The Spoils of War — Verse 10

8:10 · al-Anfal

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وَمَا جَعَلَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا بُشۡرَىٰ وَلِتَطۡمَىِٕنَّ بِهِۦ قُلُوبُكُمۡۚ وَمَا ٱلنَّصۡرُ إِلَّا مِنۡ عِندِ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِیزٌ حَكِیمٌ ۝١٠
wamā jaʿalahu l-lahu illā bush'rā walitaṭma-inna bihi qulūbukum wamā l-naṣru illā min ʿindi l-lahi inna l-laha ʿazīzun ḥakīmu
The Spoils of War / al-Anfal (8:10)
Connections 33 single-source 3 commentators

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (33) cited by only one commentator

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Abdel Haleem

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God made this a message of hope to reassure your hearts: help comes only from God, He is mighty and wise
wamā jaʿalahu l-lahu illā bush'rā walitaṭma-inna bihi qulūbukum wamā l-naṣru illā min ʿindi l-lahi inna l-laha ʿazīzun ḥakīmu

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Tafsir Commentary

Tafsir Ibn Kathir (abridged)
Muslims invoke Allah for Help, Allah sends the Angels to help Them Al-Bukhari wrote in the book of battles (in his Sahih) under "Chapter; Allah's statement, إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ ((Remember) when you sought help of your Lord and He answered you) until, فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ (then verily, Allah is severe in punishment)" that Ibn Mas`ud said, "I was a witness to something that Al-Miqdad bin Al-Aswad did, that I would like more than almost anything else to have been the one who did it. Al-Miqdad came to the Prophet while he was invoking Allah against the idolators and proclaimed, `We will not say as the people of Musa said, "So go you and your Lord and fight you two." Rather, we will fight to your right, to your left, before you and behind you.' I saw the Prophet's face beaming with pleasure because of what Al-Miqdad said to him." Al-Bukhari next narrated from Ibn `Abbas that on the day of Badr, the Prophet said, «اللَّهُمَّ أَنْشُدُكَ عَهْدَكَ وَوَعْدَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ شِئْتَ لَمْ تُعْبَد» (O Allah! I invoke You for Your covenant and promise (victory). O Allah! If You decide so (cause our defeat), You will not be worshipped.) Abu Bakr held the Prophet's hand and said, "Enough." The Prophet went out proclaiming, «سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُر» (Their multitude will be put to flight, and they will show their backs.) An-Nasa'i also collected this Hadith. Allah's statement, بِأَلْفٍ مِّنَ الْمَلَـئِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ (with a thousand of the angels Murdifin) means, they follow each other in succession, according to Harun bin Hubayrah who narrated this from Ibn `Abbas about, مُرْدِفِينَ (Murdifin), meaning each behind the other in succession. `Ali bin Abi Talhah Al-Walibi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "Allah supported His Prophet and the believers with a thousand angels, five hundred under the leadership of Jibril on one side and five hundred under the leadership of Mika'il on another side." Imams Abu Ja`far bin Jarir At-Tabari and Muslim recorded that Ibn `Abbas said that `Umar said, "While a Muslim man was pursuing an idolator (during the battle of Badr), he heard the sound of a whip above him and a rider saying, `Come, O Hayzum!' Then he looked at the idolator, who fell to the ground. When he investigated, he found that the idolator's nose had wound and his face torn apart, just as if he received a strike from a whip on it, and the entire face had turned green. The Ansari man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and told him what had happened and the Messenger ﷺ replied, «صَدَقْتَ، ذَلِكَ مِنْ مَدَدِ السَّمَاءِ الثَّالِثَة» (You have said the truth, that was from the reinforcements from the third heaven.) The Muslims killed seventy (pagans) in that battle and captured another seventy. Al-Bukhari also wrote a chapter in his Sahih about the participation of the angels in Badr. He collected a Hadith from Rifa`h bin Rafi `Az-Zuraqi, who participated in Badr, Jibril came to the Prophet and asked him, "How honored are those who participated in Badr among you" The Prophet said, «مِنْ أَفْضَلِ الْمُسْلِمِين» (Among the best Muslims.) Jibril said, "This is the case with the angels who participated in Badr." Al-Bukhari recorded this Hadith. At-Tabarani also collected it in Al-Mu`jam Al-Kabir, but from Rafi` bin Khadij, which is an apparent mistake. The correct narration is from Rifa`h, as Al-Bukhari recorded it. In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to `Umar, when `Umar suggested that the Prophet have Hatib bin Abi Balta`ah executed, «إِنَّهُ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ قَدِ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ: اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُم» (He Hatib participated in Badr. How do you know that Allah has not looked at the people of Badr and proclaimed, `Do whatever you want, for I have forgiven you.') Allah said next, وَمَا جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ إِلاَّ بُشْرَى (Allah made it only as glad tidings. ..) Allah made sending down the angels and informing you of this fact as glad tidings, وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ (and that your hearts be at rest therewith.) Surely, Allah is able to give you (O Muslims) victory over your enemies, and victory only comes from Him, without need to send the angels, وَمَا النَّصْرُ إِلاَّ مِنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ (And there is no victory except from Allah.) Allah said in another Ayah, فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ حَتَّى إِذَآ أَثْخَنتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّواْ الْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَآءً حَتَّى تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ذَلِكَ وَلَوْ يَشَآءُ اللَّهُ لاَنْتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَـكِن لِّيَبْلُوَ بَعْضَكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ وَالَّذِينَ قُتِلُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَن يُضِلَّ أَعْمَـلَهُمْ - سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ - وَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ (So, when you meet (in fight in Allah's cause) those who disbelieve, smite (their) necks till when you have killed and wounded many of them, then bind a bond firmly (on them, take them as captives). Thereafter (is the time) either for generosity (free them without ransom), or ransom (according to what benefits Islam), until war lays down its burden. Thus, but if it had been Allah's will, He Himself could certainly have punished them (without you). But (He lets you fight) in order to test some of you with others. But those who are killed in the way of Allah, He will never let their deeds be lost. He will guide them and set right their state. And admit them to Paradise which He has made known to them.) 47:4-6 and, إِن يَمْسَسْكُمْ قَرْحٌ فَقَدْ مَسَّ الْقَوْمَ قَرْحٌ مِّثْلُهُ وَتِلْكَ الاٌّيَّامُ نُدَاوِلُهَا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَيَتَّخِذَ مِنكُمْ شُهَدَآءَ وَاللَّهُ لاَ يُحِبُّ الظَّـلِمِينَ - وَلِيُمَحِّصَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَيَمْحَقَ الْكَـفِرِينَ (And so are the days (good and not so good), that We give to men by turns, that Allah may test those who believe, and that He may take martyrs from among you. And Allah likes not the wrongdoers. And that Allah may test (or purify) the believers (from sins) and destroy the disbelievers.) 3:140-141 These are points of wisdom for which Allah has legislated performing Jihad, by the hands of the believers against the disbelievers. Allah used to destroy the previous nations that denied the Prophets, using various disasters that encompassed these rebellious nations. For instance, Allah destroyed the people of Nuh with the flood, `Ad with the wind, Thamud with the scream, the people of Lut with an earthquake and the people of Shu`ayb by the Day of the Shadow. After Allah sent Musa and destroyed his enemy Fir`awn and his soldiers by drowning, He sent down the Tawrah to him in which He legislated fighting against the disbelievers, and this legislation remained in the successive Laws. Allah said, وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَـبَ مِن بَعْدِ مَآ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ الاٍّولَى بَصَآئِرَ (And indeed We gave Musa -- after We had destroyed the generations of old -- the Scripture as an enlightenment. ) 28:43 It is more humiliating for the disbeliever and more comforting to the hearts of the faithful that the believers kill the disbelievers by their own hands. Allah said to the believers of this Ummah, قَـتِلُوهُمْ يُعَذِّبْهُمُ اللَّهُ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَيُخْزِهِمْ وَيَنْصُرْكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَيَشْفِ صُدُورَ قَوْمٍ مُّؤْمِنِينَ (Fight against them so that Allah will punish them by your hands, and disgrace them, and give you victory over them, and heal the breasts of a believing people.)9:14 This is why killing the disbelievers of Quraysh by the hand of their enemies, whom they used to despise, was more humiliating to the disbelievers and comforting to the hearts of the party of faith. Abu Jahl, for instance, was killed in battle and this was more humiliating for him than dying in his bed, or from lightening, wind, or similar afflictions. Also, Abu Lahab died from a terrible disease that caused him to stink and none of his relatives could bear approaching him. They had to wash him with water by sprinkling it from a distance, then threw stones over his corpse, until it was buried under them! Allah said next, أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ (Verily, Allah is All-Mighty,), the might is His, His Messengers and the believers, both in this life and the Hereafter. Allah said in another Ayah, إِنَّا لَنَنصُرُ رُسُلَنَا وَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ يَقُومُ الاٌّشْهَـدُ (We will indeed make victorious Our Messengers and those who believe, in this world's life and on the Day when the witnesses will stand forth (Day of Resurrection). )40:51 Allah said next, حَكِيمٌ (All-Wise.), in that He legislated fighting the disbeliever, even though He is able to destroy them and bring their demise by His will and power, all praise and honor is due to Him.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn
And God appointed it that is the reinforcement only as good tidings and that your hearts might thereby be reassured. Victory comes only from God surely God is Mighty Wise.
