِر الله لرؤيتهم.17708-. . . . قال، حدثنا أبي، عن مسعر، عن سَهْل أبي الأسد، عن سعيد بن جبير، قال: سُئل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن " أولياء الله "، فقال : الذين إذا رُؤُوا ذُكر الله. (4)17709-. . . . قال، حدثنا زيد بن حباب، عن سفيان، عن حبيب بن أبي ثابت، عن أبي وائل، عن عبد الله: (ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون)، قال: الذين إذا رُؤُوا ذُكِر الله لرؤيتهم17710- . . . . قال، حدثنا أبو يزيد الرازي، عن يعقوب، عن جعفر، عن سعيد بن جبير، عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : هم الذين إذا رُؤُوا ذُكِر اللهُ.17711- حدثنا القاسم قال ، حدثنا الحسين قال ، حدثنا فرات، عن أبي سعد، عن سعيد بن جبير قال: سئل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن " أولياء الله "، قال: هم الذين إذا رُؤُوا ذُكِر الله.17712-. . . . قال، حدثنا الحسين قال ، حدثنا هشيم، قال: أخبرنا العوّام، عن عبد الله بن أبي الهذيل في قوله: (ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون)، الآية، قال: إن ولي الله إذا رُئِي ذُكِر الله.* * *وقال آخرون في ذلك بما:-17713- حدثنا أبو هاشم الرفاعي قال ، حدثنا ابن فضيل قال ، حدثنا أبي عن عمارة بن القعقاع الضبي، عن أبي زرعة بن عمرو بن جرير البجلي، عن أبي هريرة، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: إن من عباد الله عبادًا يغبطهم الأنبياء والشهداء! قيل: من هم يا رسول الله؟ فلعلنا نحبُّهم! قال: هم قوم تحابُّوا في الله من غير أموالٍ ولا أنساب، وجوههم من نور، على منابر من نور، لا يخافون إذا خاف الناس، ولا يحزنون إذا حزن الناس. وقرأ: (ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون). (5)17714- حدثنا ابن حميد قال ، حدثنا جرير، عن عمارة، عن أبي زرعة، عن عمر بن الخطاب، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: إن من عباد الله لأناسًا ما هم بأنبياء ولا شهداء، يغبطهم الأنبياء والشهداء يوم القيامة بمكانهم من الله! قالوا: يا رسول الله ، أخبرنا من هم وما أعمالهم؟ فإنا نحبهم لذلك! قال: هم قوم تحابُّوا في الله بروح الله ، على غير أرحام بينهم ولا أموال يتعاطونها، فوا الله إن وجوههم لنورٌ، وإنهم لعلى نور، لا يخافون إذا خاف الناس ، ولا يحزنون إذا حزن الناس. وقرأ هذه الآية: (ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون). (6)17715- حدثنا بحر بن نصر الخولاني قال ، حدثنا يحيى بن حسان قال ، حدثنا عبد الحميد بن بهرام قال ، حدثنا شهر بن حوشب، عن عبد الرحمن بن غنم، عن أبي مالك الأشعري، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " يأتي من أفْنَاء الناس ونوازع القبائل ، (7) قوم لم تَصل بينهم أرحام متقاربة، (8) تحابُّوا في الله ، وتصافَوْا في الله، يضع الله لهم يوم القيامة منابر من نور ، فيجلسهم عليها، يفزع الناس فلا يفزعون، وهم أولياء الله الذين لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون. (9)* * *قال أبو جعفر: والصواب من القول في ذلك أن يقال: " الولي" ، أعني " ولي الله " ، هو من كان بالصفة التي وصفه الله بها، وهو الذي آمن واتقى، كما قال الله الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ .* * *وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك كان ابن زيد يقول:17716- حدثني يونس قال، أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال، قال ابن زيد في قوله: (ألا إنّ أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون) ، من هم يا ربّ؟ قال: الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ ، قال: أبى أن يُتَقَبَّل الإيمان إلا بالتقوى. (10)---------------------الهوامش :(1) انظر تفسير " الولي " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( ولي ) ، ولكن ههنا تفصيل في معنى " أولياء الله " ، لم يسبق له نظير .(2) الأثر : 17704 - " أشعث بن سعد بن مالك القمي " ، ثقة ، مضى برقم : 78 ، وهذا خبر مرسل .