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یَوۡمَ یَغۡشَىٰهُمُ ٱلۡعَذَابُ مِن فَوۡقِهِمۡ وَمِن تَحۡتِ أَرۡجُلِهِمۡ وَیَقُولُ ذُوقُوا۟ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ ۝٥٥
yawma yaghshāhumu l-ʿadhābu min fawqihim wamin taḥti arjulihim wayaqūlu dhūqū mā kuntum taʿmalūn
The Spider / al-`Ankabut (29:55)
Connections 11 single-source 2 commentators

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (11) cited by only one commentator
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

Abdel Haleem

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on the Day when punishment overwhelms them from above and from below their very feet, and they will be told, ‘Now taste the punishment for what you used to do.’
yawma yaghshāhumu l-ʿadhābu min fawqihim wamin taḥti arjulihim wayaqūlu dhūqū mā kuntum taʿmalūn

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Tafsir Commentary

How the Idolators asked for the Torment to be hastened on Allah tells us of the ignorance of the idolators and how they asked for the punishment of Allah to be hastened so that it would befall them quickly. This is like the Ayah, وَإِذْ قَالُواْ اللَّهُمَّ إِن كَانَ هَـذَا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِندِكَ فَأَمْطِرْ عَلَيْنَا حِجَارَةً مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ أَوِ ائْتِنَا بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ (And when they said: "O Allah! If this is indeed the truth from You, then rain down stones on us from the sky or bring on us a painful torment.") (8:32). And Allah says here: وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ وَلَوْلاَ أَجَلٌ مُّسَمًّى لَّجَآءَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ (And they ask you to hasten on the torment, and had it not been for a term appointed, the torment would certainly have come to them.) Were it not for the fact that Allah has decreed that the punishment should be delayed until the Day of Resurrection, the torment would have come upon them quickly as they demanded. Then Allah says: وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ وَلَوْلاَ أَجَلٌ مُّسَمًّى لَّجَآءَهُمُ الْعَذَابُ وَلَيَأْتِيَنَّهُمْ بَغْتَةً وَهُمْ لاَ يَشْعُرُونَ - يَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَـفِرِينَ (And surely, it will come upon them suddenly while they perceive not! They ask you to hasten on the torment. And verily, Hell, of a surety, will encompass the disbelievers.) means, `they ask you to hasten on the punishment, but it will undoubtedly befall them.' يَوْمَ يَغْشَـهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِن تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِمْ (On the Day when the torment (Hellfire) shall cover them from above them and from beneath their feet,) This is like the Ayah, لَهُم مِّن جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ وَمِن فَوْقِهِمْ غَوَاشٍ (Theirs will be a bed of Hell, and over them coverings (of Hell-fire)) (7:41). لَهُمْ مِّن فَوْقِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ مِّنَ النَّارِ وَمِن تَحْتِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ (They shall have coverings of Fire, above them and coverings (of Fire) beneath them) (39:16). لَوْ يَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ حِينَ لاَ يَكُفُّونَ عَن وُجُوهِهِمُ النَّارَ وَلاَ عَن ظُهُورِهِمْ (If only those who disbelieved knew (the time) when they will not be able to ward off the Fire from their faces, nor from their backs) (21:39). The Fire will cover them from all sides, which is more effective as a physical punishment. وَيِقُولُ ذُوقُواْ مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ (and it will be said: "Taste what you used to do.") This is a threat and a rebuke, which is a form of psychological punishment, as in the Ayah, يَوْمَ يُسْحَبُونَ فِى النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ ذُوقُواْ مَسَّ سَقَرَ - إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَـهُ بِقَدَرٍ (The Day they will be dragged on their faces into the Fire (it will be said to them): "Taste you the touch of Hell!" Verily, We have created all things with a measurement.) (54:48-49) يَوْمَ يُدَعُّونَ إِلَى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ دَعًّا - هَـذِهِ النَّارُ الَّتِى كُنتُم بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ - أَفَسِحْرٌ هَـذَا أَمْ أَنتُمْ لاَ تُبْصِرُونَ - اصْلَوْهَا فَاصْبِرُواْ أَوْ لاَ تَصْبِرُواْ سَوَآءٌ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنَّمَا تُجْزَوْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ (The Day when they will be pushed down by force to the fire of Hell, with a horrible, forceful pushing. This is the Fire which you used to deny. Is this magic or do you not see Enter you therein (taste you therein its heat) and whether you are patient of it or impatient of it, it is all the same. You are only being requited for what you used to do.) (52:13-16)
on the Day when the chastisement shall envelop them from above them and from under their feet and We shall say thereat read the verb as naqūlu in other words ‘We shall command that it be said; or if read yaqūlu ‘he shall say’ namely the one in charge of meting out chastisement ‘Taste now what you used to do!’ that is taste the requital for it as you will not be able to elude Us.
