Saba, Sheba — Verse 12

The Favors which Allah bestowed upon Sulayman Having mentioned the blessings with which He favored Dawud, Allah follows this by mentioning what He gave to Dawud's son Sulayman (Solomon), may peace be upon them both. He subjugated the wind to him, so that it would carry his carpet one way for a month, then back again the next month. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "He set out from Damascus in the morning, landed in Istakhar where he ate a meal, then flew on from Istakhar and spent the night in Kabil." Between Damascus and Istakhar is an entire month's travel for a swift rider, and between Istakhar and Kabul is an entire month's travel for a swift rider. وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ (And We caused a fount Qitr to flow for him,) Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be plased with him, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, `Ata' Al-Khurasani, Qatadah, As-Suddi, Malik from Zayd bin Aslam, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam and others said, "Qitr means copper." Qatadah said, "It was in Yemen." Allah brought forth all the things that people make for Sulayman, peace be upon him. وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ (and there were Jinn that worked in front of him, by the leave of his Lord.) means, `We subjugated the Jinn to work in front of him,' by the permission of his Lord, i.e., by Allah's decree and subjugation, they built whatever constructions he wanted, and did other work as well. وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا (And whosoever of them turned aside from Our command,) means, whoever among them tried to rebel and disobey, نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ (We shall cause him to taste of the torment of the blazing Fire.) which means, burning. يَعْمَلُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَآءُ مِن مَّحَـرِيبَ وَتَمَـثِيلَ (They worked for him as he desired on Maharib, Tamathil,) Maharib refers to beautiful structures, the best and innermost part of a dwelling. Ibn Zayd said, "This means dwellings." With regard to "Tamathil," `Atiyah Al-`Awfi, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi said that Tamathil means pictures. وَجِفَانٍ كَالْجَوَابِ وَقُدُورٍ رَسِيَـتٍ (large basins like Jawab and Qudur Rasiyat.) Jawab, the plural form of Jabiyah, refers to cisterns or tanks in which water is held, and Qudur Rasiyat are cauldrons that stay in one place and are not moved around because of their great size. This was the view of Mujahid, Ad-Dahhak and others. اعْمَلُواْ ءَالَ دَاوُودَ شُكْراً (Work you, O family of Dawud, with thanks!) means, `We said to them: Work with thanks for the blessings that We have bestowed upon you in this world and the Hereafter.' This indicates that thanks may be expressed by actions as much as by words and intentions. Abu `Abdur-Rahman Al-Hubuli said, "Prayer is thanks, fasting is thanks, every good deed that you do for the sake of Allah is thanks, and the best of thanks is praise." This was recorded by Ibn Jarir. In the Two Sahihs, it is reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: «إِنَّ أَحَبَّ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى صَلَاةُ دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَنَامُ نِصْفَ اللَّيْلِ، وَيَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ، وَيَنَامُ سُدُسَهُ، وَأَحَبَّ الصِّيَامِ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا، وَلَا يَفِرُّ إِذَا لَاقَى» (The most beloved of prayer to Allah is the prayer of Dawud. He used to sleep for half the night, stand in prayer for a third of it and sleep for a sixth of it. The most beloved of fasting to Allah is the fasting of Dawud. He used to fast for a day then not fast for a day, and he never fled the battlefield.) Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Fudayl said concerning the Ayah: اعْمَلُواْ ءَالَ دَاوُودَ شُكْراً (Work you, O family of Dawud, with thanks!) Dawud said, "O Lord! How can I thank you when thanks itself is a blessing from You" He said: "Now you have truly given thanks to Me, for you have realized that it is a blessing from Me." وَقَلِيلٌ مِّنْ عِبَادِىَ الشَّكُورُ But few of My servants are grateful. This is a reflection of reality.

And We disposed for Solomon the wind the nominative reading of al-rīhu would be based on an implicit missing verb sakhkharnā ‘We disposed’ its morning course meaning its journey from the morning to the noon was a month’s journey and its evening course that is its journey from the noon to sunset was a month’s journey. And We caused a fount of molten copper to flow for him in other words We caused the copper to melt for him and so the fount flowed for three days and nights like water and to this day people have been using of that copper which was given to Solomon at that time. And of the jinn there were those who worked before him by the leave by the command of his Lord. And such of them as deviated from Our command to him to obey him Solomon We would make them taste the chastisement of the Blaze the Fire in the Hereafter — but it is also said that their chastisement was in this world in which case an angel would smite one of them with a lash thereof that would scorch him.

And the wind was Solomon's, its morning course a month and its evening course a month. Solomon had beautiful, faultless horses, like birds without wings. When the tale of missing the prayer took place, he drew his sword and cut their necks. It was said to him, “Now that you have done away with them, We will make the wind your mount.” “When someone belongs to God, God belongs to him.” Whenever someone abandons his own gaze, it is replaced by God's gaze. No one has ever abandoned something for God without being given something better in return. MuṣṬafā sent Jaʿfar to battle and made him the head of the army, so the banner of Islam was in his hand. The unbelievers attacked and cut off his hand, so he took up the banner with the other hand. They struck him again and cut off his other hand, and after that he received seventy-some wounds. He left this world as a martyr. He was seen in a dream and asked, “What did God do with you?” He said, “God gave me two wings in place of the hands and with them I fly in the Garden wherever I want with Gabriel and Michael.” AsmāÌ bint ʿAmīs said. God's Messenger was standing and suddenly said, “And upon you be peace.” I said, “To whom were you returning the greeting, O Messenger of God, for I do not see any- one with you.” He said, “That was Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib. He just passed by with Gabriel and Michael.” “O Jaʿfar, you gave your hands. Here are wings. O Solomon, you gave your horses. Here is the wind, your porter on land and sea.” “O truthful lover, if by virtue of your discipline you sacrifice your eyes and throw away your body, then here: Our gentleness is your eyes, Our bounty is your ears, Our generosity your lamp and candle. 'When I love him, I am his hearing and he hears through Me, his eyesight and he sees through Me, his hand and he grasps through Me.' First a man becomes a speaker, then a knower, then a traveler, then a flier. O poor man, have you never wished that one day the bird of your heart would be delivered from the cage of your misfortune and fly in the air of the Real's approval? By the majesty of the Lord God! Nothing will welcome you but the caress of “I come near to him by a cubit.