(3) " مفاتيح " ، جمع " مفتاح " ، وهو الذي يفتح به الباب . وهذا مجاز ، إنما أراد أنهم يفتحون باب الخير للناس ، وأعظم الخير ذكر الله سبحانه وتعالى .(4) الأثر : 17708 - " سهل أبو الأسد القراري الحنفي " ثقة ، مترجم في الكبير 2 / 2 / 100 ، وابن أبي حاتم 2 / 1 / 206 ، وكان في المطبوعة : " سهل بن الأسد " ، وهو تصرف من الناشر وفساد ، غير ما في المخطوطة . و " القراري " ، بالقاف ، قال البخاري : " وقرار ، قبيلة " ، وهي من حنيفة ، من بكر ومما يذكر في كتب الرجال " سهل الفزاري " بالفاء " وسهل بن قلان القراري بالقاف وهو عندهم مجهول ، وأخشى أن يكون هو " سهل القراري " ، انظر أيضًا ابن أبي حاتم 2 / 1 / 206 ، وميزان الاعتدال 1 : 431 ، ولسان الميزان 3 : 123 . ومهما يكن ، فهذا خبر مرسل ، عن سعيد بن جبير .(5) الأثر : 17713 - " ابن فضيل " ، هو " محمد بن فضيل بن غزوان الضبي " ، ثقة ، روى له الجماعة ، مضى مرارًا كثيرة ، آخرها رقم : 14247 . وكان في المطبوعة والمخطوطة " أبو فضيل " وهو خطأ ، صوابه من تفسير ابن كثير 4 : 314 ، إذ نقل هذا الخبر عن هذا الموضع من التفسير . وأبوه : " فضيل بن غزوان الضبي " ، ثقة ، روى له الجماعة ، مضى برقم : 14247 . و" عمارة بن القعقاع الضبي " ، ثقة ، روى له الجماعة ، مضى برقم : 14203 ، 14209 ، 14715 . و" أبو زرعة بن عمرو بن جرير بن عبد الله البجلي " ، تابعي ثقة ، روى له الجماعة . مضى مرارًا آخرها رقم : 14715 ، وكان في المطبوعة والمخطوطة : " أبو زرعة ، عن عمرو بن حمزة " ، ومثله في المخطوطة ، و"حمزة " سيئة الكتابة وإنما هي " جرير " ، دخل حرف منها على حرف . وقد مضى الخطأ في اسمه مرارًا . وهذا إسناد صحيح .وخرجه السيوطي في الدر المنثور 3 : 310 ، وزاد نسبته إلى ابن أبي الدنيا ، وأبي الشيخ ، وابن مردويه ، والبيهقي .(6) الأثر : 17714 - سلف بيان رجاله في الإسناد السابق ، إلا أن أبا زرعة بن عمرو بن جرير ، لم يرو عن عمر إلا مرسلا ، فهو إسناد جيد إلا أنه منقطع .(7) "أفناء الناس" أخلاطهم ، ومن لا يدري من أي قبيلة هو . و"نوازع القبائل" جمع "نازع" على غير قياس ، وهم الغرباء الذين يجاورون قبائل ليسوا منهم . وإنما قلت : "جمع على غير قياس " لأن المشهور "نزاع القبائل" كما ورد في حديث آخر . و"فاعل" الصفة للمذكر ، لا يجمع عندهم على "فواعل" إلا سماعًا ، نحو "فوارس" و"هوالك" .(8) في المطبوعة : "لم يتصل " ، والصواب من المخطوطة ومسند أحمد(9) الأثر: 17715- " بحر بن نصر بن سابق الخولاني المصري " شيخ الطبري ، ثقة مضى برقم : 3841 ، 10588 ، 10647 ، وكان في المطبوعة هنا " الحسن بن نصر الخولاني " لا أدري من أين جاء به هكذا، فأصاب بعض الصواب ؟ وهذا عجب . أما المخطوطة ، ففيها ا"لحسن بن الخولاني " ، والصواب ما أثبت . وروايته عن "يحيى بن حسان" مضت برقم : 2643، إلا أنه وقع هناك خطأ أيضًا في اسمه ، فكتب " يحيى بن نصر" ، وقد خبطنا في تصحيفه خبط عشواء ، والصواب " بحر بن نصر " فليصحح هناك . و"يحيى بن حسان التنيسي المصري " ، ثقة ، مضى برقم : 2643 ، والراوي عنه هناك " بحر بن نصر" أيضًا ، كما سلف . و"عبد الحميد بن بهرام الفزاري " ، ثقة ، وثقه أحمد وغيره ، مضى مرارًا ، آخرها رقم : 17417. و"شهر بن حوشب" مضى مرارًا كثيرة ، ومضى توثيقه ، وثقه أخي أحمد السيد ، رحمه الله وغفر له . و" عبد الرحمن بن غنم الأشعري " ، مختلف في صحبته ، ويعد من الطبقة الأولى من التابعين ، بعثه عمر بن الخطاب يفقه الناس ، ولازم معاذ بن جبل ، وكان أفقه أهل الشام ، وهو الذي فقه عامة التابعين بالشام ، وكان له جلالة وقدر . وأبو مالك الأشعري " هو المشهور بكنيته ، والمختلف في اسمه ، صحابي ، مترجم في الإصابة والتهذيب وسائر الكتب . وهذا خبر صحيح الإسناد . رواه أحمد في مسنده مطولا 5 : 343 ، وخرجه السيوطي في الدر المنثور 3 : 310 ، وزاد نسبته إلى ابن أبي الدنيا في كتاب الإخوان ، وابن أبي حاتم ، وابن مردويه ، والبيهقي .(10) في المطبوعة والمخطوطة " أن يتقبل" ، والصواب ما أثبت.