يوم القيامة يغشى الكافرين عذاب جهنم من فوق رؤوسهم، ومِن تحت أقدامهم، فالنار تغشاهم من سائر جهاتهم، ويقول الله لهم حينئذ: ذوقوا جزاء ما كنتم تعملونه في الدنيا: من الإشراك بالله، وارتكاب الجرائم والآثام.
ثم قال عزوجل "يوم يغشاهم العذاب من فوقهم ومن تحت أرجلهم" كقوله تعالى "لهم من جهنم مهاد ومن فوقهم غواش" وقال تعالى "لهم من فوقهم ظلل من النار ومن تحتهم ظلل" وقال تعالى "لو يعلم الذين كفروا حين لا يكفون عن وجوههم النار ولا عن ظهورهم" الآية فالنار تغشاهم من سائر جهاتهم وهذا أبلغ في العذاب الحسي وقوله تعالى "ونقول ذوقوا ما كنتم تعملون" تهديد وتقريع وتوبيخ وهذا عذاب معنوي على النفوس كقوله تعالى: "يوم يسحبون في النار على وجوههم ذوقوا مس سقر إنا كل شيء خلقناه بقدر" وقال تعالى "يوم يدعون إلى نار جهنم دعا هذه النار التى كنتم به تكذبون أفسحر هذا أم أنتم لا تبصرون اصلوها فاصبروا أو لا تصبروا سواء عليكم إنما تجزون ما كنتم تعملون".
ثم بين - سبحانه - كيفية إحاطة جهنم بهم فقال : ( يَوْمَ يَغْشَاهُمُ العذاب ) .أى : ستحيط بهم جهنم من كل جانب . يوم يحل بهم العذاب ( مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِن تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِمْ ) أى : من جميع جهاتهم .( وَيِقُولُ ) - سبحانه - لهم ، على سبيل التقريع والتأنيب ( ذُوقُواْ مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ) أى : تذوقوا العذاب المهين الذى كنتم تستعجلونه فى الدنيا والذى أحاط بكم من كل جانب بسبب أعمالكم القبيحة ، وأقوالكم الباطلة .وبعد أن بين - سبحانه - سوء عاقبة المكذبين ، الذين استعجلوا العذاب لجهلهم وعنادهم ، أتبع ذلك بتوجيه نداء إلى المؤمنين أمرهم فيه بالثبات على الحق ، فقال - تعالى - : ( الذين عَاهَدْتَّ . . . وَأَنْتُمْ لاَ تُظْلَمُونَ ) .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : يَوْمَ يَغْشَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِنْ تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِمْ وَيَقُولُ ذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ (55)يقول تعالى ذكره: وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ يوم يغشى الكافرين العذاب، من فوقهم في جهنم، ومن تحت أرجلهم.كما حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قَتادة ( يَوْمَ يَغْشَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِنْ تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِمْ ) : أي في النار.وقوله: ( وَيَقُولُ ذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ) يقول جلّ ثناؤه: ويقول الله لهم: ذوقوا ما كنتم تعملون في الدنيا من معاصي الله، وما يسخطه فيها. وبالياء في (وَيقُولُ ذُوقُوا) قرأت عامة قرّاء الأمصار خلا أبي جعفر، وأبي عمرو، فإنهما قرأا ذلك بالنون: (وَنَقُولُ). والقراءة التي هي القراءة عندنا بالياء، لإجماع الحجة من القرّاء عليها.
