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ءَاخِذِینَ مَاۤ ءَاتَىٰهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡۚ إِنَّهُمۡ كَانُوا۟ قَبۡلَ ذَ ٰلِكَ مُحۡسِنِینَ ۝١٦
ākhidhīna mā ātāhum rabbuhum innahum kānū qabla dhālika muḥ'sinīn
The Winnowing Winds, The Scatterers / adh-Dhariyat (51:16)
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Abdel Haleem

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They will receive their Lord’s gifts because of the good they did before
ākhidhīna mā ātāhum rabbuhum innahum kānū qabla dhālika muḥ'sinīn

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Tafsir Commentary

receiving ākhidhīna is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the person of the predicate of inna ‘truly’ what their Lord has given them of reward for indeed formerly before their entering Paradise they had been virtuous in the world.
إن الذين اتقوا الله في جنات عظيمة، وعيون ماء جارية، أعطاهم الله جميع مُناهم من أصناف النعيم، فأخذوا ذلك راضين به، فَرِحة به نفوسهم، إنهم كانوا قبل ذلك النعيم محسنين في الدنيا بأعمالهم الصالحة.
قال ابن جرير أي عاملين بما آتاهم الله من الفرائض "إنهم كانوا قبل ذلك محسنين" أي قبل أن يفرض عليهم الفرائض كانوا محسنين في الأعمال أيضا ثم روى عن ابن حميد حدثنا مهران عن سفيان عن أبي عمر عن مسلم البطين عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما في قوله تعالى "آخذين ما آتاهم ربهم" قال من الفرائض "إنهم كانوا قبل ذلك محسنين" قبل الفرائض يعملون وهذا الإسناد ضعيف ولا يصح عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما وقد رواه عثمان بن أبي شيبة عن معاوية بن هشام عن سفيان عن أبي عمر البزار عن مسلم البطين عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما فذكره والذي فسر به ابن جرير فيه نظر لأن قوله تبارك وتعالى "آخذين" حال من قوله في جنات وعيون فالمتقون في حال كونهم في الجنات والعيون آخذين ما آتاهم ربهم أي من النعيم والسرور والغبطة وقوله عز وجل "إنهم كانوا قبل ذلك" أي في الدار الدنيا "محسنين" كقوله جل جلاله "كلوا واشربوا هنيئا بما أسلفتم في الأيام الخالية" ثم إنه تعالى بين إحسانهم في العمل فقال جل وعلا.
( آخِذِينَ مَآ آتَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ ) أى : هم منعمون فى الجنات وما اشتملت عليه من عيون جارية ، حالة كونهم آخذين وقابلين لما أعطاهم ربهم من فضله وإحسانه .وقوله : ( إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مُحْسِنِينَ ) بمثابة التعليل لما قبله . أى : هم فى هذا الخير العميم من ربهم لأنهم ، كانوا قبل ذلك - أى : فى الدنيا - محسنين لأعمالهم ، ومؤدين لكل ما أمرهم به - سبحانه - بإتقان وإخلاص .
وقوله ( آخِذِينَ مَا آتَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ ) يقول تعالى ذكره: عاملين ما أمرهم به ربهم مؤدّين فرائضه.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن حُميد, قال: ثنا مهران, عن سفيان, عن أبي عمر, عن مسلم البطين, عن ابن عباس, في قوله ( آخِذِينَ مَا آتَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ ) قال: الفرائض.وقوله ( إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مُحْسِنِينَ ) يقول: إنهم كانوا قبل أن يفرض عليهم الفرائض محسنين, يقول: كانوا لله قبل ذلك مطيعين.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن حُميد, قال: ثنا مهران, عن سفيان, عن أبي عمر, عن مسلم البطين, عن ابن عباس ( إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مُحْسِنِينَ ) قال: قبل الفرائض محسنين يعملون.
( آخذين ما آتاهم ) أعطاهم ( ربهم ) من الخير والكرامة ( إنهم كانوا قبل ذلك ) قبل دخولهم الجنة ( محسنين ) في الدنيا .
