Verse display
قَالَ هَلۡ عَلِمۡتُم مَّا فَعَلۡتُم بِیُوسُفَ وَأَخِیهِ إِذۡ أَنتُمۡ جَـٰهِلُونَ ۝٨٩
qāla hal ʿalim'tum mā faʿaltum biyūsufa wa-akhīhi idh antum jāhilūn
Joseph / Yusuf (12:89)
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

Abdel Haleem

View translator profile →
He said, ‘Do you now realize what you did to Joseph and his brother when you were ignorant?’
qāla hal ʿalim'tum mā faʿaltum biyūsufa wa-akhīhi idh antum jāhilūn

Support the Author

As an Amazon Associate, ParallelQuran earns from qualifying purchases.

Qur'an Tools

Tafsir Commentary

Yusuf reveals His True Identity to His Brothers and forgives Them Allah says, when Yusuf's brothers told him about the afflictions and hardship, and shortages in food they suffered from in the aftermath of the drought that struck them, and he remembered his father's grief for losing his two children, he felt compassion, pity and mercy for his father and brothers. He felt this way, especially since he was enjoying kingship, authority and power, so he cried and revealed his true identity to them when he asked them, هَلْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَّا فَعَلْتُم بِيُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ إِذْ أَنتُمْ جَـهِلُونَ (Do you know what you did with Yusuf and his brother, when you were ignorant) meaning, `when you separated between Yusuf and his brother,' إِذْ أَنتُمْ جَـهِلُونَ (when you were ignorant) He said, `What made you do this is your ignorance of the tremendous sin you were about to commit.' It appears, and Allah knows best, that Yusuf revealed his identity to his brothers only then by Allah's command, just as he hid his identity from them in the first two meetings, by Allah's command. When the affliction became harder, Allah sent His relief from that affliction, just as He said He does, فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْراً - إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْراً (Verily, along with every hardship is relief. Verily, along with every hardship is relief.)94:5-6 This is when they said to Yusuf, أَءِنَّكَ لاّنتَ يُوسُفُ (Are you indeed Yusuf), in amazement, because they had been meeting him for more than two years while unaware of who he really was. Yet, he knew who they were and hid this news from them. Therefore, they asked in astonishment, أَءِنَّكَ لاّنتَ يُوسُفُ قَالَ أَنَاْ يُوسُفُ وَهَـذَا أَخِى (Are you indeed Yusuf He said: "I am Yusuf, and this is my brother...") Yusuf said next, قَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَآ `(Allah has indeed been gracious to us.) by gathering us together after being separated all this time,' إِنَّهُ مَن يَتَّقِ وَيِصْبِرْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَقَالُواْ تَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ آثَرَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا ("Verily, he who has Taqwa, and is patient, then surely, Allah makes not the reward of the gooddoers to be lost." They said: "By Allah! Indeed Allah has preferred you above us.") They affirmed Yusuf's virtue above them, being blessed with beauty, conduct, richness, kingship, authority and, above all, prophethood. They admitted their error and acknowledged that they made a mistake against him, قَالَ لاَ تَثْرَيبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ (He said: "No reproach on you this day.") He said to them, `There will be no blame for you today or admonishment, and I will not remind you after today of your error against me.' He then multiplied his generosity by invoking Allah for them for mercy, يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَحِمِينَ (may Allah forgive you, and He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy!)
Then he said to them in rebuke ‘Do you realise what you did to Joseph in the way of beating him and selling him and otherwise and his brother oppressing him after having separated him from his brother while you were ignorant?’ of where the affair of Joseph will lead?
As for his statement, 'Do you realise what you did to Joseph and his brother [�]ḍ, this is an allusion to the descent of the heart to their station in the locus of the breast so that they might recognise him and remember their state at the beginning and what they did to him during the time of ignorance and misguidedness.
As for his statement, 'Do you realise what you did to Joseph and his brother [�]ḍ, this is an allusion to the descent of the heart to their station in the locus of the breast so that they might recognise him and remember their state at the beginning and what they did to him during the time of ignorance and misguidedness.