And the wind was Solomon's, its morning course a month and its evening course a month. Solomon had beautiful, faultless horses, like birds without wings. When the tale of missing the prayer took place, he drew his sword and cut their necks. It was said to him, “Now that you have done away with them, We will make the wind your mount.” “When someone belongs to God, God belongs to him.” Whenever someone abandons his own gaze, it is replaced by God's gaze. No one has ever abandoned something for God without being given something better in return. MuṣṬafā sent Jaʿfar to battle and made him the head of the army, so the banner of Islam was in his hand. The unbelievers attacked and cut off his hand, so he took up the banner with the other hand. They struck him again and cut off his other hand, and after that he received seventy-some wounds. He left this world as a martyr. He was seen in a dream and asked, “What did God do with you?” He said, “God gave me two wings in place of the hands and with them I fly in the Garden wherever I want with Gabriel and Michael.” AsmāÌ bint ʿAmīs said. God's Messenger was standing and suddenly said, “And upon you be peace.” I said, “To whom were you returning the greeting, O Messenger of God, for I do not see any- one with you.” He said, “That was Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib. He just passed by with Gabriel and Michael.” “O Jaʿfar, you gave your hands. Here are wings. O Solomon, you gave your horses. Here is the wind, your porter on land and sea.” “O truthful lover, if by virtue of your discipline you sacrifice your eyes and throw away your body, then here: Our gentleness is your eyes, Our bounty is your ears, Our generosity your lamp and candle. 'When I love him, I am his hearing and he hears through Me, his eyesight and he sees through Me, his hand and he grasps through Me.' First a man becomes a speaker, then a knower, then a traveler, then a flier. O poor man, have you never wished that one day the bird of your heart would be delivered from the cage of your misfortune and fly in the air of the Real's approval? By the majesty of the Lord God! Nothing will welcome you but the caress of “I come near to him by a cubit.

And the wind was Solomon's, its morning course a month and its evening course a month. Solomon had beautiful, faultless horses, like birds without wings. When the tale of missing the prayer took place, he drew his sword and cut their necks. It was said to him, “Now that you have done away with them, We will make the wind your mount.” “When someone belongs to God, God belongs to him.” Whenever someone abandons his own gaze, it is replaced by God's gaze. No one has ever abandoned something for God without being given something better in return. MuṣṬafā sent Jaʿfar to battle and made him the head of the army, so the banner of Islam was in his hand. The unbelievers attacked and cut off his hand, so he took up the banner with the other hand. They struck him again and cut off his other hand, and after that he received seventy-some wounds. He left this world as a martyr. He was seen in a dream and asked, “What did God do with you?” He said, “God gave me two wings in place of the hands and with them I fly in the Garden wherever I want with Gabriel and Michael.” AsmāÌ bint ʿAmīs said. God's Messenger was standing and suddenly said, “And upon you be peace.” I said, “To whom were you returning the greeting, O Messenger of God, for I do not see any- one with you.” He said, “That was Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib. He just passed by with Gabriel and Michael.” “O Jaʿfar, you gave your hands. Here are wings. O Solomon, you gave your horses. Here is the wind, your porter on land and sea.” “O truthful lover, if by virtue of your discipline you sacrifice your eyes and throw away your body, then here: Our gentleness is your eyes, Our bounty is your ears, Our generosity your lamp and candle. 'When I love him, I am his hearing and he hears through Me, his eyesight and he sees through Me, his hand and he grasps through Me.' First a man becomes a speaker, then a knower, then a traveler, then a flier. O poor man, have you never wished that one day the bird of your heart would be delivered from the cage of your misfortune and fly in the air of the Real's approval? By the majesty of the Lord God! Nothing will welcome you but the caress of “I come near to him by a cubit.

And the wind was Solomon's, its morning course a month and its evening course a month. Solomon had beautiful, faultless horses, like birds without wings. When the tale of missing the prayer took place, he drew his sword and cut their necks. It was said to him, “Now that you have done away with them, We will make the wind your mount.” “When someone belongs to God, God belongs to him.” Whenever someone abandons his own gaze, it is replaced by God's gaze. No one has ever abandoned something for God without being given something better in return. MuṣṬafā sent Jaʿfar to battle and made him the head of the army, so the banner of Islam was in his hand. The unbelievers attacked and cut off his hand, so he took up the banner with the other hand. They struck him again and cut off his other hand, and after that he received seventy-some wounds. He left this world as a martyr. He was seen in a dream and asked, “What did God do with you?” He said, “God gave me two wings in place of the hands and with them I fly in the Garden wherever I want with Gabriel and Michael.” AsmāÌ bint ʿAmīs said. God's Messenger was standing and suddenly said, “And upon you be peace.” I said, “To whom were you returning the greeting, O Messenger of God, for I do not see any- one with you.” He said, “That was Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib. He just passed by with Gabriel and Michael.” “O Jaʿfar, you gave your hands. Here are wings. O Solomon, you gave your horses. Here is the wind, your porter on land and sea.” “O truthful lover, if by virtue of your discipline you sacrifice your eyes and throw away your body, then here: Our gentleness is your eyes, Our bounty is your ears, Our generosity your lamp and candle. 'When I love him, I am his hearing and he hears through Me, his eyesight and he sees through Me, his hand and he grasps through Me.' First a man becomes a speaker, then a knower, then a traveler, then a flier. O poor man, have you never wished that one day the bird of your heart would be delivered from the cage of your misfortune and fly in the air of the Real's approval? By the majesty of the Lord God! Nothing will welcome you but the caress of “I come near to him by a cubit.