قوله تعالى : ( ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون ) واختلفوا فيمن يستحق هذا الاسم . قال بعضهم : هم الذين ذكرهم الله تعالى فقال :

استئناف للتصريح بوعد المؤمنين المعرَّض به في قوله : { إلاَّ كنا عليكم شهوداً إذ تفيضون فيه وما يعزب عن ربك } [ يونس : 61 ] الآية ، وبتسلية النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم على ما يلاقيه من الكفار من أذى وتهديد ، إذ أعلن الله للنبيء والمؤمنين بالأمن من مخافة أعدائهم ، ومن الحزن من جراء ذلك ، ولمح لهم بعاقبة النصر ، ووعدهم البشرى في الآخرة وعداً لا يقبل التغيير ولا التخلف تطميناً لنفوسهم ، كما أشعر به قوله عقبه { لا تَبديل لكلمات الله }.وافتتاح الكلام بأداة التنبيه إيماء إلى أهمية شأنه ، كما تقدم في قوله : { ألا إنهم هم المفسدون } في سورة [ البقرة : 12 ] ، ولذلك أكدت الجملة بإنَّ } بعد أداة التنبيه .وفي التعبير ب { أولياء الله } دون أن يؤتى بضمير الخطاب كما هو مقتضى وقوعه عقب قوله : { وما تعملون من عمل } [ يونس : 61 ] يؤذن بأن المخاطبين قد حق لهم أنهم من أولياء الله مع إفادة حكم عام شملهم ويشمل من يأتي على طريقتهم .وجملة : { لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون } خبر { إن }.والخوف : توقع حصول المكروه للمتوقِّع ، فيتعدى بنفسه إلى الشيء المتوقَّع حصوله . فيقال : خاف الشيْء ، قال تعالى : { فلا تخافوهم وخَافون } [ آل عمران : 175 ]. وإذا كان توقع حصول المكروه لغير المتوقع يقال للمتوقَّع : خاف عليه ، كقوله تعالى : { إني أخاف عليكم عذاب يوم عظيم } [ الشعراء : 135 ].وقد اقتضى نظم الكلام نفي جنس الخوف لأن ( لا ) إذا دخلت على النكرة دلت على نفي الجنس ، وأنها إذا بني الاسم بعدها على الفتح كان نفي الجنس نصاً وإذا لم يُبنَ الاسم على الفتح كان نفي الجنس ظاهراً مع احتمال أن يراد نفي واحد من ذلك الجنس إذا كان المقام صالحاً لهذا الاحتمال ، وذلك في الأجناس التي لها أفراد من الذوات مثل رجل ، فأما أجناس المعاني فلا يتطرق إليها ذلك الاحتمال فيستوي فيها رفع اسم ( لا ) وبناؤه على الفتح ، كما في قول إحدى نساء حديثثِ أم زرع «زوجي كلَيْللِ تهامة لا حَرّ ولا قرّ ولا مخافة ولا سآمة» فقد رويت هذه الأسماء بالرفع وبالبناء على الفتح .فمعنى { لا خوف عليهم } أنهم بحيث لا يخاف عليهم خائف ، أي هم بمأمننٍ من أن يُصيبهم مكروه يُخاف من إصابة مِثلِه ، فهم وإن كانوا قد يهجس في نفوسهم الخوف من الأعداء هجساً من جبلة تأثر النفوس عند مشاهدة بوادر المخافة ، فغيرهم ممن يَعلم حالهم لا يَخَاف عليهم لأنه ينظر إلى الأحوال بنظر اليقين سَليماً من التأثر بالمظاهر ، فحالهم حال من لا ينبغي أن يخاف ، ولذلك لا يَخاف عليهم