فلما سمع مقالتهم رقَّ لهم، وعرَّفهم بنفسه وقال: هل تذكرون الذي فعلتموه بيوسف وأخيه من الأذى في حال جَهْلكم بعاقبة ما تفعلون؟
يقول تعالى مخبرا عن يوسف عليه السلام أنه لما ذكر له إخوته ما أصابهم من الجهد والضيق وقلة الطعام وعموم الجدب وتذكر أباه وما هو فيه من الحزن لفقد ولديه مع ما هو فيه من الملك والتصرف والسعة فعند ذلك أخذته رقة ورأفة ورحمة وشفقة على أبيه لإخوته وبدره البكاء فتعرف إليهم فيقال إنه رفع التاج عن جبهته وكان فيها شامة وقال " هل علمتم ما فعلتم بيوسف وأخيه إذ أنتم جاهلون " أعني كيف فرقوا بينه وبين أخيه " إذ أنتم جاهلون " أي إنما حملكم على هذا الجهل بمقدار هذا الذي ارتكبتموه كما قال بعض السلف كل من عصى الله فهو جاهل وقرأ " ثم إن ربك للذين عملوا السوء بجهاله " الآية والظاهر والله أعلم أن يوسف عليه السلام إنما تعرف إليهم بنفسه بإذن الله تعالى له في ذلك كما أنه إنما أخفى منهم نفسه في المرتين الأوليين بأمر الله تعالى له في ذلك والله أعلم ولكن لما ضاق الحال واشتد الأمر فرج الله تعالى من ذلك الضيق كما قال تعالى " فإن مع العسر يسر إن مع العسر يسرا ".
ويبدو أن يوسف - عليه السلام - قد تأثر بما أصابهم من ضر وضيق حال ، تأثراً جعله لا يستطيع أن يخفى حقيقته عنهم أكثر من ذلك ، فبادرهم بقوله : ( قَالَ هَلْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَّا فَعَلْتُم بِيُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ إِذْ أَنتُمْ جَاهِلُونَ ) .أى : قال لهم يوسف - عليه السلام - على سبيل التعريض بهم ، والتذكير بأخطائهم : هل علمتم ما فعلتموه بيوسف وأخيه من أذى وعدوان عليهما ، وقت أن كنتم تجهلون سوء عاقبة هذا الأذى والعدوان .قالوا : وقوله هذا يدل على سمو أخلاقه حتى لكأنه يلتمس لهم العذر ، لأن ما فعلوه معه ومع أخيه كان فى وقت جهلهم وقصور عقولهم ، وعدم علمهم بقبح ما أقدموا عليه . . .وقيل : نفى عنهم العلم وأثبت لهم الجهل ، لأنهم لم يعملوا بمقتضى علمهم .والأول أولى وأقرب إلى ما يدل عليه سياق الآيات بعد ذلك ، من عفوه عنهم ، وطلب المغفرة لهم .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : قَالَ هَلْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَا فَعَلْتُمْ بِيُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ إِذْ أَنْتُمْ جَاهِلُونَ (89)قال أبو جعفر: ذكر أن يوسف صلوات الله عليه لما قال له إخوته: يَا أَيُّهَا الْعَزِيزُ مَسَّنَا وَأَهْلَنَا الضُّرُّ وَجِئْنَا بِبِضَاعَةٍ مُزْجَاةٍ فَأَوْفِ لَنَا الْكَيْلَ وَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَيْنَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَجْزِي الْمُتَصَدِّقِينَ ، أدركته الرقّة وباح لهم بما كان يكتمهم من شأنه، كما:-19789- حدثنا ابن حميد ، قال، حدثنا سلمة ، عن ابن إسحاق قال، ذكر لي أنهم لما كلموه بهذا الكلام غلبته نفسه ، فارفضَّ دمعه باكيًا ، ثم باح لهم بالذي يكتم منهم ، فقال: ( هل علمتم ما فعلتم بيوسف وأخيه إذ أنتم جاهلون ) ؟ ولم يعن بذكر أخيه ما صنعه هو فيه حين أخذه ، ولكن للتفريق بينه وبين أخيه ، إذ صنعوا بيوسف ما صنعوا.19790- حدثنا ابن وكيع ، قال، حدثنا عمرو ، قال، حدثنا أسباط ، عن السدي: فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ قَالُوا يَا أَيُّهَا الْعَزِيزُ مَسَّنَا وَأَهْلَنَا الضُّرُّ ، الآية ، قال:فرحمهم عند ذلك ، فقال لهم: ( هل علمتم ما فعلتم بيوسف وأخيه إذ أنتم جاهلون ) ؟* * *قال أبو جعفر: فتأويل الكلام:هل تذكرون ما فعلتم بيوسف وأخيه ، إذ فرقتم بينهما وصنعتم ما صنعتم إذ أنتم جاهلون؟ يعني في حال جهلكم بعاقبة ما تفعلون بيوسف ، وما إليه صائر أمره وأمركم.