And the wind was Solomon's, its morning course a month and its evening course a month.Solomon had beautiful, faultless horses, like birds without wings. When the tale of missing the prayer took place, he drew his sword and cut their necks. It was said to him, �Now that you have done away with them, We will make the wind your mount.��When someone belongs to God, God belongs to him.� Whenever someone abandons his own gaze, it is replaced by God's gaze. No one has ever abandoned something for God without being given something better in return. MuṣṬafā sent Jaʿfar to battle and made him the head of the army, so the banner of Islam was in his hand. The unbelievers attacked and cut off his hand, so he took up the banner with the other hand. They struck him again and cut off his other hand, and after that he received seventy-some wounds. He left this world as a martyr. He was seen in a dream and asked, �What did God do with you?�He said, �God gave me two wings in place of the hands and with them I fly in the Garden wherever I want with Gabriel and Michael.�AsmāÌ bint ʿAmīs said. God's Messenger was standing and suddenly said, �And upon you be peace.�I said, �To whom were you returning the greeting, O Messenger of God, for I do not see any- one with you.�He said, �That was Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib. He just passed by with Gabriel and Michael.��O Jaʿfar, you gave your hands. Here are wings. O Solomon, you gave your horses. Here is the wind, your porter on land and sea.��O truthful lover, if by virtue of your discipline you sacrifice your eyes and throw away your body, then here: Our gentleness is your eyes, Our bounty is your ears, Our generosity your lamp and candle. 'When I love him, I am his hearing and he hears through Me, his eyesight and he sees through Me, his hand and he grasps through Me.' First a man becomes a speaker, then a knower, then a traveler, then a flier.O poor man, have you never wished that one day the bird of your heart would be delivered from the cage of your misfortune and fly in the air of the Real's approval? By the majesty of the Lord God! Nothing will welcome you but the caress of �I come near to him by a cubit.

وسخَّرنا لسليمان الريح تجري من أول النهار إلى انتصافه مسيرة شهر، ومن منتصف النهار إلى الليل مسيرة شهر بالسير المعتاد، وأسلنا له النحاس كما يسيل الماء، يعمل به ما يشاء، وسخَّرنا له من الجن من يعمل بين يديه بإذن ربه، ومن يعدل منهم عن أمرنا الذي أمرناه به من طاعة سليمان نذقه من عذاب النار المستعرة.

لما ذكر تعالى ما أنعم به على داود عطف بذكر ما أعطى ابنه سليمان عليهما السلام من تسخير الريح له تحمل بساطه غدوها شهر ورواحها شهر قال الحسن البصري كان يغدو على بساطه من دمشق فينزل بإصطخر يتغدى بها ويذهب رائحا من اصطخر فيبيت بكابل وبين دمشق واصطخر شهر كامل للمسرع وبين اصطخر وكابل شهر كامل للمسرع وقوله تعالى " وأسلنا له عين القطر " قال ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما ومجاهد وعكرمة وعطاء الخراساني وقتادة والسدي ومالك عن زيد بن أسلم وعبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم وغير واحد القطر النحاس قال قتادة وكانت باليمن فكل ما يصنع الناس مما أخرج الله تعالى لسليمان عليه السلام قال السدي وإنما أسيلت له ثلاثة أيام وقوله تعالى: "ومن الجن من يعمل بين يديه بإذن ربه " أي وسخرنا له الجن يعملون بين يديه بإذن ربه أي بقدره وتسخيره لهم بمشيئته ما يشاء من البنايات وغير ذلك " ومن يزغ منهم عن أمرك " أي ومن يعدل ويخرج منهم عن الطاعة " نذقه من عذاب السعير " وهو الحريق وقد ذكر ابن أبي حاتم ههنا حديثا غريبا فقال حدثنا أبي حدثنا أبو صالح حدثنا معاوية بن صالح عن أبي الزهراء عن جبير بن نفير عن أبي ثعلبة الخشني رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: الجن على ثلاثة أصناف صنف لهم أجنحة يطيرون في الهواء وصنف حيات وكلاب وصنف يحلون ويظعنون رفعه غريب جدا وقال أيضا حدثنا أبي حدثنا حرملة حدثنا ابن وهب أخبرني بكر بن مضر عن محمد بن بحير عن ابن أنعم أنه قال: الجن ثلاثة أصناف صنف لهم الثواب وعليهم العقاب وصنف طيارون فيما بين السماء والأرض وصنف حيات وكلاب قال بكر بن مضر ولا أعلم إلا أنه قال حدثني أن الإنس ثلاثة أصناف صنف يظلهم الله بظل عرشه يوم القيامة وصنف كالأنعام بل هم أضل سبيلا وصنف في صور الناس على قلوب الشياطين وقال أيضا حدثنا أبي حدثنا علي بن هاشم بن مرزوق حدثنا سلمة يعني ابن الفضل عن إسماعيل عن الحسن قال الجن ولد إبليس والإنس ولد أدم ومن هؤلاء مؤمنون ومن هؤلاء مؤمنون وهم شركاؤهم في الثواب والعقاب ومن كان من هؤلاء وهؤلاء مؤمنا فهو ولي الله تعالى ومن كان من هؤلاء وهؤلاء كافرا فهو شيطان.