آَخِذِينَ مَا آَتَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مُحْسِنِينَ (16(ومعنى { آخذين ما آتاهم ربهم } : أنهم قابلون ما أعطاهم ، أي راضون به فالأخذ مستعمل في صريحه وكنايته كناية رمزية عن كون ما يؤتَوْنه أكمل في جنسه لأن مدارك الجماعات تختلف في الاستجادة حتى تبلغ نهاية الجودة فيستوي الناس في استجادته ، وهي كناية تلويحية . وأيضاً فالأخذ مستعمل في حقيقته ومجازه لأن ما يؤتيهم الله بعضهم مما يُتناول باليد كالفواكه والشراب والرياحين ، وبعضه لا يتناول باليد كالمناظِر الجميلة والأصوات الرقيقة والكرامة والرضوان وذلك أكثر من الأول .فإطلاق الأخذ على ذلك استعارة بتشبيه المعقول بالمحسوس كقوله تعالى : { خُذوا ما آتيناكم بقوة } في سورة البقرة ( 63 ( ، وقوله : { وأمرْ قَومَك يأخذوا بأحسنها } في سورة الأعراف ( 145 ( .فاجتمع في لفظ { آخذين } كنايتان ومجاز . روى أبو سعيد الخدري عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم « أن الله تعالى يقول : يا أهل الجنة . فيقولون : لبيك ربنا وسعديك والخيرُ في يديك . فيقول : هل رضيتم؟ فيقولون : وما لنا لا نرضى يا ربنا وقد أعطيتنا ما لم تعط أحداً من خلقك فيقول : ألا أعطيكم أفضلَ من ذلك فيقولون : وأي شيء أفضل من ذلك؟ فيقول : أحُلّ عليكم رضواني فلا أسخط عليكم بعده أبداً » . وفي إيثار التعبير عن الجلالة بوصف ( ربّ ( مضاففٍ إلى ضمير المتقين معنى من اختصاصهم بالكرامة والإيماء إلى أن سبب ما آتاهم هو إيمانهم بربوبيته المختصة بهم وهي المطابقة لصفات الله تعالى في نفس الأمر .وجملة { إنهم كانوا قبل ذلك محسنين } تعليل لجملة { إن المتقين في جنات وعيون } ، أي كان ذلك جزاء لهم عن إحسانهم كما قيل للمشركين { ذوقوا فتنتكم } [ الذاريات : 14 ] . والمحسنون : فاعلو الحسنات وهي الطاعات .وفائدة الظرف في قوله : { قبلَ ذلك } أن يؤتى بالإشارة إلى ما ذكر من الجنات والعيون وما آتاهم ربهم مما لا عين رأتْ ولا أذن سمعت ولا خطر على قلب بشر فيحصل بسبب تلك الإشارة تعظيم شأن المشار إليه ، ثم يفاد بقوله { قبل ذلك } ، أي قبل التنعم به أنهم كانوا محسنين ،
{ آخِذِينَ مَا آتَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ } يحتمل أن المعنى أن أهل الجنة قد أعطاهم مولاهم جميع مناهم، من جميع أصناف النعيم، فأخذوا ذلك، راضين به، قد قرت به أعينهم، وفرحت به نفوسهم، ولم يطلبوا منه بدلاً، ولا يبغون عنه حولاً، وكل قد ناله من النعيم، ما لا يطلب عليه المزيد، ويحتمل أن هذا وصف المتقين في الدنيا، وأنهم آخذون ما آتاهم الله، من الأوامر والنواهي، أي: قد تلقوها بالرحب، وانشراح الصدر، منقادين لما أمر الله به، بالامتثال على أكمل الوجوه، ولما نهى عنه، بالانزجار عنه لله، على أكمل وجه، فإن الذي أعطاهم الله من الأوامر والنواهي، هو أفضل العطايا، التي حقها، أن تتلقى بالشكر [لله] عليها، والانقياد.والمعنى الأول، ألصق بسياق الكلام، لأنه ذكر وصفهم في الدنيا، وأعمالهم بقوله: { إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ } الوقت الذي وصلوا به إلى النعيم { مُحْسِنِينَ } وهذا شامل لإحسانهم بعبادة ربهم، بأن يعبدوه كأنهم يرونه، فإن لم يكونوا يرونه، فإنه يراهم، وللإحسان إلى عباد الله ببذل النفع والإحسان، من مال، أو علم، أو جاه أو نصيحة، أو أمر بمعروف، أو نهي عن منكر، أو غير ذلك من وجوه الإحسان وطرق الخيرات.حتى إنه يدخل في ذلك، الإحسان بالقول، والكلام اللين، والإحسان إلى المماليك، والبهائم المملوكة، وغير المملوكة من أفضل أنواع الإحسان في عبادة الخالق، صلاة الليل، الدالة على الإخلاص، وتواطؤ القلب واللسان.
آخذين نصب على الحال . ما آتاهم ربهم أي ما أعطاهم من الثواب وأنواع الكرامات ; قاله الضحاك . وقال ابن عباس وسعيد بن جبير : آخذين ما آتاهم ربهم أي عاملين بالفرائض .إنهم كانوا قبل ذلك أي قبل دخولهم الجنة في الدنيا محسنين بالفرائض . وقال ابن عباس : المعنى كانوا قبل أن يفرض عليهم الفرائض محسنين في أعمالهم .