( يوم يغشاهم العذاب من فوقهم ومن تحت أرجلهم ) يعني : إذا غشيهم العذاب أحاطت بهم جهنم ، كما قال : " لهم من جهنم مهاد ومن فوقهم غواش " ( الأعراف - 41 ) ( ويقول ذوقوا ) قرأ نافع ، وأهل الكوفة : " ويقول " بالياء ، أي : ويقول لهم الموكل بعذابهم : ذوقوا ، وقرأ الآخرون بالنون; لأنه لما كان بأمره نسب إليه ( ما كنتم تعملون ) أي : جزاء ما كنتم تعملون .
يَوْمَ يَغْشَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِنْ تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِمْ وَيَقُولُ ذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ (55)لأن الغشيان هو التغطية فتقتضي العلو تعين تقدير فعل يتعلق به { من تحت أرجلهم } ، وهو أن يقدر عامل محذوف . وقد عدّ هذا العمل من خصائص الواو في العطف أن تعطف عاملاً محذوفاً دل عليه معموله كقول عبد الله بن الزبعرى: ... يَا ليتَ زَوجككِ قد غدامتقلداً سيفاً ورمحا ... يريد : ومُمسكاً رمحاً لأن الرمح لا يتقلد يصلح أن يكون مفعولاً معه وأبو عبيدة والأصمعي والجرمي واليزيدي ، ومن وافقهم يجعلون هذا من قبيل تضمين الفعل معنى فعل صالح للتعلق بالمذكور فيقدر في هذه الآية تضمين فعل { يغشاهم } معنى ( يصيبهم ) و ( يأخذهم ) . والمقصود من هذا الكناية عن أن العذاب محيط بهم ، فلذلك لم يذكر الجانبان الأيمن والأيسر لأن الغرض من الكناية قد حصل . والمقام مقام إيجاز لأنه مقام غضب وتهديد بخلاف قوله تعالى : { ثم لآتِيَنَّهم من بين أيديهم ومن خلفِهم وعن أيمانهم وعن شمائلهم } [ الأعراف : 17 ] لأنه حكاية لإلحاح الشيطان في الوسوسة .وقرأ نافع وعاصم وحمزة والكسائي : { ويقول } بالياء التحتية والضمير عائد إلى معلوم من المقام . فالتقدير : ويقول الله . وعدل عن ضمير التكلم على خلاف مقتضى الظاهر على طريقة الالتفات على رأي كثير من أيمة البلاغة ، أو يقدر : ويقول الملك الموكل بجهنم ، أو التقدير : ويقول العذاب ، بأن يجعل الله للنار أصواتاً كأنها قول القائل : { ذوقوا } . وقرأ ابن كثير وأبو عمرو وابن عامر وأبو جعفر ويعقوب بالنون وهي نون العظمة .ومعنى : { ما كنتم تعملون } جزاؤه لأن الجزاء لما كان بقدر المجزي أطلق عليه اسمه مجازاً مرسلاً أو مجازاً بالحذف .
{ يَوْمَ يَغْشَاهُمُ الْعَذَابُ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ وَمِنْ تَحْتِ أَرْجُلِهِمْ وَيَقُولُ ذُوقُوا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ } فإن أعمالكم انقلبت عليكم عذابا، وشملكم العذاب كما شملكم الكفر والذنوب.
قوله تعالى : يوم يغشاهم العذاب من فوقهم قيل : هو متصل بما هو قبله ; أي يوم يصيبهم العذاب من فوقهم ومن تحت أرجلهم فإذا غشيهم العذاب أحاطت بهم جهنم وإنما قال : من تحت أرجلهم للمقاربة وإلا فالغشيان من فوق أعم ; كما قال الشاعر :علفتها تبنا وماء بارداوقال آخر :لقد كان قواد الجياد إلى العدا عليهن غاب من قنى ودروعويقول ذوقوا قرأ أهل المدينة والكوفة : ( نقول ) بالنون الباقون بالياء ، واختاره أبو عبيد ; لقوله : قل كفى بالله ويحتمل أن يكون الملك الموكل بهم يقول : ذوقوا . والقراءت ترجع إلى معنى أي يقول الملك بأمرنا ذوقوا .