هذا ما أعطاه الله - تعالى - لنبيه داود من فضل ، أما نبيه سليمان بن داود ، فقد أعطاه - سبحانه - أفضالا أخرى ، عبر عنها فى قوله - تعالى - : ( وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الريح غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ ) .والغدوة والغداة : أول النهار إلى الزوال . والرواح من الزوال إلى الغروب .والمعنى : وسخرنا لنبينا سليمان بن داود - عليهما السلام - الريح ، تجرى بأمره فى الغدوة الواحدة مسيرة شهر ، وتعود بأمره فى الروحة الواحدة مسيرة شهر . أى : أنها لسرعتها تقطع فى مقدار الغدوة الواحدة ما يقطعه الناس فى شهر من الزامن ، وكذلك الحال بالنسبة للروحة الواحدة ، وهى فى كل مرة تسير بأمر سليمان ، ووفق إرادته التى منحه الله - تعالى - إياها .وشبيه بهذه الآية قوله - تعالى - : ( وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الريح عَاصِفَةً تَجْرِي بِأَمْرِهِ إِلَى الأرض التي بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا ) وقوله - سبحانه - : ( فَسَخَّرْنَا لَهُ الريح تَجْرِي بِأَمْرِهِ رُخَآءً حَيْثُ أَصَابَ ) ثم بين - تعالى - نعمة ثانية من النعم التى أنعم بها على سليمان فقال : ( وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ القطر ) .والقطر : هو النحاس المذاب . مأخوذ من قطَر الشئ يَقْطُر قَطْراً وقطَرانا ، إذا سال .أى : كما ألنا لداود الحديد ، أسلنا لابنه سليمان النحاس وجعلناه مذابا ، فكان يستعمله فى قضاء مصالحه ، كما يستعمل الماء ، وهذا كله بفضلنا وقدرتنا .ثم بين - سبحانه - نعمة ثالثة أنعم بها على سليمان - عليه السلام - فقال : ( وَمِنَ الجن مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ ) .أى : وسخرنا له من الجن من يكونون فى خدمته ، ومن يعملون بين يديه ما يريده منهم ، وهذا كله بأمرنا ومشيئتنا وقدرتنا .( وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا ) أى : من ينحرف من هؤلاء الجن عما أمرناه به من طاعة سليمان ، ( نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السعير ) أى : ننزل به عذابنا الأليم ، الذى يذله ويخزيه فى الدنيا والآخرة .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَنْ يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ وَمَنْ يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ (12)اختلفت القراء في قراءة قوله (وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ) فقرأته عامة قراء الأمصار (وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ) بنصب الريح، بمعنى: ولقد آتينا داود منا فضلا وسخرنا لسليمان الريحَ. وقرأ ذلك عاصم: (وَلِسُلَيْمِانَ الرِّيحُ) رفعًا بحرف الصفة إذ لم يظهر الناصب.والصواب من القراءة في ذلك عندنا النصب لإجماع الحجة من القراء عليه.وقوله (غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ) يقول تعالى ذكره: وسخرنا لسليمان الريح، غدوها إلى انتصاف النهار مسيرة شهر، ورواحها من انتصاف النهار إلى الليل مسيرة شهر.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا بشر قال ثنا يزيد قال ثنا سعيد عن قتادة قوله (وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ) قال: تغدو مسيرة شهر وتروح مسيرة شهر، قال: مسيرة شهرين في يوم.حدثنا ابن حميد قال ثنا سلمة عن أَبي إسحاق عن بعض أهل العلم عن وهب بن منبه (وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ) قال: ذكر لي أن منـزلا بناحية دجلة مكتوب فيه كتاب كتبه بعض صحابة سليمان؛ إما من الجن وإما من الإنس: نحن نـزلناه وما بنيناه، ومبنيًّا وجدناه، غدونا من إصطخر فقِلناه، ونحن رائحون منه إن شاء الله فبائتون بالشام.حدثنا يونس قال أخبرنا ابن وهب قال قال ابن زيد في قوله (وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ) قال: كان له مركب من خشب، وكان فيه ألف ركن، في كل ركن ألف بيت تركب فيه الجن والإنس، تحت كل ركن ألف شيطان، يرفعون ذلك المركب هم والعصار (6) فإذا ارتفع أتت الريح رخاء فسارت به وساروا معه، يقيل عند قوم بينه وبينهم شهر، ويمسي عند قوم بينه وبينهم شهر، ولا يدري القوم إلا وقد أظلهم معه الجيوش والجنود.حدثنا ابن بشار قال ثنا أَبو عامر قال ثنا قرة عن الحسن في قوله (غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ) قال: كان يغدو فيقيل في إصطخر، ثم يروح منها فيكون رواحها بكابل.حدثنا ابن بشار قال ثنا حماد قال ثنا قرة عن الحسن بمثله.وقوله (وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ) يقول: وأذبنا له عين النحاس، وأجريناها له.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا بشر قال ثنا يزيد قال ثنا سعيد عن قتادة (وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ) عين النحاس كانت بأرض اليمن، وإنما ينتفع اليوم بما أخرج الله لسليمان.حدثني يونس قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب قال: قال ابن زيد في قوله (وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ) قال: الصِّفر سال كما يسيل الماء، يعمل به كما كان يعمل العجين في اللبن.حدثني علي قال: ثنا أَبو صالح قال: ثني معاوية عن علي عن ابن عباس قوله (وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ) يقول: النحاس.حدثني محمد بن سعد قال: ثني أَبي قال: ثني عمي قال: ثني أَبي عن أبيه عن ابن عباس قوله (وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ) يعني: عين النحاس أسيلت.وقوله (وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَنْ يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ) يقول تعالى ذكره: ومن الجن من يطيعه ويأتمر بأمره وينتهى لنهيه؛ فيعمل بين يديه ما يأمره طاعة له بإذن ربه، يقول: بأمر الله بذلك، وتسخيره إياه له (وَمَنْ يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا) يقول: ومن يزل ويعدل من الجن عن أمرنا الذي أمرناه من طاعة سليمان (نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ) في الآخرة، وذلك عذاب نار جهنم الموقدة.وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا بشر قال ثنا يزيد قال ثنا سعيد عن قتادة، وقوله (وَمَنْ يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا) أي: يعدل منهم عن أمرنا عمَّا أمره به سليمان (نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ) .---------------------الهوامش :(6) في (اللسان: عصر)، الإعصار والعصار (ككتاب) أن تهيج الريح فترفعه. والعصار: الغبار الشديد.