( قال هل علمتم ما فعلتم بيوسف وأخيه إذ أنتم جاهلون ) اختلفوا في السبب الذي حمل يوسف على هذا القول قال ابن إسحاق : ذكر لي أنهم لما كلموه بهذا الكلام أدركته الرقة فارفض دمعه ، فباح بالذي كان يكتم منهم .وقال الكلبي : إنما قال ذلك حين حكى لإخوته أن مالك بن ذعر قال : إني وجدت غلاما في بئر ، من حاله كيت وكيت ، فابتعته بكذا درهما فقالوا : أيها الملك ، نحن بعنا ذلك الغلام ، فغاظ يوسف ذلك وأمر بقتلهم فذهبوا بهم ليقتلوهم ، فولى يهوذا وهو يقول : كان يعقوب يحزن ويبكي لفقد واحد منا حتى كف بصره ، فكيف إذا أتاه قتل بنيه كلهم ثم قالوا له : إن فعلت ذلك فابعث بأمتعتنا إلى أبينا فإنه بمكان كذا وكذا ، فذلك حين رحمهم وبكى ، وقال ذلك القول .وقيل : قاله حين قرأ كتاب أبيه إليه فلم يتمالك البكاء فقال : هل علمتم ما فعلتم بيوسف وأخيه إذ فرقتم بينهما ، وصنعتم ما صنعتم إذ أنتم جاهلون بما يئول إليه أمر يوسف وقيل : مذنبون وعاصون . وقال الحسن : إذ أنتم شباب ومعكم جهل الشباب .فإن قيل : كيف قال ما فعلتم بيوسف وأخيه ، وما كان منهم إلى أخيه ، وهم لم يسعوا في حبسه قيل : قد قالوا له في الصاع : ما يزال لنا بلاء ، وقيل : ما رأينا منكم يا بني راحيل خيرا . وقيل : لما كانا من أم واحدة كانوا يؤذونه من بعد فقد يوسف .
الاستفهام مستعمل في التوبيخ .و { هل } مفيدة للتحْقيق لأنها بمعنى { قد } في الاستفهام . فهو توبيخ على ما يعلمونه محققاً من أفعالهم مع يوسف عليه السلام وأخيه ، أي أفعالهم الذميمة بقرينة التوبيخ ، وهي بالنسبة ليوسف عليه السلام واضحة ، وأما بالنسبة إلى بنيامين فهي ما كانوا يعاملونه به مع أخيه يوسف عليه السلام من الإهانة التي تنافيها الأخوة ، ولذلك جعل ذلك الزمن زمن جهالتهم بقوله : { إذ أنتم جاهلون }.وفيه تعريض بأنهم قد صلح حالهم من بعد . وذلك إما بوحي من الله إن كان صار نبيئاً أو بالفراسة لأنه لما رآهم حريصين على رغبات أبيهم في طلب فداء ( بنيامين ) حين أُخذ في حكم تهمة السرقة وفي طلب سراحه في هذا الموقف مع الإلحاح في ذلك وكان يعرف منهم معاكسة أبيهم في شأن بنيامين علم أنهم ثابوا إلى صلاح .وإنما كاشفهم بحاله الآن لأن الاطلاع على حاله يقتضي استجلاب أبيه وأهله إلى السكنى بأرض ولايته ، وذلك كان متوقفاً على أشياء لعلها لم تتهيأ إلا حينئذٍ . وقد أشرنا إلى ذلك عند قوله تعالى : { قال معاذ الله أن نأخذ إلا من وجدنا متاعنا عنده } [ يوسف : 79 ] فقد صار يوسف عليه السلام جِدّ مكين عند فرعون .وفي الإصحاح ( 45 ) من سفر التكوين أن يوسف عليه السلام قال لإخوته حينئذٍ وهو أي الله قد جعلني أباً لفرعون وسيداً لكل بيته ومتسلطاً على كل أرض مصر . فالظاهر أن الملك الذي أطلق يوسف عليه السلام من السجن وجعله عزيز مصر قد توفّي وخلفه ابن له فجبه يوسفُ عليه السلام وصار للملك الشاب بمنزلة الأب ، وصار متصرّفاً بما يريد ، فرأى الحال مساعداً لجلب عشيرته إلى أرض مصر .ولا تعرف أسماء ملوك مصر في هذا الزمن الذي كان فيه يوسف عليه السلام لأن المملكة أيامئذٍ كانت منقسمة إلى مملكتين : إحداهما ملوكها من القبط وهم الملوك الذين يُقسهم المؤرخون الإفرنج إلى العائلات الخامسة عشرة ، والسادسة عشرة ، والسابعة عشرة ، وبعض الثامنة عشرة .والمملكة الثانية ملوكها من الهكسوس ، ويقال لهم : العمالقة أو الرعاة وهم عَرب .ودام هذا الانقسام خمسمائة سنة وإحدى عشرة سنة من سنة ( 2214 ) قبل المسيح إلى سنة ( 1703 ) قبل المسيح .