أولياؤهم لأنهم يأمنون عليهم من عاقبة ما يتوجَّسون منه خيفة ، فالخوف الذي هو مصدر في الآية يقدر مضافاً إلى فاعله وهو غيرهم لا محالة ، أي لا خوف يخافه خائف عليهم ، وهم أنفسهم إذا اعتراهم الخوف لا يلبث أن ينقشع عنهم وتحل السكينة محله ، كما قال تعالى :{ وضاقت عليكم الأرض بما رحبت ثم وليتم مدبرين ثم أنزل الله سكينته على رسوله وعلى المؤمنين } [ التوبة : 25 ، 26 ] ، وقال لموسى : { لا تَخاف دَرَكا ولا تخشى } [ طه : 77 ] ، وقال : { إن الذين اتقوا إذا مسهم طائف من الشيطان تذكروا فإذا هم مبصرون }. وكان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم بدر يدعو الله بالنصر ويكثر من الدعاء ويقول : « اللهم إن تهلك هذه العصابة لم تعبد في الأرض » ثم خرج وهو يقول : { سيهزم الجمع ويولون الدبر } [ القمر : 45 ].ولهذا المعنى الذي أشارت إليه الآية تغير الأسلوب في قوله : { ولا هم يحزنون } فأسند فيه الحزن المنفي إلى ضمير { أولياء الله } مع الابتداء به ، وإيراد الفعل بَعده مسنداً مفيداً تقوي الحكم ، لأن الحزن هو انكسار النفس من أثر حصول المكروه عندها فهو لا توجد حقيقته إلا بعد حصوله ، والخوف يكون قبل حصوله ، ثم هم وإن كانوا يحزنون لما يصيبهم من أمور في الدنيا كقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم « وإنّا لفراقك يا إبراهيم لمحزنون » فذلك حزن وجداني لا يستقر بل يزول بالصبر ، ولكنهم لا يلحقهم الحزن الدائم وهو حزن المذلة وغلبة العدو عليهم وزوال دينهم وسلطانهم ، ولذلك جيء في جانب نفي الحزن عنهم بإدخال حرف النفي على تركيب مفيد لتقوي الحكم بقوله : { ولا هم يحزنون } لأن جملة : { هم يحزنون } يفيد تقديم المسند إليه فيها تقوي الحكم الحاصل بالخبر الفعلي ، فالمعنى لا يحصل لهم خوف متمكن ثابت يبقى فيهم ولا يجدون تخلصاً منه .فالكلام يفيد أن الله ضمن لأوليائه أن لا يحصل لهم ما يخافونه وأن لا يحل بهم ما يحزنهم . ولما كان ما يُخاف منه من شأنه أن يُحزن من يصيبه كان نفي الحزن عنهم مؤكِّداً لمعنى نفي خوف خائف عليهم . وجمهور المفسرين حملوا الخوف والحزن المنفيين على ما يحصل لأهل الشقاوة في الآخرة بناء على أن الخوف والحزن يحصلان في الدنيا ، كقوله : { فأوجس في نفسه خيفة موسى } [ طه : 67 ]. وقد علمت ما يُغني عن هذا التأويل ، وهو يبعد عن مفاد قوله : { لهم البشرى في الحياة الدنيا وفي الآخرة }.والولي : الموالي ، أي المحالف والناصر . وكلها ترجع إلى معنى الوَلْي ( بسكون اللام ) ، وهو القرب وهو في معنى الولي كلها قرب مجازي . وتقدم في قوله تعالى : { قل أغير الله اتخذ ولياً } في سورة [ الأنعام : 14 ]. وهو قرب من الجانبين ، ولذلك فسروه هنا بأنه الذي يتولى الله بالطاعة ويتولاه الله بالكرامة .

