Explained in Detail, Revelations Well Expounded — Verse 27

The intimate Companions of the Idolators make Evil Actionsattractive to Them Allah tells us that He is the One Who sends theidolators astray, and that this happens by His will and decree. He isthe All-Wise in His actions, when He appoints for them closecompanions from among the devils of men and Jinn. فَزَيَّنُواْ لَهُم مَّا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ (who have made fair seeming to them, what was before them and what was behind them.) means, they made their deeds attractive to them in the past. As far as the future is concerned, they only see themselves as doing good, as Allah says: وَمَن يَعْشُ عَن ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَـنِ نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَاناً فَهُوَ لَهُ قَرِينٌ - وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَصُدُّونَهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُم مُّهْتَدُونَ (And whosoever turns away blindly from the remembrance of the Most Gracious, We appoint for him a Shaytan to be a companion for him. And verily, they hinder them from the path, but they think that they are guided aright!) (43:36-37) وَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ (And the Word is justified against them) means, the Word of torment, just as it was justified against the nations of the past who did what they did, men and Jinn alike. إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ خَـسِرِينَ (Indeed they (all) were the losers.) means, they are all equal in terms of loss and being doomed. How the disbelievers advised One Another not to listen to the Qur'an, and the Recompense for that وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لاَ تَسْمَعُواْ لِهَـذَا الْقُرْءَانِ (And those who disbelieve say: "Listen not to this Qur'an...") means, they advised one another not to pay heed to the Qur'an or obey its commands. وَالْغَوْاْ فِيهِ (and make noise in the midst of its) means, when it is recited, do not listen to it. This was the view of Mujahid. "And make noise in the midst of its (recitation)" means whistling and trying to make the Messenger of Allah ﷺ confused when he recited Qur'an, which is what the Quraysh did. لَعَلَّكُمْ تَغْلِبُونَ (that you may overcome.) means, this is the practice of these ignorant disbelievers and those who follow in their footsteps, when they hear the Qur'an. Allah commanded us to be different from that, and said: وَإِذَا قُرِىءَ الْقُرْءَانُ فَاسْتَمِعُواْ لَهُ وَأَنصِتُواْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ (So, when the Qur'an is recited, listen to it, and be silent that you may receive mercy.) (7:204). Then Allah says: فَلَنُذِيقَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ عَذَاباً شَدِيداً (But surely, We shall cause those who disbelieve to taste a severe torment, ) meaning, in return for what they do when they hear the Qur'an. وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الَّذِى كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ (and certainly, We shall requite them the worst of what they used to do.) means, for their evil deeds. ذَلِكَ جَزَآءُ أَعْدَآءِ اللَّهِ النَّارُ لَهُمْ فِيهَا دَارُ الخُلْدِ جَزَآءً بِمَا كَانُوا بِـَايـتِنَا يَجْحَدُون - وَقَال الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَرِنَا اللَّذَيْنِ أَضَلَّـنَا مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالإِنسِ نَجْعَلْهُمَا تَحْتَ أَقْدَامِنَا لِيَكُونَا مِنَ الاٌّسْفَلِينَ (That is the recompense of the enemies of Allah: the Fire. Therein will be for them the eternal home, a recompense for that they used to deny Our Ayat. And those who disbelieve will say: "Our Lord! Show us those among Jinn and men who led us astray, that we may crush them under our feet so that they become the lowest.") It was reported that `Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said, concerning the phrase, اللَّذَيْنِ أَضَلَّـنَا (those who led us astray): "Iblis and the son of Adam who killed his brother." As-Suddi reported that `Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said; "Iblis is followed by everyone who commits Shirk and the son of Adam is followed by everyone who commits a major sin. So Iblis is the one who calls people to every evil thing, such as Shirk and lesser sins." As for the first son of Adam, it is as confirmed in the Hadith: «مَا قُتِلَتْ نَفْسٌ ظُلْمًا إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ الْأَوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دَمِهَا،لِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْل» (No soul is wrongfully killed, but a share of the burden of that sin will be upon the first son of Adam, because he was the first one who set the precedent of killing another.) نَجْعَلْهُمَا تَحْتَ أَقْدَامِنَا (that we may crush them under our feet) means, `make them beneath us in the torment, so that they will be punished more severely than us.' لِيَكُونَا مِنَ الاٌّسْفَلِينَ (so that they become the lowest.) means, in the lowest level of Hell, as already mentioned in Al-A`raf, where the followers ask Allah to multiply the torment for their leaders: قَالَ لِكُلٍّ ضِعْفٌ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَعْلَمُونَ ((Allah) said: "For each one there is double (torment), but you know not.") (7:38) i.e., Allah will give each of them the torment and punishment they deserve for their deeds. This is like the Ayah: الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَصَدُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ زِدْنَـهُمْ عَذَابًا فَوْقَ الْعَذَابِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يُفْسِدُونَ (Those who disbelieved and hinder (men) from the path of Allah, for them We will add torment to the torment because they used to spread corruption.) (16:88).