Man’s deeds make his Paradise and his deeds make his Hell too. Were it possible to view the consequences of the deeds of one who had adopted the way of denial and insolence, it would be seen that his apparently great deeds actually signalled the punishment which he merited and which lay in wait for him. Death is but to come and dispatch him to the world he has built for himself. Most of a man’s arrogance is nothing more than the result of his ignorance of the reality pertaining to his own existence. If this ignorance were to be replaced by knowledge, he would become a completely different man.
The status of the narrations of the People of the Book quoted by the commentators in their commentaries is also the same. The object of their reproduction in the commentaries is meant to highlight their historical position. They cannot be used for determining what is permitted (halal) and what is not permitted حَرَام (haram). مَا كُنتَ تَتْلُو مِن قَبْلِهِ مِن كِتَابٍ وَلَا تَخُطُّهُ بِيَمِينِكَ إِذًا لَّارْ‌تَابَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ (And you have never been reciting any book before this, nor have you been writing it with your right hand, had it been so, the people of falsehood would have raised doubts. - 29:48). That is Before the revelation of the Qur'an you could neither read nor write, rather you were unlettered (اُمِّی). If it was not so, and you were literate, then there could have been a possibility of doubt for the infidels to put the blame that you were repeating what you had read in, the earlier books, Torah and Injil, and it was not a new revelation sent down on you by way of prophethood.' It was a great honour and miracle for the Holy Prophet ﷺ to be unlettered Allah Ta’ ala had demonstrated so many evident and clear miracles to prove the prophethood of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، and it was one of those miracles that He made him unlettered. Neither he could read anything nor could he write at all. Forty years of his life were spent in this fashion before the eyes of the people of Makkah. He did not have any acquaintance with the People of the Book wherefrom he could have learnt anything. In fact, there were no People of the Book living in Makkah. Suddenly, at the age of forty years, such a speech started flowing from his mouth that was a miracle not only in its theme and meaning, but also in the pinnacle of its eloquence. Some scholars have tried to prove that he was unlettered in the beginning, but later Allah Ta’ ala taught him how to read and write. In support of their contention they quote a hadith regarding the incident of Hudaibiyah, which says that when the agreement between the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the infidels of Makkah was being written, it was started by the Muslims with the words, مِن مُحَمَّدِ عبد اللہ وَ رسَوُلِہٖ - (From Muhammad, the slave of Allah and His messenger). On this the disbelievers of Makkah objected that his being the messenger of Allah was the real bone of contention, and if they had accepted him as a messenger of Allah, there would not have been any dispute among them. Therefore, they would not accept the words ` and His messenger' along with his name. Sayyidna Ali ؓ had written this agreement, so, the Holy Prophet ﷺ asked him to erase it, to which he declined out of respect and reverence for him. Then the Holy Prophet ﷺ took the paper in his own hand, and after erasing the words ` His messenger' wrote مِن مُحَمَّدِ بن عَبدَاللہِ (From Muhammad, the son of ` Abdullah). In this narration, the act of writing has been attributed to the Holy Prophet ﷺ which led some people to think that he knew how to write. But the correct position is that the act of writing was attributed to him in the narration as a colloquial expression. It is a fairly common idiom spoken quite widely that if someone gets something written by an ascribe, the writing is attributed to the former, even though he has not written it himself. The other possibility is that Allah Ta’ ala made him write this bit miraculously on this occasion. Also, by writing just a few words, one cannot be called a literate, but would still remain an unlettered. Furthermore, it would not be an honour for him to be labeled as literate, rather the honour is in him being an unlettered.
(On the day when the doom will overwhelm them) will seize them (from above them) from above their heads (and from beneath their feet) upon being cast in the Fire, (and He will say) to them: (Taste what ye used to do) because of what you used to do and say in your state of disbelief!