Kashani Tafsir
And God did not appoint, that reinforcement, except, as a good tiding, for you, of victory and as reassurance for your hearts when they connect to it upon disengagement from the garb of the soul and its states. It is not that victory comes from it [the soul], for victory, comes only from God, but it is that [His] wisdom requires that [the sequence of] things are made dependent upon their causes; surely God, is powerful enough to bring assistance, victorious, Wise, doing that in accordance with the requirements of wisdom.
Kashani Tafsir
And God did not appoint, that reinforcement, except, as a good tiding, for you, of victory and as reassurance for your hearts when they connect to it upon disengagement from the garb of the soul and its states. It is not that victory comes from it [the soul], for victory, comes only from God, but it is that [His] wisdom requires that [the sequence of] things are made dependent upon their causes; surely God, is powerful enough to bring assistance, victorious, Wise, doing that in accordance with the requirements of wisdom.
Tafsir Muyassar
وما جعل الله ذلك الإمداد إلا بشارة لكم بالنصر، ولتسكن به قلوبكم، وتوقنوا بنصر الله لكم، وما النصر إلا من عند الله، لا بشدة بأسكم وقواكم. إن الله عزيز في ملكه، حكيم في تدبيره وشرعه.
Tafsir Ibn Kathir
وقوله تعالى "وما جعله الله إلا بشرى" الآية. أي وما جعل الله بعث الملائكة وإعلامه إياكم بهم إلا بشرى "ولتطمئن به قلوبكم" وإلا فهو تعالى قادر على نصركم على أعدائكم ولتطمئن به قلوبكم وما النصر إلا من عند الله أي بدون ذلك ولهذا قال "وما النصر إلا من عند الله" كما قال تعالى "فإذا لقيتم الذين كفروا فضرب الرقاب حتى إذا أثخنتموهم فشدوا الوثاق فإما منا بعد وإما فداءا حتى تضع الحرب أوزارها ذلك ولو يشاء الله لانتصر منهم ولكن ليبلو بعضكم ببعض والذين قتلوا في سبيل الله فلن يضل أعمالهم سيهديهم ويصلح بالهم ويدخلهم الجنة عرفها لهم" وقال تعالى "وتلك الأيام نداولها بين الناس وليعلم الله الذين آمنوا ويتخذ منكم شهداء والله لا يحب الظالمين وليمحص الله الذين آمنوا ويمحق الكافرين" فهذه حكم شرع الله جهاد الكفار بأيدي المؤمنين لأجلها وقد كان تعالى إنما يعاقب الأمم السالفة المكذبة للأنبياء بالقوارع التي تعم تلك الأمم المكذبة كما أهلك قوم نوح بالطوفان وعادا الأولى بالدبور وثمود بالصيحة وقوم لوط بالخسف والقلب وحجارة السجيل وقوم شعيب بيوم الظلة فلما بعث الله تعالى موسى وأهلك عدوه فرعون وقومه بالغرق في اليم ثم أنزل على موسى التوراة شرع فيها قتال الكفار واستمر الحكم في بقية الشرائع بعده على ذلك كما قال تعالى "ولقد آتينا موسى الكتاب من بعد ما أهلكنا القرون الأولى بصائر" وقتل المؤمنين للكافرين أشد إهانة للكافرين وأشفى لصدور المؤمنين كما قال تعالى للمؤمنين من هذه الأمة "قاتلوهم يعذبهم الله بأيديكم ويخزهم وينصركم عليهم ويشف صدور قوم مؤمنين" ولهذا كان قتل صناديد قريش بأيدي أعدائهم الذين ينظرون إليهم بأعين ازدرائهم أنكى لهم وأشفى لصدور حزب الإيمان فقتل أبي جهل في معركة القتال وحومة الوغى أشد إهانة له من موته على فراشه بقارعة أو صاعقة أو نحو ذلك كما مات أبو لهب لعنه الله بالعدسة بحيث لم يقربه أحد من أقاربه وإنما غسلوه بالماء قذفا من بعيد ورجموه حتى دفنوه ولهذا قال تعالى "إن الله عزيز" أي له العزة ولرسوله وللمؤمنين بهما في الدنيا والآخرة كقوله تعالى "إنا لننصر رسلنا والذين آمنوا في الحياة الدنيا ويوم يقوم الأشهاد"."حكيم": فيما شرعه من قتال الكفار مع القدرة على دمارهم وإهلاكهم بحوله وقوته سبحانه وتعالى.