يخبر تعالى عن أوليائه وأحبائه، ويذكر أعمالهم وأوصافهم، وثوابهم فقال‏:‏ ‏{‏أَلَا إِنَّ أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهِ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ‏}‏ فيما يستقبلونه مما أمامهم من المخاوف والأهوال‏.‏ ‏{‏وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ‏}‏ على ما أسلفوا، لأنهم لم يسلفوا إلا صالح الأعمال، وإذا كانوا لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون، ثبت لهم الأمن والسعادة، والخير الكثير الذي لا يعلمه إلا الله تعالى‏.‏

قوله تعالى ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنونقوله تعالى ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم أي في الآخرة . ولا هم يحزنون لفقد الدنيا . وقيل : لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون أي من تولاه الله تعالى وتولى حفظه وحياطته ورضي عنه فلا يخاف يوم القيامة ولا يحزن ; قال الله تعالى : إن الذين سبقت لهم منا الحسنى أولئك عنها أي عن جهنم ( مبعدون ) إلى قوله لا يحزنهم الفزع الأكبر [ ص: 267 ] وروى سعيد بن جبير أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سئل : من أولياء الله ؟ فقال : الذين يذكر الله برؤيتهم . وقال عمر بن الخطاب ، في هذه الآية : سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول : إن من عباد الله عبادا ما هم بأنبياء ولا شهداء تغبطهم الأنبياء والشهداء يوم القيامة لمكانهم من الله تعالى . قيل : يا رسول الله ، خبرنا من هم وما أعمالهم فلعلنا نحبهم . قال : هم قوم تحابوا في الله على غير أرحام بينهم ولا أموال يتعاطون بها فوالله إن وجوههم لنور وإنهم على منابر من نور لا يخافون إذا خاف الناس ولا يحزنون إذا حزن الناس ثم قرأ ألا إن أولياء الله لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون . وقال علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه : أولياء الله قوم صفر الوجوه من السهر ، عمش العيون من العبر ، خمص البطون من الجوع ، يبس الشفاه من الذوي . وقيل : لا خوف عليهم في ذريتهم ؛ لأن الله يتولاهم . ولا هم يحزنون على دنياهم لتعويض الله إياهم في أولاهم وأخراهم لأنه وليهم ومولاهم .

Giving the call for Truth is a very difficult task. The preacher has to totally devote himself to Truth alone, and only then can he become a preacher (da‘i), in the true sense. When the preacher presents God’s religion in its original form and makes it very clear with the help of sound reasoning, then all those who follow their self-made religion become perturbed and infuriated. Showing themselves to be pious established leaders, they try to degrade the preacher. They treat everything, such as baseless propaganda, conspiracies, even violent actions as all being permissible in opposing him. The freedom granted to them in the present world gives them the opportunity to go on doing whatever they want to do against the preacher. A stage comes when all the power of materialism is ranged against the preacher’s arguments. And because the preacher’s opponents are vested with so much worldly power, they feel they can suppress his voice. This state of affairs is undoubtedly very trying. For it happens that, on the one hand, the opponents of Truth appear to be successful and thus become emboldened. On the other hand an errant thought crosses the mind of the preacher: ‘Is God neutral on this issue? Has He disassociated Himself after drawing me into this battle between truth and falsehood?’ But this is not so. It is not possible that God would cease to support the truth. The opponent’s becoming bereft of sound reasoning and all the strength of reasoning being totally on the side of the preacher are sure proofs that God is with the preacher of Truth. It is so, because reason is God’s representative in the present world. If anyone has the power of reasoning, then it is as if God is with him. The opponents have the opportunity of committing aggression and violence, simply due to the freedom given to them for the sake of testing them. As soon as the world of trial comes to an end, this position will change. At that time superiority and respect will be accorded to those who took a stand on the basis of reasoning, while others who failed to do so will be dishonoured. The group of true preachers of God are the friends of God. God gives them good news of a sublime life in the Hereafter in which they neither suffer any regrets about their past life nor have any fears about their future life.

