Explained in Detail, Revelations Well Expounded — Verse 28

The intimate Companions of the Idolators make Evil Actionsattractive to Them Allah tells us that He is the One Who sends theidolators astray, and that this happens by His will and decree. He isthe All-Wise in His actions, when He appoints for them closecompanions from among the devils of men and Jinn. فَزَيَّنُواْ لَهُم مَّا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ (who have made fair seeming to them, what was before them and what was behind them.) means, they made their deeds attractive to them in the past. As far as the future is concerned, they only see themselves as doing good, as Allah says: وَمَن يَعْشُ عَن ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَـنِ نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَاناً فَهُوَ لَهُ قَرِينٌ - وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَصُدُّونَهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُم مُّهْتَدُونَ (And whosoever turns away blindly from the remembrance of the Most Gracious, We appoint for him a Shaytan to be a companion for him. And verily, they hinder them from the path, but they think that they are guided aright!) (43:36-37) وَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ (And the Word is justified against them) means, the Word of torment, just as it was justified against the nations of the past who did what they did, men and Jinn alike. إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ خَـسِرِينَ (Indeed they (all) were the losers.) means, they are all equal in terms of loss and being doomed. How the disbelievers advised One Another not to listen to the Qur'an, and the Recompense for that وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لاَ تَسْمَعُواْ لِهَـذَا الْقُرْءَانِ (And those who disbelieve say: "Listen not to this Qur'an...") means, they advised one another not to pay heed to the Qur'an or obey its commands. وَالْغَوْاْ فِيهِ (and make noise in the midst of its) means, when it is recited, do not listen to it. This was the view of Mujahid. "And make noise in the midst of its (recitation)" means whistling and trying to make the Messenger of Allah ﷺ confused when he recited Qur'an, which is what the Quraysh did. لَعَلَّكُمْ تَغْلِبُونَ (that you may overcome.) means, this is the practice of these ignorant disbelievers and those who follow in their footsteps, when they hear the Qur'an. Allah commanded us to be different from that, and said: وَإِذَا قُرِىءَ الْقُرْءَانُ فَاسْتَمِعُواْ لَهُ وَأَنصِتُواْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُرْحَمُونَ (So, when the Qur'an is recited, listen to it, and be silent that you may receive mercy.) (7:204). Then Allah says: فَلَنُذِيقَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ عَذَاباً شَدِيداً (But surely, We shall cause those who disbelieve to taste a severe torment, ) meaning, in return for what they do when they hear the Qur'an. وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَسْوَأَ الَّذِى كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ (and certainly, We shall requite them the worst of what they used to do.) means, for their evil deeds. ذَلِكَ جَزَآءُ أَعْدَآءِ اللَّهِ النَّارُ لَهُمْ فِيهَا دَارُ الخُلْدِ جَزَآءً بِمَا كَانُوا بِـَايـتِنَا يَجْحَدُون - وَقَال الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ رَبَّنَآ أَرِنَا اللَّذَيْنِ أَضَلَّـنَا مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالإِنسِ نَجْعَلْهُمَا تَحْتَ أَقْدَامِنَا لِيَكُونَا مِنَ الاٌّسْفَلِينَ (That is the recompense of the enemies of Allah: the Fire. Therein will be for them the eternal home, a recompense for that they used to deny Our Ayat. And those who disbelieve will say: "Our Lord! Show us those among Jinn and men who led us astray, that we may crush them under our feet so that they become the lowest.") It was reported that `Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said, concerning the phrase, اللَّذَيْنِ أَضَلَّـنَا (those who led us astray): "Iblis and the son of Adam who killed his brother." As-Suddi reported that `Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said; "Iblis is followed by everyone who commits Shirk and the son of Adam is followed by everyone who commits a major sin. So Iblis is the one who calls people to every evil thing, such as Shirk and lesser sins." As for the first son of Adam, it is as confirmed in the Hadith: «مَا قُتِلَتْ نَفْسٌ ظُلْمًا إِلَّا كَانَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ الْأَوَّلِ كِفْلٌ مِنْ دَمِهَا،لِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَنَّ الْقَتْل» (No soul is wrongfully killed, but a share of the burden of that sin will be upon the first son of Adam, because he was the first one who set the precedent of killing another.) نَجْعَلْهُمَا تَحْتَ أَقْدَامِنَا (that we may crush them under our feet) means, `make them beneath us in the torment, so that they will be punished more severely than us.' لِيَكُونَا مِنَ الاٌّسْفَلِينَ (so that they become the lowest.) means, in the lowest level of Hell, as already mentioned in Al-A`raf, where the followers ask Allah to multiply the torment for their leaders: قَالَ لِكُلٍّ ضِعْفٌ وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَعْلَمُونَ ((Allah) said: "For each one there is double (torment), but you know not.") (7:38) i.e., Allah will give each of them the torment and punishment they deserve for their deeds. This is like the Ayah: الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ وَصَدُّواْ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ زِدْنَـهُمْ عَذَابًا فَوْقَ الْعَذَابِ بِمَا كَانُواْ يُفْسِدُونَ (Those who disbelieved and hinder (men) from the path of Allah, for them We will add torment to the torment because they used to spread corruption.) (16:88).

