The Winnowing Winds, The Scatterers — Verse 25

When idh is an adverbial qualifier of hadīthu dayfi ‘the story of the guests’ they entered upon him and said ‘Peace!’ — in other words they said these very words. He said ‘Peace!’ — also these very words — These are an unfamiliar folk whom we do not know — he said this to himself qawmun munkarūna is the predicate of an implicit subject such as hā’ūlā’i ‘these are’.

هل أتاك -أيها الرسول- حديث ضيف إبراهيم الذين أكرمهم- وكانوا من الملائكة الكرام- حين دخلوا عليه في بيته، فحيَّوه قائلين له: سلامًا، فردَّ عليهم التحية قائلا سلام عليكم، أنتم قوم غرباء لا نعرفكم.

" الرفع أقوى وأثبت من النصب فرده أفضل من التسليم ولهذا قال تعالى "وإذا حييتم بتحية فحيوا بأحسن منها أو ردوها "فالخليل اختار الأفضل وقوله تعالى "قوم منكرون" وذلك أن الملائكة وهم جبريل وميكائيل وإسرافيل قدموا عليه في صورة شبان حسان عليهم مهابة عظيمة ولهذا قال "قوم منكرون".

والظرف فى قوله : ( إِذْ دَخَلُواْ عَلَيْهِ . . ) متعلق بلفظ ( حَدِيثُ ) السابق .أى : هل بلغك حديثهم الواقع فى وقت دخولهم عليه . . . أو بمحذوف تقديره : اذكر ، أى : اذكر وقت أن دخلوا عليه ( عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُواْ سَلاَماً ) ، أى : فقالوا نسلم عليك سلاما .( قَالَ سَلاَمٌ قَوْمٌ مُّنكَرُونَ ) أى : قال إبراهيم فى جوابه عليهم : عليكم سلام ، أنتم قوم منكرون أى : غير معروفين لى قبل ذلك .قال صاحب الكشاف : أنكرهم للسلام الذى هو علم الإسلام ، أو أراد أنهم ليسوا من معارفه ، أو من جنس الناس الذين عهدهم . . . أو رأى لهم حالا وشكلا خلاف حال الناس وشكلهم ، أو كان هذا سؤالا لهم ، كأنه قال : أنتم قوم منكرون فعرفونى من أنتم . .وقيل : إن إبراهيم قد قال ذلك فى نفسه ، والتقدير : هؤلاء قوم منكرون ، لأنه لم يرهم قبل ذلك .وقال إبراهيم فى جوابه عليهم ( سَلاَمٌ ) بالرفع ، لإفادة الدوام والثبات عن طريق الجملة الاسمية ، التى تدل على ذلك ، وللإشارة إلى أدبه معهم ، حيث رد على تحيتهم بأفضل منها .

وقوله ( إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ ) يقول: حين دخل ضيف إبراهيم عليه, فقالوا له سلاما: أي أسلموا إسلاما, قال سلام.واختلفت القرّاء في قراءة ذلك, فقرأته عامة قرّاء المدينة والبصرة, قال ( سَلامٌ ) بالألف بمعنى قال: إبراهيم لهم سلام عليكم. وقرأ ذلك عامة قرّاء الكوفة ( سِلْمٌ ) بغير ألف, بمعنى, قال: أنتم سلم.وقوله ( قَوْمٌ مُنْكَرُونَ ) يقول: قوم لا نعرفكم, ورفع ( قَوْمٌ مُنْكَرُونَ) بإضمار أنتم.

( إذ دخلوا عليه فقالوا سلاما قال سلام قوم منكرون ) أي : غرباء لا نعرفكم ، قال ابن عباس : قال في نفسه هؤلاء قوم لا نعرفهم . وقيل : إنما أنكر أمرهم لأنهم دخلوا عليه من غير استئذان . وقال أبو العالية : أنكر سلامهم في ذلك الزمان وفي تلك الأرض .

إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا سَلَامًا قَالَ سَلَامٌ قَوْمٌ مُنْكَرُونَ (25(وظرفُ { إذ دخلوا عليه } يتعلق ب { حديثُ } لما فيه من معنى الفعل ، أي خَبرهم حين دخلوا عليه .وقوله : { فقالوا سلاماً قال سلام } تقدم نظيره في سورة هود . وقرأ الجمهور : { قال سلام } . وقرأه حمزة والكسائي { قال سِلْم } بكسر السين وسكون اللام .وقوله : { قوم منكرون } من كلام إبراهيم . والظاهر أنه قاله خَفْتا إذ ليس من الإكرام أن يجاهرَ الزائر بذلك ، فالتقدير : هُم قوم منكرون .والمنكر : الذي ينكره غيره ، أي لا يعرفه . وأطلق هنا على من ينكّر حاله ويظن أنه حال غيرُ معتاد ، أي يخشى أنه مضمِر سوء ، كما قال في سورة هود ( 70 ( { فلما رأى أيديهم لا تصِلُ إليه نَكرهم وأوجس منهم خِيفة } ومنه قول الأعشى :وأنكرتني وما كان الذي نَكِرَتْ ... من الحوادث إلا الشيبَ والصَّلَعاأي كرهت ذاتي .وقصة ضيف إبراهيم تقدمت في سورة هود .

{ إِذْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا سَلَامًا قَالَ } مجيبًا لهم { سَلَامٌ } أي: عليكم { قَوْمٌ مُنْكَرُونَ } أي: أنتم قوم منكرون، فأحب أن تعرفوني بأنفسكم، ولم يعرفهم إلا بعد ذلك.

إذ دخلوا عليه فقالوا سلاما تقدم في " الحجر " . قال سلام أي عليكم سلام . ويجوز بمعنى أمري سلام أو ردي لكم سلام . وقرأ أهل الكوفة إلا عاصما " سلم " بكسر السين .قوم منكرون أي أنتم قوم منكرون ; أي غرباء لا نعرفكم . وقيل : لأنه رآهم على غير صورة البشر ، وعلى غير صورة الملائكة الذين كان يعرفهم فنكرهم ، فقال : قوم منكرون . وقيل : أنكرهم لأنهم دخلوا عليه من غير استئذان . وقال أبو العالية : أنكر سلامهم في ذلك الزمان وفي تلك الأرض . وقيل : خافهم ; يقال : أنكرته إذا خفته ، قال الشاعر :فأنكرتني وما كان الذي نكرت من الحوادث إلا الشيب والصلعا

In these verses that scene has been described in which angels came to Abraham in order to give him the good news of his having children in his old age. Abraham was born in ancient Iraq. For a long time he preached to his people about the Unity of God and the Hereafter. But, except for his wife and nephew, Lot, nobody was ready to accept his word, until he reached old age. Now, in order to ensure the continuance of his mission, the second alternative was that he should have children who should be properly brought up by him. There is a blood relationship between father and son, which is a powerful factor in keeping a son attached to his father and make him like-minded whatever the conditions. Almighty God granted Abraham two sons in his old age. One was Isaac (Ishaq), through whom the preaching of the Unity of God continued among the Children of Israel. The second was Ishmael (Isma‘il), through whom a race was brought into being which was to support the Last of the Prophets in fulfilling his historic mission.

Comforting the Messenger of Allah فَقَالُوا سَلَامًا قَالَ سَلَامٌ ("We greet you with salam." He said, "Salam on you." 51:25). The angels greeted him with salaman in the accusative case, whereas Holy Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) responded to the greeting in the -nominative case thus: salamun. The nominative case in Arabic is a nominal sentence which carries the sense of greater strength, continuity and persistence. The Qur'anic injunction is that 'when you are greeted with a salutation, greet one better than it...', so Holy Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) the Friend of Allah chose a better reply, implementing Allah's command: reciprocating the greeting with the term salaman is stronger than the greeting using the term salaman. قَوْمٌ مُّنكَرُ‌ونَ ("[ They are ] unknown people."... 51:25). The word munkar, the letter [م m ] carrying dammah and the letter [ ک k ] carrying fath means "unknown". As sin or sinful work is unknown in Islam, it is also referred to as munkar. The angels came to Holy Prophet Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) in the image of handsome young wonderfully graceful men; therefore he could not recognize them. He thought to himself that these are strangers and said to himself 'They are unknown to me'. Or it is possible that he might have mentioned this to the guests in the form of a question and the purpose might have been to find out who they were.

(When they) Gabriel and two other angels with him; and it is also said: Gabriel and 12 other angels with him (came in unto him) to Abraham (and said: Peace!) they gave the greetings of peace to Abraham (he answered, Peace!) Abraham answered their greetings of peace, ((and thought): Folk unknown (to me)) he did not recognize them and did not see that their greeting of peace was unknown at the time and place where he was.