Tafsir Al Wasit
ثم بين - سبحانه - بعض مظاهر فضله عليهم ورحمته بهم فى هذا الإِمداد فقال : ( وَمَا جَعَلَهُ الله إِلاَّ بشرى وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَمَا النصر إِلاَّ مِنْ عِندِ الله إِنَّ الله عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ) فالآية الكريمة كلام مستأنف ساقه - سبحانه - لبيان عبض مضاهر فضله على المؤمنين ، ولبيان أن المؤثر الحقيق هو الله وحده حتى يزدادوا ثقه به ، وحتى لا يقنطوا من النصر عند قلة أسبابه .أى : وما جعل الله - تعالى - هذا الإِمداد بالملائكة إلا بشارة لكم - أيها المؤمنون - بالنصر على أعدائكم فى هذه الغزوة الحاسمة وقوله ( بشرى ) مفعول لأجله مستثنى عن أعم العلل .وقوله : ( وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ ) معطوف عليه : أى : ولتسكن بهذا الإِمداد قلوبكم ، ويزول عنكم الخوف ، وتهاجموا أعداءكم بنفوس لا يداخلها الإِحجام أو التردد . . .وقوله : ( وَمَا النصر إِلاَّ مِنْ عِندِ الله ) أى : ليس النصر بالملائكة أو غيرهم إلا كائن من عند الله وحده ، لأنه - سبحانه - هو الخالق لكل شئ ، والاقدر على كل شئ .وإن الوسائل مهما عظمت ، والأسباب مهما كثرت ، ولا تؤدى إلى النتيجة المطلوبة والغاية المرجوة ، إلا إذا أيدتها إرادة الله وقدرته ورعايته .وقوله : ( إِنَّ الله عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ) أى : غالب لا يقهره شئ ، ولا ينازعه منازع حكيم فى تدبيره وأفعاله .فالجملة الكريمة بتذييل قصد به التعليل لما قبله ، وفيه إشعار بأن النصر الواقع على الوجه المذكور من مقتضيات حكمته البالغة - سبحانه - .
Tafsir al-Tabari
القول في تأويل قوله : وَمَا جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ إِلا بُشْرَى وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَمَا النَّصْرُ إِلا مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (10)قال أبو جعفر: يقول تعالى ذكره: لم يجعل الله إردافَ الملائكة بعضها بعضًا وتتابعها بالمصير إليكم، أيها المؤمنون، مددًا لكم= " إلا بشرى " لكم، أي: بشارة لكم، تبشركم بنصر الله إياكم على أعدائكم (21) = " ولتطمئن به قلوبكم "، يقول: ولتسكن قلوبكم بمجيئها إليكم, وتوقن بنصرة الله لكم (22) = " وما النصر إلا من عند الله "، يقول: وما تنصرون على عدوكم، أيها المؤمنون، إلا أن ينصركم الله عليهم, لا بشدة بأسكم وقواكم, بل بنصر الله لكم, لأن ذلك بيده وإليه, ينصر من يشاء من خلقه= " إن الله عزيز حكيم " يقول: إن الله الذي ينصركم، وبيده نصرُ من يشاء من خلقه= " عزيز "، لا يقهره شيء, ولا يغلبه غالب, بل يقهر كل شيء ويغلبه, لأنه خلقه= " حكيم "، يقول: حكيم في تدبيره ونصره من نصر, وخذلانه من خذل من خلقه, لا يدخل تدبيره وهن ولا خَلل. (23)* * *وروي عن عبد الله بن كثير عن مجاهد في ذلك، ما:-15757- حدثنا القاسم قال، حدثنا الحسين قال، حدثني حجاج عن ابن جريج قال، أخبرني ابن كثير: انه سمع مجاهدًا يقول: ما مدّ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم مما ذكر الله غيرُ ألف من الملائكة مردفين, وذكر " الثلاثة " و " الخمسة " بشرى, ما مدُّوا بأكثر من هذه الألف الذي ذكر الله عز وجل في " الأنفال "، وأما " الثلاثة " و " الخمسة ", فكانت بشرَى.* * *وقد أتينا على ذلك في " سورة آل عمران "، بما فيه الكفاية. (24)--------------------الهوامش :(21) انظر تفسير " البشرى " فيما سلف ص : 303 ، تعليق : 2 ، المراجع هناك .(22) انظر تفسير " الاطمئنان " فيما سلف 5 : 492 9 : 165 11 : 224 .(23) انظر تفسير " عزيز " و " حكيم " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة ( عزز ) ، ( حكم ) .(24) انظر ما سلف 7 : 173 - 192 .