Commentary In the verses cited above, particular merits, definition and identity of the Auliya' of Allah have been mentioned. Also given there is good news for them in the present world as well as in the Hereafter. The text says that they will have no apprehensions of facing some unpleasant or unforeseen happening, nor will they grieve over the non-fulfillment of some objective. These Auliya' of Allah (men of Allah) will be people who believed and remained pious, righteous and God fearing. They are most welcome in this world and in the next world both. We have to consider three things at this point: 1. What is the meaning of Auliya' of Allah having no fear and grief? 2. What is the definition of Auliya' of Allah? How does one identify them? 3. What does the good news given to them in Dunya and Akhirah mean? First of all, the Auliya' of Allah have no fear or grief. This could possibly mean when they are admitted to their allocated place in Paradise, after having gone through the accounting of deeds in the Hereafter, they will stand delivered from fear and grief forever. They will have no apprehension of any pain or anxiety nor will they have to grieve for having lost something dear to them. Instead, the blessings of Paradise will be everlasting. Given this sense, there is no difficulty in rationalizing the subject of the verse. But, it does, however, raise a question. If this be the case, it registers no peculiarity of the Auliya' of Allah. In fact, all people of Paradise who stand delivered from Hell will be enjoying that very state of being. Yes, it can, then, be said that those who ultimately reach Paradise will all be known as the Auliya' of Allah invariably. No matter how different their deeds had been in the mortal world but, once they have entered Paradise, all of them will be counted among the Auliya' of Allah. But, many commentators say that freedom from fear and grief with which the Auliya' of Allah are blessed is common to the present world and the Hereafter both. The thing unique about the Auliya' of Allah is that they remain protected from fear and grief even in the present world, and that they will have no fear and grief in the Hereafter is something everyone knows. So, included therein are all people of Para-dise. Apart from that, in terms of relevant prevailing conditions, we have yet another difficulty on our hands. Observations in the world of our experience bear out that - not to mention the Auliya' of Allah - even the Prophets of Allah, may peace be on them, are not secure from fear and grief in this mortal world. In fact, their fear of and humbleness before Allah is far more pronounced as compared to others. It was said in the Qur'an: إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّـهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ (Among Our servants only those who have knowledge (really) fear Allah - 35:28). At another place, the emotional state of the righteous and the men of Allah has been de-scribed in the following words: وَالَّذِينَ هُم مِّنْ عَذَابِ رَ‌بِّهِم مُّشْفِقُونَ ﴿27﴾ إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَ‌بِّهِمْ غَيْرُ‌ مَأْمُونٍ ﴿28﴾ (And those who are fearful of the punishment of their Lord - indeed, the punishment of their Lord is not to be un-fearful of - 70:27) that is, no one can sit home comfortably in the knowledge that it is due to come. This is borne by facts as well as it appears in a Hadith of Shama'il al-Tirmidhi: ` The Holy Prophet ﷺ would more than often look concerned and pensive'. And he himself said, ` I fear Allah more than all of you.' There are countless events relating to Sayyidna Abu Bakr, Sayyidna ` Umar and the rest of the Sahabah ؓ ، the Tabi` in and the wide spectrum of the men of Allah which tell us how intensely they grieved and how genuinely they feared what would happen to them in the Hereafter. Therefore, ` Allamah 'Alusi has said in Ruh al-Ma'ani: That the Auliya' Allah are protected against fear and grief in the mortal world has to be seen in terms of what usually happens here. There are things worldly people generally fear or grieve about most of the time. They are chronically addicted to their mundane agenda of life. They have to have convenience, comfort, wealth and recognition. The slightest shortfall in any of these makes them nervous as if they were going to die without that. The fear of a minor discomfort or anxiety drives them crazy and they will go about finding ways and means to get rid of such irritants. The station of the Auliya', friends or men of Allah is way higher. In their sight, convenience, comfort, wealth and recognition one surrounds himself with in this transitory world are not worth their while that they go about acquiring these. Nor do they care much about the anxieties of the mundane and see no need to beef up their defenses against these. Their life style admits of nothing but the recognition of His greatness and love for Him. So overshadowed they are with the fear of Allah and their humbleness before Him that they just have no use for worldly sorrow and comfort or profit and loss. Now we can go to the matter of the definition of Auliya' Allah and the marks of their identification. The word: اولیاء (Auliya' ) is the plural form of: ولی (waliyy, commonly rendered as the simpler: wall, which bypasses the need to render the doubling of the y ā sound at the end shown by the addition of a or two, as purists would prefer to do). The word: ولی (waliyy) is used in the Arabic language in the dual sense of ` near' as well as ` friend' or