The Guests of the Prophet Ibrahim We mentioned this story before in Surah Hud and Al-Hijr. Allah said, هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ ضَيْفِ إِبْرَهِيمَ الْمُكْرَمِينَ (Has the story reached you, of the honored guests of Ibrahim), whom Ibrahim honored and who, قَالُواْ سَلَـماً قَالَ سَلَـمٌ (they said: "Salaman!" He answered: "Salamun.") وَإِذَا حُيِّيتُم بِتَحِيَّةٍ فَحَيُّواْ بِأَحْسَنَ مِنْهَآ أَوْ رُدُّوهَآ (When you are greeted with a greeting, greet in return with what is better than it, or return it equally.)(4:86) So the Friend of Allah chose a better reply in return for their greeting, implementing Allah's command: Reciprocating the greeting with the term Salamun is stronger than the greeting using the term Salaman. The three angels; Jibril, Mika'il and Israfil came to Ibrahim in the image of handsome young wonderfully graceful men. This is why Ibrahim said, قَوْمٌ مُّنكَرُونَ (You are a people unknown to me.) Allah the Exalted said, فَرَاغَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ (Then he turned to his household,) Ibrahim discretely went inside in haste, فَجَآءَ بِعِجْلٍ سَمِينٍ (and brought out a roasted calf.) from the best of his menu, And in another Ayah فَمَا لَبِثَ أَن جَآءَ بِعِجْلٍ حَنِيذٍ (And he hastened to entertain them with a roasted calf.) (11:69) means roasted on hot coals فَقَرَّبَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ (And placed it before them), brought it close to them, قَالَ أَلاَ تَأْكُلُونَ (Saying, "Will you not eat") Ibrahim said this polite and kind statement to his guests, and surely, this Ayah indicates proper manners for honoring guests. For he brought the food to his guests quickly, while they were unaware that it was being prepared for them. He did not first mention this favor to them by saying, "We will make food for you." Rather, he discretely had it prepared and placed before them. He prepared the best kind of food he had, a young, fat roasted calf. He did not place the food far from them and invite them to come close to it to eat. Rather, he placed it close to them and refrained from ordering them to eat. Instead he invited them using a kind and subtle invitation, أَلا تَأْكُلُونَ (Will you not eat) This statement is similar to one of us saying to a guest, "Would you be kind and generous to do such and such" Allah the Exalted said, فَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً (Then he conceived fear of them.) this Ayah is explained by Allah's statement, فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَيْدِيَهُمْ لاَ تَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ نَكِرَهُمْ وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةً قَالُواْ لاَ تَخَفْ إِنَّا أُرْسِلْنَا إِلَى قَوْمِ لُوطٍ وَامْرَأَتُهُ قَآئِمَةٌ فَضَحِكَتْ (But when he saw their hands went not towards it, he mistrusted them, and felt a sense of fear of them. They said: "Fear not, we have been sent against the people of Lut." And his wife was standing (there), and she laughed.)(11:70-71), meaning, she was glad that the people of Lut would be destroyed on account of their rebellion and transgression against Allah, the Exalted. This is when the angels delivered the good news to her of a son, Ishaq, and Ya`qub after Ishaq, قَالَتْ يوَيْلَتَا ءَأَلِدُ وَأَنَاْ عَجُوزٌ وَهَـذَا بَعْلِى شَيْخًا إِنَّ هَـذَا لَشَىْءٌ عَجِيبٌ - قَالُواْ أَتَعْجَبِينَ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ رَحْمَتُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَـتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ إِنَّهُ حَمِيدٌ مَّجِيدٌ (She said: "Woe unto me! Shall I bear a child while I am an old woman, and here is my husband an old man Verily, this is a strange thing!" They said, "Do you wonder at the decree of Allah The mercy of Allah and His blessings be on you, O family of the house. Surely, He (Allah) is All-Praiseworthy, All-Glorious.")(11:72-73) Allah said here; وَبَشَّرُوهُ بِغُلَـمٍ عَلَيمٍ (And they gave him glad tidings of a son having knowledge.) This news was as good to Ibrahim as it was to his wife, for this son would be theirs, and therefore, they both were getting some good news. Allah the Exalted said, فَأَقْبَلَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فِى صَرَّةٍ (Then his wife came forward with a loud voice), She screamed loudly, according to Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Abu Salih, Ad-Dahhak, Zayd bin Aslam, Ath-Thawri and As-Suddi. She said when she shouted, يوَيْلَتَا (Ah! Woe to me!)(25:28), then, فَصَكَّتْ وَجْهَهَا (she smote her face,) meaning, she struck herself upon her forehead, according to Mujahid and Ibn Sabit. Ibn `Abbas said that she smacked her face just as women do when confronted with an amazing thing, وَقَالَتْ عَجُوزٌ عَقِيمٌ (and said: "A barren old woman!") meaning, "How can I give birth while I am an old woman And even when I was young I was barren and could not have children," قَالُواْ كَذَلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْحَكِيمُ الْعَلِيمُ (They said: "Even so says your Lord. Verily, He is the All-Wise, the All-Knower"), `He is the All-Knower of the honor that you are worthy of and He is the most Wise in His statements and decisions.'