( ولسليمان الريح ) أي : وسخرنا لسليمان الريح ، وقرأ أبو بكر عن عاصم : الريح بالرفع أي : له تسخير الريح ( غدوها شهر ورواحها شهر ) أي : سير غدو تلك الريح المسخرة له مسيرة شهر ، وسير رواحها مسيرة شهر ، وكانت تسير به في يوم واحد مسيرة شهرين .قال الحسن : كان يغدو من دمشق فيقيل باصطخر وبينهما مسيرة شهر ، ثم يروح من اصطخر فيبيت بكابل وبينهما مسيرة شهر للراكب المسرع . وقيل : إنه كان يتغدى بالري ويتعشى بسمرقند .( وأسلنا له عين القطر ) أي : أذبنا له عين النحاس ، و " القطر " : النحاس .قال أهل التفسير : أجريت له عين النحاس ثلاثة أيام بلياليهن كجري الماء ، وكان بأرض اليمن ، وإنما ينتفع الناس اليوم بما أخرج الله لسليمان .( ومن الجن من يعمل بين يديه بإذن ربه ) بأمر ربه ، قال ابن عباس : سخر الله الجن لسليمان وأمرهم بطاعته فيما يأمرهم به ( ومن يزغ ) أي : يعدل ) ( منهم ) من الجن ) ( عن أمرنا ) الذي أمرنا به من طاعة سليمان ( نذقه من عذاب السعير ) في الآخرة ، وقال بعضهم : في الدنيا وذلك أن الله - عز وجل - وكل بهم ملكا بيده سوط من نار فمن زاغ منهم عن أمر سليمان ضربه ضربة أحرقته .

وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَنْ يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِ وَمَنْ يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ (12)عطف فضيلة سليمان على فضيلة داود للاعتبار بما أوتيه سليمان من فضل كرامةً لأبيه على إنابته ولسليمان على نشأته الصالحة عند أبيه ، فالعطف على { لقد آتينا داود منا فضلاً } [ سبأ : 10 ] والمناسبة مثل مناسبة ذكر داود فإن سليمان كان موصوفاً بالإِنابة قال تعالى : { ثم أناب } في سورة ص ( 34 ) .والريح } عطف على { الحديد } في قوله : { وألنا له الحديد } [ سبأ : 10 ] بتقدير فعل يدل عليه { وألنا } . والتقدير : وسخرنا لسليمان الريح على نحو قول الشاعر: ... مُتَقَلِّداً سيفاً ورُمْحاًأي وحاملاً رمحاً .واللام في قوله : { لسليمان } لام التقوية أنه لما حذف الفعل لدلالة ما تقدم عليه قرن مفعوله الأول بلام التقوية لأن الاحتياج إلى لام التقوية عند حذف الفعل أشد من الاحتياج إليها عند تأخير الفعل عن المفعول . و { الريح } مفعول ثان .ومعنى تسخيره الريح : خلق ريح تلائم سيرَ سفائنه للغزو أو التجارة ، فجعل الله لمراسيه في شطوط فلسطين رياحاً موسمية تهبّ شهراً مشرّقة لتذهب في ذلك الموسم سفنه ، وتهبّ شهراً مغرّبة لترجع سفنه إلى شواطىء فلسطين كما قال تعالى : { ولسليمان الريح عاصفة تجري بأمره إلى الأرض التي باركنا فيها } في سورة الأنبياء ( 81 ) .فأطلق الغدوّ على الانصراف والانطلاق من المكان تشبيهاً بخروج الماشية للرعي في الصباح وهو وقت خروجها ، أو تشبيهاً بغدّو الناس في الصباح .وأطلق الرواح على الرجوع من النهمة التي يخرج لها كقول ابن أبي ربيعة: ... أمِن آللِ نعم أنتَ غاد فمُبكِرُغداةَ غَدٍ أمْ رائح فمؤخِّرُ ... لأن عرفهم أن رواح الماشية يكون في المساء فهو مشتق من راح إذا رجع إلى مقره .وقرأ الجمهور ولسليمان الريح } بلفظ إفراد { الريح } وبنصب { الريح } على أنه معطوف على { الحديد } في قوله : { وألنا له الحديد } [ سبأ : 10 ] . وقرأ أبو بكر عن عاصم برفع { الريحُ } على أنه من عطف الجمل و { الريحُ } مبتدأ و { لسليمان } خبر مقدم . وقرأه أبو جعفر { الرياح } بصيغة الجمع منصوباً .و { القِطْر } بكسر القاف وسكون الطاء النحاس المُذاب . وتقدم في قوله تعالى : { قال آتوني أفرغ عليه قطراً } في سورة الكهف ( 96 ) .والإِسالة : جعل الشيء سائلاً ، أي مائعاً منبطحاً في الأرض كمسيل الوادي . وعين القطر } ليست عيناً حقيقة ولكنها مستعارة لمصب ما يصهر في مصانعه من النحاس حتى يكون النحاس المذاب سائلاً خارجاً من فساقي ونحوها من الأنابيب كما يخرج الماء من العين لشدة إصهار النحاس وتَوالي إصهاره فلا يزال يسيل ليصنع له آنية وأسلحة ودَرقاً ، وما ذلك إلا بإذابة وإصهار خارقيْن للمعتاد بقوة إلهية ، شبه الإِصهار بالكهرباء أو بالألسنة النارية الزرقاء ، وذلك ما لم يؤته مَلك من ملوك زمانه .ويجوز أن يكون السيلان مستعاراً لكثرة القِطر كثرة تشبه كثرة ماء العيون والأنهار كقول كُثيّر: ... وسالتْ بأعناق المَطي الأباطحويكون { أسلنا } أيضاً ترشيحاً لاستعارة اسم العين لمعنى مُذاب القطر ، ووجه الشبه الكثرة .وقوله : { ومن الجن من يعمل بين يديه } يجوز أن يكون عطفاً على جملة { وأسلنا له عين القطر } فقوله : { من يعمل بين يديه } مبتدأ وقوله : { بإذن ربّه } خبر . و { من } في قوله : { من الجن } بيان لإِبهام { مَن } قدم على المبيَّن للاهتمام به لغرابته ، وهو في موضع الحال . ولك أن تجعل { من يعمل } عطفاً على { الريح } في قوله : { ولسليمان الريح } أي سَخرنا له من يعمل بين يديه من الجن ، وتجعلَ جملة { وأسلنا له عين القطر } معترضة بين المعطوف والمعطوف عليه .ومعنى { يعمل بين يديه } يخدمه ويطيعه . يقال : أنا بين يديك ، أي مطيع ، ولا يقتضي هذا أن يكون عملتُه الجنّ وحدهم بل يقتضي أن منهم عملة ، وفي آية النمل ( 17 ) { من الجن والإِنس والطير } والزيغ : تجاوز الحد والطريق ، والمعنى : من يَعْص أمرنا الجاري على لسان سليمان .وذِكر الجن في جند سليمان عليه السلام تقدم في سورة النمل .و { عذاب السعير } : عذاب النار تشبيه ، أي عذاباً كعذاب السعير ، أي كعذاب جهنم ، وأما عذاب جهنم فإنما يكون حقيقة يوم الحساب .