God exalted be He says regarding them But verily We will make those who disbelieve taste a severe chastisement and We will verily requite them the worst of what they used to do in other words with the worst requital for their deeds.

فلنذيقن الذين قالوا هذا القول عذابًا شديدًا في الدنيا والآخرة، ولنجزينهم أسوأ ما كانوا يعملون من السيئات.

ثم قال عز وجل منتصرا للقرآن ومنتقما ممن عاداه من أهل الكفران "فلنذيقن الذين كفروا عذابا شديدا" أي في مقابلة ما اعتمدوه في القرآن وعند سماعه "ولنجزينهم أسوأ الذي كانوا يعملون" أي بشر أعمالهم وسيء أفعالهم.

وقد رد - سبحانه - على فعلهم هذا بما يناسبه من تهديد فقال : ( فَلَنُذِيقَنَّ الذين كَفَرُواْ عَذَاباً شَدِيداً وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الذي كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ ) .أى : فوالله لنجعلن الذين كفروا بهذا القرآن والذين شوشوا على قارئيه بالصياح والاستهزاء ، لنجعلنهم يذوقون العذاب الذى يهينهم ، ويحسون به إحساسا أليما . ولنجزينهم فى الآخرة الجزاء المناسب لقبح أعمالهم التى عملوها فى الدنيا .قال الآلوسى : قوله - تعالى - : ( وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الذي كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ ) أى : جزاء سيئات أعمالهم التى هى فى أنفسها أسوأ ، فأفعل للزيادة المطلقة وقيل : إنه - سبحانه - لا يجازيهم بمحاسن كإغاثة الملهوف ، وصلة الأرحام وإكرام الضيف . . لأن هذه الأعمال قد حبطت بسبب كفرهم . .وقال الجمل فى حاشيته : وفى هذا تعريض بمن لا يكون عند سماعه لكلام الله خاضعا خاشعا متفكرا متدبرا . وتهديد ووعيد شديد لمن يصدر عنه عند سماعه ما يشوش على القارئ ويخلط عليه القراءة ، فانظر إلى عظمة القرآن المجيد ، وتأمل فى هذا التغليظ والتشديد ، واشهد لمن عظمه وأجل قدره ، وألفى إليه السمع وهو شهيد ، بالفوز العظيم .

قال الله جل ثناؤه: ( فَلَنُذِيقَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ) بالله من مشركي قريش الذين قالوا هذا القول عذابا شديدا في الآخرة ( وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الَّذِي كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ ) يقول: ولنثيبنهم على فعلهم ذلك وغيره من أفعالهم بأقبح جزاء أعمالهم التي عملوها في الدنيا.

( فلنذيقن الذين كفروا عذابا شديدا ولنجزينهم أسوأ الذي ) يعني بأسوأ الذي ، أي : بأقبح الذي ، ( كانوا يعملون ) في الدنيا وهو الشرك بالله .

فَلَنُذِيقَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الَّذِي كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ (27) دلت الفاء على أن ما بعدها مفرع عما قبلها : فإمّا أن يكون تفريعاً على آخِر ما تقدم وهو قوله : { وقَالَ الذينَ كَفَرُوا لا تَسْمَعُوا لهذا القُرآن } [ فصلت : 26 ] الآية ، وإمّا أن يكون مفرعاً على جميع ما تقدم ابتداء من قوله : { وقالوا قلوبنا في أكِنَّة مما تَدْعُونا إليه } [ فصلت : 5 ] الآية وقوله : { فَإِنْ أَعْرضُوا } [ فصلت : 13 ] الآية وقوله : { ويَوْمَ نَحْشر أعداء الله إلى النَّار } [ فصلت : 19 ] الآية وقوله : { وَقَيَّضْنَا لهم قُرَنَاءَ } [ فصلت : 25 ] الآية وقوله : { وقال الذين كفروا لا تسمعوا } [ فصلت : 26 ] الخ . وعلى كلا الوجهين يتعين أن يكون المراد ب { الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا } هنا : المشركين الذين الكلام عنهم .ف { الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا } إظهار في مقام الإِضمار لقصد ما في الموصول من الإِيماء إلى علة إذاقة العذاب ، أي لكفرهم المحكي بعضه فيما تقدم . وإذاقة العذاب : تعذيبُهم ، استعير له الإِذاقة على طريق المكنية والتخييلة . والعذاب الشديد عن ابن عباس : أنه عذاب يوم بدر فهو عذاب الدنيا .وعطف { ولنَجْزِيَنَّهُم أسوَأَ الذي كانُوا يعمَلُونَ } عن ابن عباس : لنجزينهم أسوأ الذي كانوا يعملون في الآخرة . و { أسوَأَ الذي كانُوا يعمَلُونَ } منصوب على نزع الخافض . والتقدير : على أسوأ ما كانوا يعملون ، ولك أن تجعله منصوباً على النيابة عن المفعول المطلق تقديره : جزاء مماثلاً أسوأَ الذي كانوا يعملون .وأسوأ : اسم تفضيل مسلوب المفاضلة ، وإنما أريد به السّيىء ، فصيغ بصيغة التفضيل للمبالغة في سوئه . وإضافتُه إلى { الذي كانُوا يعمَلُونَ } من إضافة البعض إلى الكل وليس من إضافة اسم التفضيل إلى المفضل عليه .