{ قال هَلْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَا فَعَلْتُمْ بِيُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ } أما يوسف فظاهر فعلهم فيه، وأما أخوه، فلعله والله أعلم قولهم: { إِنْ يَسْرِقْ فَقَدْ سَرَقَ أَخٌ لَهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ } أو أن الحادث الذي فرَّق بينه وبين أبيه، هم السبب فيه، والأصل الموجب له. { إِذْ أَنْتُمْ جَاهِلُونَ } وهذا نوع اعتذار لهم بجهلهم، أو توبيخ لهم إذ فعلوا فعل الجاهلين، مع أنه لا ينبغي ولا يليق منهم.
قوله تعالى : قال هل علمتم ما فعلتم بيوسف وأخيه استفهام بمعنى التذكير والتوبيخ ، وهو الذي قال الله : لتنبئنهم بأمرهم هذا الآية .إذ أنتم جاهلون دليل على أنهم كانوا صغارا في وقت أخذهم ليوسف ، غير أنبياء ; لأنه لا يوصف بالجهل إلا من كانت هذه صفته ; ويدل على أنه حسنت حالهم الآن ; أي فعلتم ذلك إذ أنتم صغار جهال ; قال معناه ابن عباس والحسن ; ويكون قولهم : وإن كنا لخاطئين على هذا ، لأنهم كبروا ولم يخبروا أباهم بما فعلوا حياء وخوفا منه . وقيل : جاهلون بما تئول إليه العاقبة . والله أعلم .
‘God does not waste the reward of those who do good, who are righteous and steadfast.’ This is the moral lesson and substance of the whole story of Joseph. Almighty God wanted to set a clear example showing that one who adopts the God-fearing way in his worldly dealings and who avoids the ways of impatience will ultimately achieve success with His help. Joseph’s story was made a tangible example of this reality. In Egypt, the first seven years of prosperity and the succeeding seven years of scarcity had both occurred at the instance of God. Had it been the will of God, He would have made all the years prosperous years. Similarly, the incidents of Joseph’s being pushed into the well and his coming out of it and reaching Egypt both occurred under the watchful eye of God. Had God so desired, He would have arranged for Joseph to acquire a position of authority in Egypt without making him pass through the stage of being abandoned in a dry well. But, if these extraordinary incidents had not occurred, then in this world of ‘cause and affect’ how could he have established the example of the fact that He helps those who place their trust in Him and adhere to the path of righteousness and patience? There are two types of incidents: one which has an element of fame attaching to it and the other, which has no such element. Both incidents may be similar in nature, but one becomes famous while the other one remains unknown. God’s succour of this same nature may also be received by any number of righteous people. But the special feature of God’s succour in the case of Joseph was that it had a legendary quality about it, and that is why it came to be so widely known and appreciated.