someone held ` dear.' The common degree of nearness and love as related to Allah Ta` ala is such as would not leave any living entity, human or non-human, exempt from it. If this element of nearness were not there, nothing would have come into being in this universe. The real justification for the existence of this entire universe is that particular interrelationship which it has been al-lowed to have by Allah in His absolute majesty. Though, no one has understood the reality of this interrelationship, nor is it possible to do so, but that a non-definable interrelationship does exist is certain. However, this degree is not what is actually meant in the term: Auliya' Allah. In fact, there is yet another degree of friendship, love and nearness that is specific to particular servants of Allah Ta` ala. This is known as nearness in love. Those who are blessed with this nearness are called the Auliya' Allah. This has been succinctly articulated in a Qudsi Hadith where Allah Ta` ala says, ` My servant keeps earning My nearness through voluntary acts of worship (nafl ` ibadat) until I too turn to him in love and when I love him, I become his ear - whatever he hears, he hears through Me. I become his eye - whatever he sees, he sees through Me. I become his hands and feet - whatever he does, he does through Me.' In short, it means that virtually nothing issues forth from such a person against the pleasure of his Lord. The degrees of this unique Wilayah (station of nearness or friend-ship) are endless. Its highest degree is for the blessed prophets be-cause every prophet has to be, of necessity, a Waliyy of Allah. In this degree, the highest station belongs to the foremost among prophets, Sayyidna Muhammad al-Mustafa ﷺ . Then, the lowest degree of this Wilayah, in the terminology of the noble Sufis, is known as the degree of Fan-a' (self-elimination: I am nothing - He is everything). It makes the heart of man become so engrossed in the thought of Allah Ta` ala that it would not allow any love rooted in this world to overcome it. When such a person loves, he loves for the sake of Allah. When he hates, he hates for the sake of Allah. His own person plays no part in this love and hate cycle, the inevitable outcome of which is that he keeps busy in his quest for the pleasure of Allah Ta` ala both outwardly and inwardly. This style of living makes him avoid everything which is not liked in the sight of Allah Ta` ala. The sign of this state of existence is abundance of Dhikr and constancy in obedience - in other words, to remember Allah Ta` ala abundantly and profusely, and to obey His in-junctions always, and under all conditions and circumstances. When these two attributes are present in a person, he is called a Waliyy of Allah. Whoever does not have any one of the two is not included in that category. Then, whoever has both, there is no limit to his ranks, lower and higher. It is in terms of these degrees that the ranks of Auliya' Allah precede or succeed each other. On the authority of a narration from Sayyidna Abu Hurairah ؓ ، it has been reported in a IIadith that the Holy Prophet ﷺ was asked as to who were the people meant by Auliya' Allah' in this verse? He said, ` those who love each other only for Allah - without having any worldly interest in between.' (Mazhari, quoted from Ibn Marduwayh). It is obvious that this condition can apply only to those who have been mentioned above. At this stage, we have another question before us: What is the method of acquiring this degree of Wilayah (nearness to Allah)? Respected commentator, Qadi Thana'ullah Panipati has said in Tafsir Mazhari: Individuals from the Muslim Ummah could acquire this degree of Wilayah only through the company of the Holy Prophet ﷺ . It is from here that the profound relationship with Allah, which was part of the blessed persona of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is partly passed on to the Auliya' of the Ummah, of course, depending on their ambition and capacity for whatever portion from it falls to their lot. Then, we know that this benefit of companionship was available to the Sahabah without anyone being in between. Therefore, the degree of their Wilayah was higher than that of all Auliya' and aqtab (plural of qutb, literally axis, meaning a man of Allah who stays at one place, as in Sufi orders). Later people derive this benefit through one or more intermediaries. The more the intermediaries, the more pro-nounced becomes the difference. Only those who are colored with the color of the word, deed and message of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and follow his Sunnah, in all love and obedience, can become such an intermediary. Going to them, frequenting their company with the added practice of listening to their good counsel, remaining obedient and remembering Allah abundantly - this is the blueprint of attaining the degree of Wilayah. It is made of three parts. One: Being in the company of a Waliyy of Allah. Two: Remaining obedient to his good counsel. Three: Remembering Allah abundantly (Dhikrullah) - with the condition that this abundance (and nature) of Dhikr must be in accordance with the masnun method. The reason is that Dhikr, when frequent and sincere, adds to the luster of the mirror of the heart and it becomes worthy of receiving reflections from the light of Wilayah. It appears in Hadith that everything has a method of furbishing it. Dhikrullah furbishes the heart. The same thing has been reported by al-Baihagi as based on a narration from