لما ذكر فضله على داود عليه السلام, ذكر فضله على ابنه سليمان, عليه الصلاة والسلام, وأن اللّه سخر له الريح تجري بأمره, وتحمله, وتحمل جميع ما معه, وتقطع المسافة البعيدة جدا, في مدة يسيرة, فتسير في اليوم, مسيرة شهرين. { غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ } أي: أول النهار إلى الزوال { وَرَوَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ } من الزوال, إلى آخر النهار { وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ } أي: سخرنا له عين النحاس, وسهلنا له الأسباب, في استخراج ما يستخرج منها من الأواني وغيرها.وسخر اللّه له أيضا, الشياطين والجن, لا يقدرون أن يستعصوا عن أمره, { وَمَنْ يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِنَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ } وأعمالهم كل ما شاء سليمان, عملوه.

قوله تعالى : ولسليمان الريح غدوها شهر ورواحها شهر وأسلنا له عين القطر ومن الجن من يعمل بين يديه بإذن ربه ومن يزغ منهم عن أمرنا نذقه من عذاب السعير .قوله تعالى : ولسليمان الريح قال الزجاج : التقدير وسخرنا لسليمان الريح . وقرأ عاصم في رواية أبي بكر عنه : الريح بالرفع على الابتداء ، والمعنى له تسخير الريح ، أو بالاستقرار ، أي ولسليمان الريح ثابتة ، وفيه ذلك المعنى الأول . فإن قال قائل : إذا قلت أعطيت زيدا درهما ولعمرو دينار ; فرفعته ، فلم يكن فيه معنى الأول ، وجاز أن يكون لم تعطه الدينار . وقيل : الأمر كذا ولكن الآية على خلاف هذا من جهة المعنى ; لأنه قد علم أنه لم يسخرها أحد إلا الله عز وجل . غدوها شهر ورواحها شهر أي مسيرة شهر . قال الحسن : كان يغدو من دمشق فيقيل بإصطخر ، وبينهما مسيرة شهر للمسرع ، ثم يروح من إصطخر ويبيت بكابل ، وبينهما شهر للمسرع . قال السدي : كانت تسير به في اليوم مسيرة شهرين . وروى سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس قال : كان سليمان إذا جلس نصبت حواليه أربعمائة ألف كرسي ، ثم جلس رؤساء الإنس مما يليه ، وجلس سفلة الإنس مما يليهم ، وجلس رؤساء الإنس مما يلي سفلة الإنس ، وجلس سفلة الجن مما يليهم ، وموكل بكل كرسي طائر لعمل قد عرفه ، ثم تقلهم الريح ، والطير تظلهم من الشمس ، فيغدو من بيت المقدس إلى إصطخر ، فيبيت ببيت المقدس ، ثم قرأ ابن عباس : غدوها شهر ورواحها شهر .وقال وهب بن منبه : ذكر لي أن منزلا بناحية دجلة مكتوبا فيه كتبه بعض صحابة سليمان ; إما من الجن وإما من الإنس - : نحن نزلنا وما بنيناه ، ومبنيا وجدناه ، غدونا من إصطخر فقلناه ، ونحن رائحون منه إن شاء الله تعالى فبائتون في الشام . وقال الحسن : شغلت سليمان الخيل حتى فاتته صلاة العصر ، فعقر الخيل فأبدله الله خيرا منها وأسرع ، أبدله الريح تجري بأمره حيث شاء ، غدوها شهر ورواحها شهر . وقال ابن زيد : كان مستقر سليمان بمدينة تدمر ، وكان أمر الشياطين قبل شخوصه من الشام إلى العراق ، فبنوها له بالصفاح والعمد والرخام الأبيض والأصفر . وفيه يقول النابغة :[ ص: 244 ]إلا سليمان إذ قال الإله له قم في البرية فاحددها عن الفند وخيس الجن إني قد أذنت لهميبنون تدمر بالصفاح والعمد فمن أطاعك فانفعه بطاعتهكما أطاعك وادلله على الرشد ومن عصاك فعاقبه معاقبةتنهى الظلوم ولا تقعد على ضمدووجدت هذه الأبيات منقورة في صخرة بأرض يشكر ، أنشأهن بعض أصحاب سليمان عليه الصلاة والسلام :ونحن ولا حول سوى حول ربنا نروح إلى الأوطان من أرض تدمرإذا نحن رحنا كان ريث رواحنا مسيرة شهر والغدو لآخرأناس شروا لله طوعا نفوسهم بنصر ابن داود النبي المطهرلهم في معالي الدين فضل ورفعة وإن نسبوا يوما فمن خير معشرمتى يركبوا الريح المطيعة أسرعت مبادرة عن شهرها لم تقصرتظلهم طير صفوف عليهم متى رفرفت من فوقهم لم تنفرقوله تعالى : وأسلنا له عين القطر القطر : النحاس ; عن ابن عباس وغيره . أسيلت له مسيرة ثلاثة أيام كما يسيل الماء ، وكانت بأرض اليمن ، ولم يذب النحاس فيما روي لأحد قبله ، وكان لا يذوب ، ومن وقته ذاب ; وإنما ينتفع الناس اليوم بما أخرج الله تعالى لسليمان . قال قتادة : أسال الله عينا يستعملها فيما يريد . وقيل لعكرمة : إلى أين سالت ؟ فقال : لا أدري ! وقال ابن عباس ومجاهد والسدي : أجريت له عين الصفر ثلاثة أيام بلياليهن . قال القشيري : وتخصيص الإسالة بثلاثة أيام لا يدرى ما حده ، ولعله وهم من الناقل ; إذ في رواية عن مجاهد : أنها سالت من صنعاء ثلاث ليال مما يليها ; وهذا يشير إلى بيان الموضع لا إلى بيان المدة . والظاهر أنه جعل النحاس لسليمان في معدنه عينا تسيل كعيون المياه ، دلالة على نبوته وقال الخليل : القطر : النحاس المذاب .قلت : دليله قراءة من قرأ : ( من قطر آن ) . ومن الجن من يعمل بين يديه بإذن ربه أي بأمره ومن يزغ منهم عن أمرنا الذي أمرناه به من طاعة سليمان . نذقه من عذاب السعير أي في الآخرة ، قاله أكثر المفسرين . وقيل ذلك في الدنيا ، وذلك أن الله تعالى وكل بهم فيما روى السدي - ملكا بيده سوط من نار ، فمن زاغ عن أمر سليمان ضربه بذلك السوط [ ص: 245 ] ضربة من حيث لا يراه فأحرقته . و ( من ) في موضع نصب بمعنى وسخرنا له من الجن من يعمل . ويجوز أن يكون في موضع رفع ، كما تقدم في الريح .