Tafseer Al-Baghawi
قوله تعالى : ( وما جعله الله ) يعني : الإمداد بالملائكة ، ( إلا بشرى ) أي : بشارة ( ولتطمئن به قلوبكم وما النصر إلا من عند الله إن الله عزيز حكيم )
Tafseer Tanwir al-Miqbas
عطف على { أني مُمدكم بألففٍ من الملائكة مردَفين } [ الأنفال : 9 ] فالضمير المنصوب في قوله : { جَعله } عائِد إلى القول الذي تضمنه { فاستجاب لكم أني ممدكم } [ الأنفال : 9 ] أي ما جعل جوابكم بهذا الكلام إلاّ ليبشركم ، وإلاّ فقد كان يكفيكم أن يضمن لكم النصر دون أن يبين أنه بإمداد من الملائكة .وفائِدة التبشير بإمداد الملائكة أن يوم بدر كان في أول يوم لقي فيه المسلمون عدواً قوياً وجيشاً عديداً ، فبشرهم الله بكيفية النصر الذي ضمنه لهم بأنه بجيش من الملائكة ، لأن النفوس أمْيل إلى المحسوسات ، فالنصر معنى من المعاني يدق إدراكه وسكون النفس لتصوره بخلاف الصور المحسوسة من تصوير مَدد الملائكة ورؤية أشكال بعضهم .وتقدم القول في نظير هذه الآية في سورة آل عمران إلاّ لتعرض لما بين الآيتين من اختلاف في ترتيب النظم وذلك في ثلاثة أمور :أحدها : أنه قال في آل عمران ( 126 ) : { إِلا بشرى لكم } وحُذف ( لكم ) هنا دفعاً لتكرير لفظه لسبق كلمة { لكم } قريباً في قوله : { فاستجاب لكم } [ الأنفال : 9 ] فعلم السامع أن البشرى لهم ، فأغنت { لكم } الأولى ، بلفظها ومعناها ، عن ذكر { لكم } مرة ثانية ، ولأن آية آل عمران سيقت مساق الامتنان والتذكير بنعمة النصر في حين القلة والضعف ، فكان تقييد { بشرى } بأنها لأجلهم زيادة في المنة أي : جعل الله ذلك بشرى لأجلكم كقوله تعالى : { ألم نشرح لكَ صدرك } [ الشرح : 1 ] وأما آية الآنفال فهي مسوقة مساق العتاب على كراهية الخروج إلى بدر في أول الأمر ، وعلى اختيار أن تكون الطائفة التي تلاقيهم غير ذات الشوكة ، فجرد { بشرى } عن أن يعلق به { لكم } إذ كانت البشرى للنبيء صلى الله عليه وسلم ومن لم يترددوا من المسلمين ، وقد تقدم ذلك في آل عمران .ثانيها : تقديم المجرور هنا في قوله : { به قلوبكم } وهو يفيد الاختصاص ، فيكون المعنى : ولتطمئن به قلوبكم لا بغيره ، وفي هذا الاختصاص تعريض بما اعتراهم من الوجل من الطائفة ذات الشوكة وقناعتهم بغُنم العُروض التي كانت مع العِير ، فعُرض لهم بأنهم لم يتفهموا مراد الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم حين استشارهم ، وأخبرهم بأن العير سلكتْ طريق الساحل فكان ذلك كافياً في أن يعلموا أن الطائفة الموعود بها تمحضت أنها طائفة النفير ، وكان الشأن أن يظنوا بوعد الله أكمل الأحوال ، فلما أراد الله تسكين روعهم ، وعَدهم بنصرة الملائكة علماً بأنه لا يُطْمئِنُ قُلوبهم إلاّ ذلك ، وجعل الفخرُ : التقديمَ هنا لمجرد الاهتمام بذلك الوعد ، وذلك من وجوه التقديم لكنه وجّه تأخيره في آل عمران بما هو غير مقبول .