ولما كان هذا ظلمًا منهم وعنادًا، لم يبق فيهم مطمع للهداية، فلم يبق إلا عذابهم ونكالهم، ولهذا قال: { فَلَنُذِيقَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الَّذِي كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ } وهو الكفر والمعاصي، فإنها أسوأ ما كانوا يعملون، لكونهم يعملون المعاصي وغيرها، فالجزاء بالعقوبة، إنما هو على عمل الشرك { وَلَا يَظْلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَدًا }

قوله تعالى : فلنذيقن الذين كفروا عذابا شديدا قد تقدم أن الذوق يكون محسوسا ، ومعنى العذاب الشديد : ما يتوالى فلا ينقطع . وقيل : هو العذاب في جميع أجزائهم . ولنجزينهم أسوأ الذي كانوا يعملون أي ولنجزينهم في الآخرة جزاء قبح أعمالهم التي عملوها في الدنيا . وأسوأ الأعمال الشرك .

‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas has explained that these words mean ‘to find fault’, i.e. attribute defects to the Quran and the possessor of the Quran and thus alienate people from both the book and the man (Tafsir ibn Kathir). There are two methods of expressing an opinion about a thing or a person—one is criticism and the other is denigration. Criticism means analysing the matter under consideration on the basis of facts. Contrary to this, denigration means desisting from presenting any arguments in connection with the matter under consideration and simply trying rather to find defects in it, cast a slur on it, thus making it the target of condemnation. The method of criticism is the most legitimate, while the method of ferretting out or imputing defects is the way of unbelievers. Moreover, the latter method amounts to denying the signs of God; because every true argument is a sign of God. Those people who do not bow down before an argument and try to belittle it by imputing defects to it and making false allegations against it are, in fact, denying the signs of God. Such people will be treated, in the Hereafter, as deserving of the severest punishment.

Commentary لَا تَسْمَعُوا لِهَـٰذَا الْقُرْ‌آنِ وَالْغَوْا فِيهِ (Do not listen to this Qur'an, and make noiseduring its recitation, - 41:26) When all the efforts of the disbelievers failed in confronting the Holy Qur'an, they started doing such mischievous acts as mentioned in this verse. Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ has stated that Abu Jahl got his people primed up and ready to make noises whenever Muhammad ﷺ recited the Qur'an, so that people might not find out what he is saying. Some have said that preparations were made to stop people from listening to the Qur'an by whistling, clapping and by making all sorts of noises during the recitation. It is Wajib (necessary) to listen quietly while Qur’ an is being recited; It is infidel's way not to remain quiet. It is learnt from the above verse that making noises with the intention of creating disturbance in the recitation of the Qur'an is a sign of disbelief. It is also known that to listen quietly to the recitation of the Qur'an is wajib (necessary) and a sign of faith. It has become a usual practice in our days that people put their radios (and cassette players) on where the Holy Qur'an is recited with loud voice, which can be heard in about every restaurant and place of gathering, while people go about their business never paying any attention to the Holy Qur'an. This practice presents a picture that was a sign of infidels. May Allah Almighty guide Muslims. They should either avoid the recitation of the Holy Qur'an at such places and on such occasions where people are unable to listen to it, or if they wish to benefit from the blessing of the recitation, they must listen to it quietly and attentively.

(But verily We shall cause those who disbelieve) Abu Jahl and his host (to taste an awful doom) in the life of the world, at Badr, (and verily We shall requite them the worst of what they used to do) the most evil of what they used to do in the life of the world.