Sayyidna Ibn ` Umar ؓ . (Mazhari) Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn Masud ؓ عنہما said that a person asked the Holy Prophet ﷺ ` what would you say about a person who loves someone spiritually noble but is unable to reach up to his level in terms of his own deeds?' He said: اَلمَرَء مَعَ مَن اَحَبَّ that is, ` everyone shall be with one he loves'. This tells us that the love and company of the Auliya' Allah is a source of acquiring Wilayah (nearness to Allah). Al-Baihaqi (in Shu'ab al-'Iman) has reported that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said to Sayyidna Razin ؓ tell you about a principle of Faith. With it you can attain success in Dunya. and Akhirah: Take to the company of ahl adh-Dhikr (people who remember Allah) as indispensable, and When you are alone, move your tongue with the Dhikr of Allah, as much as you can. Whoever you love, do it for Allah. Whoever you hate, do it for Allah. (Mazhari) But, in order to be beneficial, this ` company' has to be of those who are, in themselves, the Waliyy of Allah and staunch followers of Sunnah. Those who do not observe and follow the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ (and do not demonstrate by their word and deed that they are operating under it) are themselves deprived of the essential degree of Wilayah. It does not matter if many a contrahabitual wonders (kashf and karamat) issue forth from them. They will still be considered deprived. However, if someone is a Waliyy in terms of the stated attributes - even though, nothing of the sort has ever issued forth from him - he is a Waliyy of Allah. (Mazhari) Now we come to the last point. What are the signs of the Auliya' Allah? How can they be identified? A Qudsi Hadith referred to in Tafsir Mazhari points out in this direction. Allah Ta` ala said: ` From among My servants, My Auliya' are those who are remembered when I am remembered and when they are remembered I am remembered.' According to a narration from Sayyidah Asma' bint Yazid reported in Ibn Majah, the Holy Prophet ﷺ gave the identity of Auliya' Allah by saying: الذین اذا رُؤُا ذُکِرَ اللہُ (those who, when one sees them, remind of Allah). In short, there is someone by sitting in whose company one gets the taufiq of remembering Allah (Dhikr), and relief from worldly concerns, then, this is a sign of his being a Waliyy of Allah. It has been said in Tafsir Mazhari: There is a prevailing assumption among masses that things like getting to know what is hidden (kashf), doing some extraordinary things (karamah) or claiming to be aware of what is al-Ghayb (Unseen) are signs of someone being among the Auliya' of Allah. This is nothing but error and self-deception. There are thousands of Auliya' who are not credited with anything like this, that could be termed as authentically proved while, in sharp contrast, reports of things otherwise hidden and unseen are accredited to those whose very basic 'Iman (belief) is not correct!

(Lo! verily the) believing (friends of Allah are (those) on whom fear (cometh) not) regarding any future punishment, (nor do they grieve) about that which they have left behind.

Assuredly God�s friends, no fear shall befall them, neither shall they grieve.Sahl said:They are those whom the Messenger of God described, saying, �When they are seen, God is remembered.� They are those who strive in God�s cause, who outstrip others in their [journeying]towards Him, and whose actions are constantly in conformity (muwāfaqa). Those are the true believers [8:4].And he [Sahl] said:All goodness comes together in four things, and through these they [believers] become �Substitutes�(abdāl): an empty stomach, seclusion from people, the night vigil, and observing silence.He was asked why the Substitutes (abdāl) are called Substitutes. He answered:It is because they substitute their spiritual states (aḥwāl) [one for another]. They have submitted their bodies to the vigour (ḥīl) in their innermost secrets (asrār). Then they move from state (ḥāl) to state, and from knowledge (ʿilm) to knowledge, so that they are constantly increasing in the knowledge of that which is between them and their Lord.He was asked, �Who are more excellent, the Mainstays (awtād) or the Substitutes (abdāl)?� He answered, �The mainstays�. Then he was asked, �And how is that?� He replied:It is because the Mainstays have already arrived and their principles (arkān) are well established, whereas the Substitutes move from state to state.[On this subject] Sahl also said:I have met with one thousand five hundred veracious [servants of God] (ṣiddīq) among whom were forty Substitutes (abdāl) and seven Mainstays (awtād), and I found their way (ṭarīqa) and method (madhhab) to be the same as that which I follow.Furthermore, he used to say, �I am the proof of God (ḥujjat Allāh) against you in particular and against the people in general.�It was [Sahl�s] way and his conduct to be full of gratitude and remember [God] a great deal. He was also constant in observing silence and reflection. He would dispute little and was of a generous spirit. He led people through his good character, mercy and compassion for them, and by giving them good counsel. He held fast to the principle[s] (aṣl) [of religion] while putting into practice [the rules] that are derived from it (farʿ). Truly God filled his heart with light, and invested his speech with wisdom. He was among the best of Substitutes, and if we include him among the Mainstays he was the Axis (quṭb) around which the millstone [of the world] revolves.