ثالثها : أنه قال في سورة آل عمران ( 126 ) { العزيز الحكيم } فصاغ الصفتين العَلِيتَيْن في صيغة النعت ، وجعلهما في هذه الآية في صيغة الخبر المؤكد ، إذ قال : إن الله عزيز حكيم } فنزّل المخاطبين منزلة مَن يتردد في أنه تعالى موصوف بهاتين الصفتين : وهما العزة ، المقتضية أنه إذا وعَد بالنصر لم يُعجزه شيء ، والحكمةُ ، فما يصدر من جانبه غوصُ الإفهام في تبيّن مقتضاءه ، فكيف لا يهتدون إلى أن الله لما وعدهم الظَفَر بإحدى الطائفتين وقد فاتتهم العير أن ذلك آيل إلى الوعد بالظفَر بالنفير .وجملة : { إن الله عزيز حكيم } مستأنفة استينافاً ابتدائياً جعلت كالإخبار بما ليس بمعلوم لهم .
Tafseer Al Saddi
وَمَا جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ أي: إنـزال الملائكة إِلا بُشْرَى أي: لتستبشر بذلك نفوسكم، وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ وإلا فالنصر بيد اللّه، ليس بكثرة عَدَدٍ ولا عُدَدٍ.. إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ لا يغالبه مغالب، بل هو القهار، الذي يخذل من بلغوا من الكثرة وقوة العدد والآلات ما بلغوا. حَكِيمٌ حيث قدر الأمور بأسبابها، ووضع الأشياء مواضعها.
Tafseer Al Qurtubi
وما النصر إلا من عند الله نبه على أن النصر من عنده جل وعز لا من الملائكة ; أي لولا نصره لما انتفع بكثرة العدد بالملائكة . والنصر من عند الله يكون بالسيف ويكون بالحجة .
Tazkirul Quran
The battle of Badr took place under very critical conditions. Only 313 Muslims were pitted against about one thousand well-armed enemies. The Muslims were scantily armed. The enemies had already reached the venue of battle (Badr) and had captured a vantage point and the spring of water. Seeing this, the Muslims were beset by doubts that perhaps they would not be supported by God in the mission for which they had been sacrificing their lives. Had truth been on their side, God would not have helped the enemies on this critical occasion and all the favourable opportunities would have slipped from their grasp and passed on to their enemies. But at that time, Almighty God caused heavy rains to fall in the area of Badr. Muslims made ponds and stored the water. The enemy had deprived Muslims of the water of the land; God then arranged for them to have water from the sky. God furthermore blessed them with an extraordinary favour—that of sleep. Sleep is very necessary for a man to be refreshed, but the conditions in the battlefield are so terrible that it is impossible to have sound sleep. In spite of this, Almighty God blessed them with His special succour; on the eve of the battle, He made it possible for them to have sound sleep. In the night they slept free of all mental pressure and got up in the morning fully refreshed. Out of conditions which were causing Muslims to have misgivings, God created such possibilities that they developed new faith and a sense of self-reliance.