Solomon had brought about great developments in seafaring and sea trade and it was at his behest that high quality sail-fitted ships were built. With God’s further blessing, his ships always had favourable winds. Similarly, the technique of melting copper and the production of different artefacts from it were well-developed in his period. Solomon utilized these extraordinary powers for constructive and peaceful purposes. Among them was the preparation of the things mentioned in this verse. The entire existence of man is the gift of God. From head to foot, he is the manifestation of His Grace. Therefore, he should have in him feelings of the utmost gratefulness and indebtedness towards God. But, this is the very feeling with which a human being is least imbued. The reason for this is that whatever a man may receive in this world is in the guise of the result of the cause and effect chain. Therefore, he considers it as such—the result of some cause. But this is the real test of man. It is expected that he should see the hand of God in whatever he ostensibly receives through cause and effect. Whatever he obtains, apparently on account of his talents and diligence, should be treated by him as direct gifts from God.

We can now turn to verse 12: وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّ‌يحَ غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ‌ وَرَ‌وَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ‌ (And for Sulayman: (We subjugated) the wind; its journey in the morning was (equal to the journey of) one month, and its journey in the afternoon was (equal to the journey) of another month). After having mentioned the blessings bestowed upon Sayyidna Dawud (علیہ السلام) ، the text refers to Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) . It was said that the way Allah Ta’ ala had subjugated mountains and birds for Sayyidna Dawud (علیہ السلام) ، similarly, the Wind was subjugated for Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) . It would take the throne of Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) on which he was seated with a large number of his courtiers to wherever he wished always under his command. Early exegete, Hasan al-Basri (رح) has said that the miracle of the subjugation of the Wind was bestowed upon Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) in return for what he had done once while inspecting his stable of horses. So engrossed he became in this activity that he missed the Salah of al-'asr. Since the horses became the cause of this negligence, Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) decided to eliminate the very cause of negligence. He sacrificed these horses by slaughtering them (since the sacrifice of horses was also permissible in the law of Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) very much like the cows and oxen) and since these horses were owned by Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) the question of bringing loss to the Baytul-Mal simply does not arise, and the doubt of wasting personal property because of the sacrifice also does not hold good. Full relevant details about it will appear in the commentary on Surah Sad (38:30-40, appearing later in this very Volume VII). In short, because Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) sacrificed the horses he rode, Allah Ta’ ala blessed him with a better ride. (Qurtubi) In the other part of the verse taken up immediately earlier: غُدُوُّهَا شَهْرٌ‌ وَرَ‌وَاحُهَا شَهْرٌ‌ (34:12), the word: غُدُوُّ (ghuduww) means moving in the morning and the word: رَ‌وَاحُ (rawah) means moving in the evening. Thus, the sense of the verse comes to be that this throne of Sulayman (علیہ السلام) perched on the wings of the wind from the morning to the afternoon would cover the travel distance of one month, and then, from early evening to late night, that of another one month. In this way, it used to cover the travel distance of two months in one full day. According to Hasan al-Basri (رح) ، Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) would leave Baytul-Maqdis in the morning, reach Istakhr by afternoon and had his lunch there. Then he would leave after Zuhr and by the time he got to Kabul, it would be night. The travel distance between Baytul-Maqdis and Istakhr is something a swift rider could cover in a month. Similarly, the travel distance from Istakhr to Kabul is also what a swift rider could cover in a month. (Ibn Kathir) To explain the next sentence of verse 12: وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ عَيْنَ الْقِطْرِ‌(And We caused a stream of copper to flow for him), it can be said that Allah Ta’ ala made a metal as hard as the copper turn into a liquid flowing like water, even gushing forth like a stream of water, and was not hot either – so that, utensils and other things of need could be easily shaped from of it. Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ said that this stream started flowing as far as it would take a travel of three days and three nights to cover that distance. And this was located in the land of Yemen. Then, in the narration of Mujahid, it appears that this stream started from San'a' in Yemen and continued to flow like a stream of water up to a travel distance of three days and three nights. Famous grammarian, Khalil Nahwi said that the word: قِطر (qitr) mentioned in this verse means molten copper. (Qurtubi) The next sentence: وَمِنَ الْجِنِّ مَن يَعْمَلُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ (And there were some Jinns who worked before him by the leave of his Lord - 34:12) is also connected with the ellipsis (مَحذوف : mahdhuf) of سَخَّرنَا (sakhkharna: We subjugated). The sense is that 'We subjugated for Sulayman (علیہ السلام) such people from among the Jinns who would do the chores he assigned to them before him - as commanded by their Lord. The addition of the expression: بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ (baiyna yadaiyhi: before him) may, perhaps, be there to make it clear that the subjugation of Jinns was not of the kind mentioned in the Qur'an where the text talks about harnessing the Moon and the Sun into the service of human beings. Instead, this subjugation was in the nature of mastery over the Jinns who worked before him like vassals busy doing chores assigned to them. The matter of the subjugation of Jinns As for the subjugation of Jinns (for Sulayman علیہ السلام) mentioned at this place, it was by the command of Allah Ta’ ala and there can be no doubt about its possibility. Similarly, what has appeared in some narrations about some noble Sahabah that they had Jinns made subservient to them, it was the same kind of subjugation by the leave of Allah