To have a clear understanding of things of importance, seriousness and sincerity are essential. Those who are not serious pay no attention to reasons and justifications. So they are unable to understand the matter at hand. They ridicule it and try to show that it is not worthy of serious consideration. It is not possible to convince such people in any way. They will accept the truth only when their wrong approach brings down upon them overwhelming punishment, from which there will be no escape. Serious people behave quite differently from this, for their seriousness makes them cautious. And they have no trace of arrogance in them. The extreme intensity of their feelings makes them spend sleepless nights: their time is spent in remembering God. They do not consider their wealth the result of their hard work, but take it as a gift from God. That is why they think that others have as much right to a share in it as they themselves.
قُتِلَ الْخَرَّ‌اصُونَ (Death upon those who make conjectures - 51:10). The expression kharrasun is the plural of kharras which means one who estimates or say things by conjecture. In this context the word refers to those stubborn and obstinate infidels who, without any reason or evidence, say discordant things about the Messenger ﷺ . Thus it would not be out of turn to interpret kharrasun as kadhdhabun, meaning 'the great liars' as they are condemned, denounced, cursed and imprecated (Mazhari) in this statement. After the mention of infidels, several verses that follow describe the qualities of the righteous people and the pleasant consequences of their righteousness.
(Taking) content and pleased with (that which their Lord giveth them) in the Garden and it is also said that this means: they act upon that which their Lord commands them in the life of the world; (for lo! aforetime) before they were given this reward and honour (they were doers of good) they were good in their speech and action in the life of the world;
Qualities of Those Who have Taqwa and Their Reward Allah the Exalted informs about those who have Taqwa, that on the Day of their Return they will be amidst gardens and springs. To the contrary the miserable ones will be amidst torment, punishment, fire and chains. Allah said, ءَاخِذِينَ مَآ ءَاتَـهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ (Taking joy in the things which their Lord has given them.) His statement; ءَاخِذِينَ (Taking) describes the state of the people of Taqwa in the midst of gardens and springs. They will receive what their Lord gives them, meaning, delight, happiness and favors. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ (Verily, they were before that), in the life of the world, مُحْسِنِينَ (gooddoers) As He said: كُلُواْ وَاشْرَبُواْ هَنِيئَاً بِمَآ أَسْلَفْتُمْ فِى الاٌّيَّامِ الْخَالِيَةِ (Eat and drink at ease for that which you have sent on before you in days past!)(69:24) Allah the Exalted described the good acts that they performed, كَانُواْ قَلِيلاً مِّن الَّيْلِ مَا يَهْجَعُونَ (They used to sleep but little at night.) The scholars of Tafsir have two opinions about this: The First Opinion The first is that, they used to spend a little part of every night awake. Ibn `Abbas said, "Every night, they would worship Allah, even during a little part of the night." Qatadah narrated that Mutarrif bin `Abdullah said, "Hardly a night would pass by them that they did not pray to Allah the Exalted and Most Honored, either in the beginning, or the middle of it." Mujahid said, "Only a few nights, if any, would they sleep through the night until the morning without praying Tahajjud." Qatadah said similarly. Anas bin Malik and Abu Al-`Aliyah said, "They used to pray between Al-Maghrib and Al-`Isha'." The Second Opinion They used to spend a little part of the night in sleep. This was preferred by Ibn Jarir. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: كَانُواْ قَلِيلاً مِّن الَّيْلِ مَا يَهْجَعُونَ (They used to sleep but little by night), "They performed voluntary night prayer and would not sleep during the night except a little. They were active and would continue until they were seeking forgiveness right before dawn." `Abdullah bin Salam said, "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived at Al-Madinah, people quickly gathered around him and I was among them. When I saw his face, I knew that it was not the face of a liar. The first statement I heard from him was, «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَطْعِمُوا الطَّعَامَ، وَصِلُوا الْأَرْحَامَ، وَأَفْشُوا السَّلَامَ، وَصَلُّوا بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّاسُ نِيَامٌ، تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ بِسَلَام» (O people! Feed with food, keep relations to kith and kin, spread the Salam, pray at night while people are asleep, and you will enter Paradise in peace.)" Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ غُرَفًا يُرَى ظَاهِرُهَا مِنْ بَاطِنِهَا وَبَاطِنُهَا مِنْ ظَاهِرِهَا» (Verily, there are lofty rooms in Paradise in which their outside can be seen from inside and their inside from the outside.) Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari said, "Who are they for, O Allah's Messenger" He said, «لِمَنْ أَلَانَ الْكَلَامَ، وَأَطْعَمَ الطَّعَامَ، وَبَاتَ للهِ قَائِمًا وَالنَّاسُ نِيَام» (For those who use soft speech, feed food and spend the night in voluntary prayer while people are asleep.) Allah said: وَبِالاٌّسْحَـرِ هُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ (And in the hours before dawn, they were asking for forgiveness.) Mujahid and several others said: "They were performing Salah." Others said that they would stand in prayer during the night and delayed asking Allah for forgiveness until the latter hours before dawn. As Allah, the Exalted the Blessed, said; وَالْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ بِالاٌّسْحَارِ (And those who seek forgiveness during the last hours of the night.)(3:17); This is because it is better if asking for forgiveness is done while praying. It is confirmed in the Sahih collections as well as others, from several Companions, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَنْزِلُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ إِلَى سَمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا حِينَ يَبْقَى ثُلُثُ اللَّيْلِ الْأَخِيرُ، فَيَقُولُ: هَلْ مِنْ تَائِبٍ فَأَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِ. هَلْ مِنْ مُسْتَغْفِرٍ فَأَغْفِرَ لَهُ. هَلْ مِنْ سَائِلٍ فَيُعْطَى سُؤْلَهُ؟ حَتْى يَطْلُعَ الْفَجْر» (Allah, the Most High, descends each night to the lowest heaven when the last third of the night remains. He says, "Is there anyone who is repenting so that I may accept his repentance Is there anyone seeking forgiveness, so that I may forgive him Is there anyone asking of Me, so that I may grant him his request" until Fajr begins.) Many of the scholars of Tafsir said that when the Prophet Ya`qub said to his sons: سَوْفَ أَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكُمْ رَبِّى (I will ask my Lord for forgiveness for you)(12:98), he delayed doing so until the hours before dawn. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said, وَفِى أَمْوَلِهِمْ حَقٌّ لَّلسَّآئِلِ وَالْمَحْرُومِ (And in their wealth there was the right of the Sa'il and the Mahrum.) After Allah mentioned their quality of performing prayer, He then mentioned their quality of spending in charity and acts of compassion and kindness, وَفِى أَمْوَلِهِمْ حَقٌّ (And in their wealth there was the right), a designated part which they dedicated to the Sa'il and Mahrum. The Sa'il is the poor who begs others, and he has a due right. As for the Mahrum, Ibn `Abbas and Mujahid said, "He is the poor person who does not receive a stipend." Meaning he does not receive a stipend from the Muslim treasury, nor does he have a means of income, nor a profession. The Mother of the faithful, `A'ishah may Allah be pleased with her, said about the Mahrum, "He is the displaced, the one who does not have a profession to easily earn an income from." Qatadah and Az-Zuhri: "The Mahrum is the one who does not ask the people for anything." Az-Zuhri added that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «لَيْسَ الْمِسْكِينُ بِالطَّوَّافِ الَّذِي تَرُدُّهُ اللُّقْمَةُ وَاللُّقْمَتَانِ وَالتَّمْرَةُ وَالتَّمْرَتَانِ، وَلكِنِ الْمِسْكِينُ الَّذِي لَا يَجِدُ غِنًى يُغْنِيهِ وَلَا يُفْطَنُ لَهُ فَيُتَصَدَّقَ عَلَيْه» (The poor (Miskin) is not the one who goes round to the people and asks them for a mouthful or two or a date or two. But the poor is the one who does not have enough to satisfy his needs and whose condition is not known to others, so that others may give him something in charity.) This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs using another chain of narration. Allah's Signs on the Earth and in Mankind Allah the Exalted and the Blessed said next, وَفِى الاٌّرْضِ ءَايَـتٌ لِّلْمُوقِنِينَ (And on the earth are signs for those who have faith with certainty.) Allah says that there are signs on earth that testify to the might of the Creator and His boundless ability. These signs include what Allah placed on the earth, the various plants, animals, valleys, mountains, deserts, rivers and oceans. He also created mankind with different languages, colors, intentions and abilities, and a variety among them, differences in the power of understanding and comprehension, their deeds, and ultimately earning happiness or misery. Allah put every organ in their bodies in its rightful place where they most need it to be. So He said؛ وَفِى أَنفُسِكُمْ أَفَلاَ تُبْصِرُونَ (And also in yourselves. Will you not then see) Qatadah commented, "He who thinks about his own creation will realize that he was created with flexible joints so that it is easy for him to perform acts of worship." Allah the Exalted said next, وَفِى السَّمَآءِ رِزْقُكُمْ (And in the heaven is your provision,) meaning, rain, وَمَا تُوعَدُونَ (and that which you are promised.) meaning Paradise. This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and several others. Allah said: فَوَرَبِّ السَّمَآءِ وَالاٌّرْضِ إِنَّهُ لَحَقٌّ مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنَّكُمْ تَنطِقُونَ (Then by the Lord of the heaven and the earth, it is the truth, just as you can speak.) Allah is swearing by His honorable Self, all of the matters of the Judgement, Resurrection, and Recompense that they have been promised shall certainly occur. Therefore, it is the truth, there being no doubt about it, so do not doubt its coming, just as you do not doubt that you can speak When he would talk to one of his friends, Mu`adh used to say: "What I am saying is as true as your being here."