Ma'arif-ul-Quran
The fourth verse (10) restates this aspect explicitly by saying: وَمَا جَعَلَهُ اللَّـهُ إِلَّا بُشْرَ‌ىٰ وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِ قُلُوبُكُمْ. It means: 'Allah has done it only to give you glad tidings and so that your hearts might be at rest thereby.' The number of angels sent to support Muslims in the battle of Badr has been given as one thousand at this place, while in Surah 'Al-` Imran (3:124) the number mentioned is three thousand and five thousand. The reason for this lies in three different promises made under different circumstances. The first promise was that of one thousand angels, the reason for which was the prayer of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the supporting plaint of common Muslims with him. The second promise of three thousand angels which appears first in Surah 'Al-` Imran was made at a time when Muslims heard about the additional forces coming to join the Quraysh army. It has been reported in Ruh al-Ma'ani as based on a narration of Al-Sha'bi from Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ibn al-Mundhir and others that on the day of the battle of Badr when Muslims heard that Kurz ibn Jabir Muharibi was coming with additional armed support for the disbelievers, they were disturbed and agitated. Thereupon, the verse of 'Al-` Imran: أَلَن يَكْفِيَكُمْ أَن يُمِدَّكُمْ رَ‌بُّكُم بِثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ مِّنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُنزَلِينَ : "Shall it not suffice you that your Lord should help you with three thousand of the angels sent down (for you)?" - 3:124) was revealed and referred to wherein is the promise of sending a force of three thousand angels from the heavens in order to support believers. As for the third promise of five thousand, it was made subject to the condition that should the enemy launch a sudden offensive, a supporting force of five thousand angels will be sent down. That promise appears in the verse which follows verse 124 of Surah 'Al-` Imran (3) cited immediately above. Given here are the words in which it has been mentioned: بَلَىٰ ۚ إِن تَصْبِرُ‌وا وَتَتَّقُوا وَيَأْتُوكُم مِّن فَوْرِ‌هِمْ هَـٰذَا يُمْدِدْكُمْ رَ‌بُّكُم بِخَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ مِّنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُسَوِّمِينَ ﴿125﴾ "Why not? If you stay patient and fear Allah and they come upon you even in this heat of theirs, your Lord will reinforce you with five thousand of the angels having distinct marks" (3:125). Some Commentators have said that this promise had three conditions: (1) Fortitude, (2) Taqwa or fear of Allah and (3) Sudden and all-out attack by the opposing forces. Out of these, the first two conditions were already fulfilled by the noble Companions ؓ for no departure from these was witnessed in this battlefield from the beginning to the end. But, what did not take place was the third condition of a sudden attack. Therefore, things did not reach the point where the army of five thousand angels was to be inducted. So, this matter remained revolving between one and three thousand which also lends to the probability that the figure of three thousand may mean the one thousand sent earlier to which an additional force of two thousand was added and made to be three thousand - and it is also probable that these three thousand were in addition to the first one thousand. At this stage, it is also interesting to note that the promise of sending three groups of angels in these three verses (8:9; 3:124; 3:125) mentions a quality particular to each group. In the present verse, verse 9 of Surah Al-Anfal, where the promise is for one thousand, the word used to describe the quality of these angels is مُرْ‌دِفِينَ (murdifin: translated here as 'one following the other' ). Perhaps, the indication already given within the text is that there are others too coming behind these angels. Then, in the first verse of Surah 'Al-` Imran (3:124) quoted above, the quality of the angels has been given as: مُنزَلِينَ (munzalin : translated as 'sent down [ for you ] ' ). The sense is that these angels will be made to descend from the heavens. In this, there is a hint towards the special arrangement made in this connection - that the angels already present on the earth will not be employed for this mission, instead of which, it will be by special appointment and dispatch that these angels will be sent down from the heavens to fulfill the assignment they have been sent to carry out. After that, we have the second verse (3:125) of Surah 'Al-` Imran where the figure of five thousand has been mentioned. There, the quality of the angels has been stated to be: مُسَوِّمِينَ (musawwimin: translated as 'having distinct marks' ) that is, they shall be appearing in a particular dress and distinctive signs and marks. This is corroborated by Hadith narrations which report that the headgear of angels that descended during the battle of Badr was white and that of the angels who were sent down to help believers in the battle of Hunayn was red. Finally, towards the end of the verse (10), it was said: وَمَا النَّصْرُ‌ إِلَّا مِنْ عِندِ اللَّـهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (And the help is from none but Allah. Surely, Allah is Mighty, Wise). Here, Muslims have been warned that all help, whatever and from wherever it may be, open or secret, is from Allah Ta` ala alone and issues forth through His power and control only. The help and support of angels is also subject to nothing but His command. Therefore, all believers must look up to none but the most pristine Being of Allah who is One and with Whom there is no partner or associate - because, He is the possessor of Power and Wisdom at its greatest.
Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn 'Abbas
(Allah appointed it) i.e. His succour (only as good tidings) of your victory, (and that your hearts thereby might be at rest) because of this help. (Victory) by means of the angels (cometh only by the help of Allah. Lo! Allah is Mighty) towards His enemies in His retribution, (Wise) He decreed that they be defeated and killed and that you triumph and gain the spoils of war.
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