That severe chastisement and worst requital is the requital of God’s enemies jazā’u a‘dā’i the second hamza may be pronounced fully or replaced with a wāw — the Fire! al-nāru an explicative supplement to jazā’u ‘the requital’ alluded to by the demonstrative dhālika ‘that’. Therein will be their everlasting abode that is as a place of permanent residence from which there will be no removal as a requital jazā’an is in the accusative as a verbal noun from the implicit verbal action for their denial of Our signs for their denial of the Qur’ān.

هذا الجزاء الذي يُجزى به هؤلاء الذين كفروا جزاء أعداء الله النار، لهم فيها دار الخلود الدائم؛ جزاء بما كانوا بحججنا وأدلتنا يجحدون في الدنيا. والآية دالة على عظم جريمة من صرف الناس عن القرآن العظيم، وصدهم عن تدبره وهدايته بأيِّ وسيلة كانت.

أي بشر أعمالهم وسيء أفعالهم.

واسم الإِشارة فى قوله - تعالى - : ( ذَلِكَ جَزَآءُ أَعْدَآءِ الله . . . ) يعود إلى ما تقدم من العذاب الشديد المعد لهؤلاء الكافرين ، وهو مبتدأ ، وجملة ( ذَلِكَ جَزَآءُ أَعْدَآءِ ) خبره وقوله ( النار ) بدل أو عطف بيان .أى : ذلك العذاب الشديد الذى نذيقه للكافرين جزاء عادل لأعداء الله ، وهذا العذاب الشديد يتمثل فى النار التى أعدها - سبحانه - لهم .وجملة : ( لَهُمْ فِيهَا دَارُ الخُلْدِ ) مؤكدة لما قبلها . أى : لهم فى تلك النار الإِقامة الدائة الباقية المستمرة ، فهى بمثابة الدار المهيأة لسكنهم الدائم .وقوله - سبحانه - : ( جَزَآءً بِمَا كَانُوا بِآياتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ ) بيان لحكم الله العادل فيهم .أى : نجازيهم جزاء أليما بسبب جحودهم لآياتنا الدالة على وحدانيتنا وعلى صدق رسلان .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : ذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ النَّارُ لَهُمْ فِيهَا دَارُ الْخُلْدِ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ (28)يقول تعالى ذكره: هذا الجزاء الذي يجزى به هؤلاء الذين كفروا من مشركي قريش جزاء أعداء الله; ثم ابتدأ جلّ ثناؤه الخبر عن صفة ذلك الجزاء, وما هو فقال: هو النار, فالنار بيان عن الجزاء, وترجمة عنه, وهي مرفوعة بالردّ عليه; ثم قال: ( لَهُمْ فِيهَا دَارُ الْخُلْدِ ) يعني لهؤلاء المشركين بالله في النار دار الخلد يعني دار المكث واللبث, إلى غير نهاية ولا أمد; والدار التي أخبر جلّ ثناؤه أنها لهم في النار هي النار, وحسن ذلك لاختلاف اللفظين, كما يقال: لك من بلدتك دار صالحة, ومن الكوفة دار كريمة, والدار: هي الكوفة والبلدة, فيحسن ذلك لاختلاف الألفاظ, وقد ذكر لنا أنها في قراءة ابن مسعود: " ذَلكَ جَزَاءُ أعْدَاء اللهِ النَّارُ دَارُ الخُلْدِ" ففي ذلك تصحيح ما قلنا من التأويل في ذلك, وذلك أنه ترجم بالدار عن النار.وقوله: ( جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ ) يقول: فعلنا هذا الذي فعلنا بهؤلاء من مجازاتنا إياهم النار على فعلهم جزاء منا بجحودهم في الدنيا بآياتنا التي احتججنا بها عليهم.

( ذلك ) الذي ذكرت من العذاب الشديد ، ( جزاء أعداء الله ) ثم بين ذلك الجزاء فقال : ( النار ) أي : هو النار ، ( لهم فيها ) أي : في النار ، ( دار الخلد ) دار الإقامة لا انتقال منها ، ( جزاء بما كانوا بآياتنا يجحدون ) .

ذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ النَّارُ لَهُمْ فِيهَا دَارُ الْخُلْدِ جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا بِآَيَاتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ (28)والإِشارة ب { ذلك جَزَاءُ أعْدَاءِ الله } إلى ما تقدم وهو الجزاء والعذاب الشديد على أسوأ أعمالهم . وأعداءُ الله : هم المشركون الذين تقدم ذكرهم بقوله تعالى : { ويَوْمَ نَحْشُر أعْدَاءَ الله } [ فصلت : 19 ] .والنار عطف بيان من جَزَاءُ أعْدَاءِ الله } .و { دَارُ الخُلْدِ } : النار . فقوله : { لَهُمْ فِيهَا دَارُ الخُلْدِ } جَاء بالظرفية بتنزيل النار منزلة ظرف لدار الخلد وما دار الخلد إلاّ عين النار . وهذا من أسلوب التجريد ليفيد مبالغة معنى الخلد في النار . وهو معدود من المحسنات البديعية ، ومنه قوله تعالى : { لقد كان لكم في رسول اللَّه أسوة حسنة } [ الأحزاب : 21 ] وقول أبي حامد العتَّابي: ... وفي الرحمان للضعفاء كافيأي والرحمان كاف للضعفاء .و { الخلد } : طول البقاء ، وأطلق في اصطلاح القرآن على البقاء المؤبد الذي لا نهاية له .وانتصب { جَزَآءُ } على الحال من { دَارُ الخُلْدِ } . والباء للسببية . و ( ما ) مصدرية ، أي جزاء بسبب كونهم يجحدون بآياتنا .وصيغة المضارع في { يَجْحَدُونَ } دالّة على تجدد الجحود حيناً فحيناً وتكرره . وعدي فعل { يَجْحَدُونَ } بالباء لتضمينه معنى : يُكذِّبون . وتقديم { بآياتِنَا } للاهتمام وللرعاية على الفاصلة .

{ ذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ } الذين حاربوه، وحاربوا أولياءه، بالكفر والتكذيب، والمجادلة والمجالدة. { النَّارُ لَهُمْ فِيهَا دَارُ الْخُلْدِ } أي: الخلود الدائم، الذي لا يفتر عنهم العذاب ساعة، ولا هم ينصرون، وذلك { جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ } فإنها آيات واضحة، وأدلة قاطعة مفيدة لليقين، فأعظم الظلم وأكبر العناد، جحدها، والكفر بها.

قوله تعالى : ذلك جزاء أعداء الله النار أي ذلك العذاب الشديد ، ثم بينه بقوله " النار " وقرأ ابن عباس " ذلك جزاء أعداء الله النار دار الخلد " فترجم بالدار عن النار وهو مجاز الآية . و " ذلك " ابتداء و " جزاء " الخبر و " النار " بدل من جزاء أو خبر مبتدأ مضمر ، والجملة في موضع بيان للجملة الأولى .

‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas has explained that these words mean ‘to find fault’, i.e. attribute defects to the Quran and the possessor of the Quran and thus alienate people from both the book and the man (Tafsir ibn Kathir). There are two methods of expressing an opinion about a thing or a person—one is criticism and the other is denigration. Criticism means analysing the matter under consideration on the basis of facts. Contrary to this, denigration means desisting from presenting any arguments in connection with the matter under consideration and simply trying rather to find defects in it, cast a slur on it, thus making it the target of condemnation. The method of criticism is the most legitimate, while the method of ferretting out or imputing defects is the way of unbelievers. Moreover, the latter method amounts to denying the signs of God; because every true argument is a sign of God. Those people who do not bow down before an argument and try to belittle it by imputing defects to it and making false allegations against it are, in fact, denying the signs of God. Such people will be treated, in the Hereafter, as deserving of the severest punishment.

Commentary لَا تَسْمَعُوا لِهَـٰذَا الْقُرْ‌آنِ وَالْغَوْا فِيهِ (Do not listen to this Qur'an, and make noiseduring its recitation, - 41:26) When all the efforts of the disbelievers failed in confronting the Holy Qur'an, they started doing such mischievous acts as mentioned in this verse. Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ has stated that Abu Jahl got his people primed up and ready to make noises whenever Muhammad ﷺ recited the Qur'an, so that people might not find out what he is saying. Some have said that preparations were made to stop people from listening to the Qur'an by whistling, clapping and by making all sorts of noises during the recitation. It is Wajib (necessary) to listen quietly while Qur’ an is being recited; It is infidel's way not to remain quiet. It is learnt from the above verse that making noises with the intention of creating disturbance in the recitation of the Qur'an is a sign of disbelief. It is also known that to listen quietly to the recitation of the Qur'an is wajib (necessary) and a sign of faith. It has become a usual practice in our days that people put their radios (and cassette players) on where the Holy Qur'an is recited with loud voice, which can be heard in about every restaurant and place of gathering, while people go about their business never paying any attention to the Holy Qur'an. This practice presents a picture that was a sign of infidels. May Allah Almighty guide Muslims. They should either avoid the recitation of the Holy Qur'an at such places and on such occasions where people are unable to listen to it, or if they wish to benefit from the blessing of the recitation, they must listen to it quietly and attentively.

(That) which they will have in the life of the world (is the reward of Allah's enemies) and the reward of Allah's enemies in the Hereafter is: (the Fire. Therein) in the Fire (is their immortal home) they will abide therein for eternity; (payment forasmuch as they denied Our revelations) Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an.