with which they were blessed as a Karamah. It was not based on any act or recitation (Wazifah) on their part - as mentioned by 'Allamah Sharbini in Tafsir As-sirajul-Munir under his commentary on this verse. He has cited several events relating to Sayyidna Abu Hurairah, 'Ubaiyy Ibn Ka'b, Mu` aclh Ibn Jabal, ` Umar Ibn al-Khattab, Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, Zayd Ibn Thabit and others ؓ which prove that the Jinns used to be at their service. But, it was nothing but the grace and mercy of Allah Ta’ ala that, like Sayyidna Sulayman علیہ السلام ، He made some Jinns subservient to these blessed souls. But, the particular 'subjugation' through incantations and correlated sets of self-invented actions popular among عَامِل 'amils or practitioners of this line of activity is something one should take with a pinch of salt and first find out the Islamic rule of guidance in this matter. Qadi Badruddin Shibli al-Hanafi who is one of the scholars of the eighth century has written a book, 'Akam- ul-Marjan fi Ahkam- il-Jann' on this subject. According to him, it is Sayyidna Sulayman علیہ السلام who has been the first one to have the Jinn into his service with the leave of Allah and as a miracle. And the people of Persia attribute this to Jamshaid Ibn Onjahan as being served by the Jinns. Similarly, there are events on record about 'Asif Ibn Barkhiya and others who were connected with Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) which indicate that they too had Jinns subservient to them. Then, the most famous among Muslims are Abu Nasr Ahmad Ibn Hilal al-Bukail and Hilal Ibn Wasif attributed to whom there are many unusual events of the subservience of the Jinns to them. Hilal Ibn Wasif has written a full book in which he has put together what the Jinns said to Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) and the pledges Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) took from them. Qadi Badruddin has written in this very book that generally the 'amils who do their thing to subjugate the Jinns use shaitanic words of infidelity (Kufr) and sorcery (Sehr) liked by infidel Jinns and shaitans. The secret of why they would accept to become their vassals is nothing but that they stand placated by their deeds soaked in kufr and shirk and go on to do a few jobs for them by way of bribe. This is the reason why in doing things of this nature, they would write the Holy Qur'an with blood and other impurities. Hence, the disbelieving Jinns and shaitans, pleased with their evil offering, would do what they want them to do. However, about a person named Ibn al-Imam, he has written that he lived during the period of Khalifah Mu'tadid bil-lah and he had subjugated the Jinns through the effective use of Divine Names. As such, there was nothing in his recitations that would go counter to the Shari` ah. ('Akam-ul-Marjan, p. 100) In short, if the Jinns get subjugated for someone, without his own intention or motivated action, solely being something from Allah, as it stands proved in the case of Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) and some noble Sahabah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، then, that is included under Mu'jizah (miracle shown at the hands of a prophet of Allah) or karamah (working of wonder in the nature of a miracle shown at the hands of men of Allah). And such subservience when achieved through bland pragmatism of formula incantations (` amaliyat) would be judged on the basis of its active content. If it contains words of Kufr, or deeds of kufr, it will be nothing but kufr (disbelief, infidelity) - and if it is composed of disobedience or sin only, then, it is a major sin. Then, there are strange words used in such formula invocations and actions. Their meanings are not known. These too have been classed by Muslim jurists as impermissible on the basis that the possibility of such words being loaded with words that contain kufr, shirk and sinfulness cannot be ruled out. In 'Akam-ul-Marjan, Qadi Badruddin has written that the use of words the meanings of which are not known is also impermissible. And if this act of subjugation be through Divine Names or Qur'anic Verses and there also be no such sin like the use of impurities in it, then, it is permissible with the condition that the aim thereby should be to remain personally safe against harm caused by the Jinns, or save other Muslims from it. In other words, the aim should be to remove harm, and not to secure benefits, because if it is adopted as a profession to earn money, it amounts to the enslavement of someone created free and to exacting forced labour without remuneration, hence prohibited (haram). Allah knows best. The last sentence of verse 12 is: وَمَن يَزِغْ مِنْهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِ‌نَا نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ‌ (And whoever of them would deviate from Our command, We would make him taste the punishment of the blazing fire.) Most commentators have taken this to mean the punishment of Jahannam (Hell) in the hereafter. Some others have said that, in this world as well, Allah Ta’ ala had set an angel upon them who, in case they fell short in obeying Sayyidna Sulayman (علیہ السلام) ، would beat them with burning lashes and force them to work. (Qurtubi) The doubt that the Jinns are made of fire after all and the fire would hardly affect them is not worth entertaining here. The reason is that the Jinns are made of fire in the same sense as man is made of dust. It means that the preponderant element of man is dust. Still if man were to be hit by a clod of clay, or stone, it would hurt him. Similarly, the preponderant element of the Jinns is fire. But, pure and potent fire would burn them too.

(And unto Solomon (We gave) the wind) and We made the wind subservient to Solomon, (whereof the morning course was a month's journey) He would go in the morning from Jerusalem to Istakhr, which was a month's journey (and the evening course a month's journey) and come back in the evening from Istakhr to Jerusalem which was another month's journey, (and We caused the fount of copper to gush forth for him) to make of it what whatever he pleased, (and (We gave him) certain of the jinn) and made the jinn subservient to him (who worked before him) by means of magic buildings and other things (by permission of his Lord) by command of his Lord. (And such of them as deviated from) as disobey or rebel against (Our command) with which We commanded them; it is also said that this means: the command of Solomon, (them We caused to taste the punishment of flaming fire) it is also said that an angel hit with a pillar of fire whoever disobeyed among the jinn.