Commentary Mentioned in the verses appearing above is the remaining part of the story of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) and his brothers. It tells us that Sayyidna Ya` qub (علیہ السلام) asked his sons to go and search Yusuf (علیہ السلام) and his brother. So they travelled to Egypt for a third time - because they knew that Benyamin was there and they had to try to get him released first. As for Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) ، though his presence in Egypt was not known to them but, when the time comes for something to happen, human plans too start falling in place, unconsciously and without an intentional effort. This is confirmed by a Hadith which says: When Allah Ta’ ala intends to do something, He makes its causes get together automatically. Therefore, to search Yusuf (علیہ السلام) too, the very travel to Egypt was appropriate, though taken up unconsciously. Then, they needed food grains, after all. And yet another factor was that they hoped to see the ` Aziz of Misr on the pretext of their request for food grains, when they could put forward their plea for the release of Benyamin. The first verse (88) begins with the words: فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ قَالُوا (And when they came to him, they said...). It means: When the brothers of Yusuf (علیہ السلام) reached Egypt as ordered by their father and met the ` Aziz of Misr, they talked to him in a flattering tone. Presenting their need and helplessness, they told the ` Aziz that they and their family were suffering because of the famine, so much so that they did not have even adequate funds to purchase food grains. Compelled by circumstance, they had brought a capital which was not good enough for that purpose. Thus, their request was that, given his generosity, he should accept whatever they had and give them the full measure of grains as is usually given against things of good value. Not being their right in any way, they pleaded that the grains should be given to them as if given in charity because ` Allah rewards the charitable.' What was this ` capital of very little worth'? The Qur'an and Hadith have not clarified it. The sayings of the commentators differ. Some say that they were bad dirhams which were not acceptable in the open market. Others say that this comprised of household articles. This expression - ` capital of very little worth' - is a translation of the meaning of the word: مُّزْجَاةٍ ('muzjatin' ) which really means something which does not move on its own, but has to be moved by someone else forcefully. When Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) heard these submissive words from his brothers and saw their broken-down condition, he was naturally coming to a point where he would have no option but to disclose the truth as it was. And the drift of events was showing that the restriction placed by Allah Ta` ala on Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) that he would not disclose the truth of the matter about himself was not going to be there anymore for the time had come close when it would be taken back. Based on a narration of Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ ، it has been reported in Tafsir al-Qurtubi and Mazhari that Sayyidna Ya` qub (علیہ السلام) had, on this occasion, sent a letter in writing and had addressed it to the ` Aziz of Misr. The letter said: "From Ya` qub Safi Allah Ibn Ishaq Dhabih Allah Ibn Ibrahim Khalil Allah to the ` Aziz of Misr. After offering praise to Allah: Our entire family is known for hardships and trials. My grandfather, Ibrahim Khalil Allah was tested through the fire of Nimrud. Then, my father, Ishaq was put to a hard test. Then, I was tested through a son of mine whom I held very dear - to the limit that I lost my eyesight when separated from him. After that, there was his younger brother, a source of comfort for me in my grief, whom you arrested on a charge of theft. And let me tell you that we are the progeny of prophets. Never have we committed a theft, nor has there ever been a thief among our children. And peace on you!" When Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) read this letter, he trembled and broke into tears and decided to let his secret out. To start with, he first asked his brothers if they remembered what they had done with Yusuf and his brother at a time when they were ignorant, unable to distinguish between good and bad, and quite neglectful of acting with foresight. When his brothers heard his question, they were dumbfounded. What has the ` Aziz of Misr got to do with the story of Yusuf (علیہ السلام) ? Then, they recollected the dream seen by young Yusuf (علیہ السلام) the interpretation of which was that he would achieve some high rank and they would have to bow down before him. Could it be that this ` Aziz of Misr is none else but Yusuf (علیہ السلام) himself? Then, as they exerted and deliberated a little more, they recognized him by some signs. Still, to confirm it further, they asked him:
(He said) Joseph said to them: (Know ye what ye did unto Joseph and his brother in your ignorance) when you were ignorant youth?