She That is to be Examined, Examining her, She Who is Tested — Verse 13

O you who believe do not befriend a people against whom God is wrathful namely the Jews. They have truly despaired of the Hereafter of attaining its reward — despite their being certain of its truth out of obstinacy towards the Prophet even though they know him to be sincere — just as the disbelievers have despaired — they themselves being — of those who are in the tombs that is to say those who are entombed and barred from the good of the Hereafter for they are shown both their would-have-been places in Paradise had they believed and the Fire for which they are destined.

يا أيها الذين آمنوا بالله ورسوله، لا تتخذوا الذين غضب الله عليهم؛ لكفرهم أصدقاء وأخلاء، قد يئسوا من ثواب الله في الآخرة، كما يئس الكفار المقبورون، من رحمة الله في الآخرة؛ حين شاهدوا حقيقة الأمر، وعلموا علم اليقين أنهم لا نصيب لهم منها، أو كما يئس الكفار مِن بَعْث موتاهم -أصحاب القبور-؛ لاعتقادهم عدم البعث.

ينهى تبارك وتعالى عن موالاة الكافرين في آخر هذه السورة كما نهى عنها في أولها فقال تعالى "يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تتولوا قوما غضب الله عليهم" يعني اليهود والنصارى وسائر الكفار ممن غضب الله عليه ولعنه واستحق من الله الطرد والإبعاد فكيف توالونهم وتتخذونهم أصدقاء وأخلاء وقد يئسوا من الآخرة أي ثواب الآخرة ونعيمها في حكم الله عز وجل. وقوله تعالى "كما يئس الكفار من أصحاب القبور" فيه قولان أحدهما كما يئس الكفار الأحياء من قراباتهم الذين في القبور أن يجتمعوا بهم بعد ذلك لأنهم لا يعتقدون بعثا ولا نشورا فقد انقطع رجاؤهم منهم فيما يعتقدونه. قال العوفي عن ابن عباس "يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تتولوا قوما غضب الله عليهم" إلى آخر السورة يعني من مات من الذين كفروا فقد يئس الأحياء من الذين كفروا أن يرجعوا إليهم أو يبعثهم الله عز وجل وقال الحسن البصري "كما يئس الكفار من أصحاب القبور" قال الكفار الأحياء قد يئسوا من الأموات وقال قتادة كما يئس الكفار أن يرجع إليهم أصحاب القبور الذين ماتوا وكذا قال الضحاك رواهن ابن جرير والقول الثاني معناه كما يئس الكفار الذين هم في القبور من كل خير قال الأعمش عن أبي الضحى عن مسروق عن ابن مسعود "كما يئس الكفار من أصحاب القبور" قال كما يئس هذا الكافر إذا مات وعاين ثوابه واطلع عليه وهذا قول مجاهد وعكرمة ومقاتل وابن زيد والكلبي ومنصور وهو اختيار ابن جرير رحمه الله. آخر تفسير سورة الممتحنة ولله الحمد والمنة.

وكما افتتح - سبحانه - السورة الكريمة بنداء للمؤمنين ، نهاهم فيه عن موالاة أعدائه وأعدائهم ، اختتمها - أيضا - بنداء لهم ، نهاهم فيه مرة أخرى عن مصافاة قوم قد غضب الله عليهم ، فقال - تعالى - : ( ياأيها الذين آمَنُواْ . . . ) .المراد بالقوم الذين غضب الله عليهم : المشركون ، بصفة عامة ، ويدخل فيهم دخولا أوليا اليهود ، لأن هذا الوصف كثيرا ما يطلق عليهم .فقد ذكروا فى سبب نزول هذه الآية ، أن قوما من فقراء المؤمنين ، كانوا يواصلون اليهود . ليصيبوا من ثمارهم ، وربما أخبروهم عن شىء من أخبار المسلمين ، فنزلت الآية لتنهاهم عن ذلك .أى : يا من آمنتم بالله - تعالى - حق الإيمان ، ينهاكم الله - تعالى - عن أن تتخذوا الأقوام الذين غضب الله عليهم أولياء ، وأصفيا ، بأن تفشوا إليهم أسرار المسلمين ، أو بأن تطلعوهم على مالا يصح الاطلاع عليه .وقوله - تعالى - : ( قَدْ يَئِسُواْ مِنَ الآخرة كَمَا يَئِسَ الكفار مِنْ أَصْحَابِ القبور ) تعليل للنهى عن موالاتهم ، وتنفير من الركون إليهم .واليأس : فقدان الأمل فى الحصول على الشىء ، أو فى توقع حدوثه .والكلام على حذف مضاف ، أى قد يئس هؤلاء اليهود من العمل لللآخرة وما فيها من ثواب ، وآثروا عليها الحياة الفانية . . . كما يئس الكفار من عودة موتاهم إلى الحياة مرة أخرى للحساب والجزاء ، لاعتقادهم بأنه لا بعث بعد الموت ، ولا ثواب ولا عقاب - كما حكى القرآن عنهم ذلك فى آيات كثيرة منها قوله - تعالى - ( قالوا أَإِذَا مِتْنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَاباً وَعِظَاماً أَإِنَّا لَمَبْعُوثُونَ ) فالمقصود من الآية الكريمة ، تشبيه حال هؤلاء اليهود فى شدة إعراضهم عن العمل للأخرة . . . بحال أولئك الكفار الذين أنكروا إنكارا تاما ، أن هناك بعثا للأموات الذين فارقوا الحياة ، ودفنوا فى قبورهم .وعلى هذا الوجه يكون قوله - تعالى - : ( مِنْ أَصْحَابِ القبور ) متعلق بقوله ( يَئِسُواْ ) و ( مِنْ ) لابتداء الغاية .ويصح أن يكون قوله - تعالى - : ( مِنْ أَصْحَابِ القبور ) بيانا للكفار ، فيكون المعنى : قد يئسوا من الآخرة ، وما فيها من جزاء . . كما يئس الكفار الذين ماتوا وسكنوا القبور ، من أن ينالوا شيئا - ولو قليلا - من الرحمة ، أو تخفيف العذاب عنهم ، أو العودة إلى الدنيا ليعملوا عملا صالحا غير الذى أرداهم وأهلكهم .وعلى كلا القولين ، فالآية الكريمة تنهى المؤمنين عن موالاة قوم غضب الله عليهم ، بأبلغ أسلوب ، وأحكم بيان .حيث وصفت هؤلاء القوم ، بأنهم قد أحاط بهم غضب الله - تعالى - بسبب فسوقهم عن أمره ، وإعراضهم عن طاعته ، وإنكارهم للدار الآخرة وما فيها من جزاء .

القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ (13)يقول تعالى ذكره للمؤمنين به من أصحاب رسول الله صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ) من اليهود (قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ ) .واختلف أهل التأويل في تأويل قوله: (قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ ) فقال بعضهم: معنى ذلك: قد يئس هؤلاء القوم الذين غضب الله عليهم من اليهود من ثواب الله في الآخرة، وأن يُبعثوا، كما يئس الكفار الأحياء من أمواتهم الذين هم في القبور أن يرجعوا إليهم.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثني محمد بن سعد، قال: ثني أبي، قال: ثني عمي، قال: ثني أبي، عن أبيه، عن ابن عباس، قوله: ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ) ... الآية، يعني من مات من الذين كفروا، فقد يئس الأحياء من الذين كفروا أن يرجعوا إليهم، أو يبعثهم الله.حدثنا ابن المثنى، قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر، قال: ثنا شعبة، عن منصور بن زاذان، عن الحسين أنه قال في هذه الآية: (قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ ) قال: الكفار الأحياء قد يئسوا من الأموات.حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، عن قتادة، في قوله: (قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ ) يقول: يئسوا أن يُبعثوا كما يئس الكفار أن ترجع إليهم أصحاب القبور الذين ماتوا.حدثنا بشر، قال: ثنا يزيد، قال: ثنا سعيد، عن قتادة، قوله: ( يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ ) ... الآية، الكافر لا يرجو لقاء ميته ولا أجره.حُدثت عن الحسين، قال: سمعت أبا معاذ يقول: ثنا عبيد، قال: سمعت الضحاك يقول في قوله: (قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ ) يقول من مات من الذين كفروا فقد يئس الأحياء منهم أن يرجعوا إليهم، أو يبعثهم الله.وقال آخرون: بل معنى ذلك: قد يئسوا من الآخرة أن يرحمهم الله فيها، ويغفر لهم، كما يئس الكفار الذين هم أصحاب قبور قد ماتوا وصاروا إلى القبور من رحمة الله وعفوه عنهم في الآخرة، لأنهم قد أيقنوا بعذاب الله لهم.* ذكر من قال ذلك:حدثنا ابن المثنى، قال: ثنا محمد بن جعفر، عن شعبة، عن الحكم، عن مجاهد، في هذه الآية (قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ ) ... الآية قال: أصحاب القبور الذين في القبور قد يئسوا من الآخرة.حدثني محمد بن عمرو، قال: ثنا أبو عاصم، قال: ثني عيسى؛ وحدثني الحارث، قال: ثنا الحسن، قال: ثنا ورقاء، جميعًا، عن ابن أَبي نجيح، عن مجاهد، في قوله: (قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ ) قال: من ثواب الآخرة حين تبين لهم عملهن، وعاينوا النار.حدثنا ابن المثنى، قال: ثنا محمد، قال: ثنا شعبة، عن سماك، عن عكرمة أنه قال في هذه الآية (قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ ) ... الآية، قال: أصحاب القبور قد يئسوا من الآخرة.حدثنا ابن عبد الأعلى، قال: ثنا ابن ثور، عن معمر، قال: قال الكلبي: قد يئسوا من الآخرة، يعني اليهود والنصارى، يقول: قد يئسوا من ثواب الآخرة وكرامتها، كما يئس الكفار الذين قد ماتوا فهم في القبور من الجنة حين رأوا مقعدهم من النار.حدثني يونس، قال: أخبرنا ابن وهب، قال، قال ابن زيد، في قول الله (لا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا ) ... الآية، قال: قد يئس هؤلاء الكفار من أن تكون لهم آخرة، كما يئس الكفار الذين ماتوا الذين في القبور من أن تكون لهم آخرة، لما عاينوا من أمر الآخرة، فكما يئس أولئك الكفار، كذلك يئس هؤلاء الكفار؛ قال: والقوم الذين غضب الله عليهم، يهودهم الذين يئسوا من أن تكون لهم آخرة، كما يئس الكفار قبلهم من أصحاب القبور، لأنهم قد علموا كتاب الله وأقاموا على الكفر به، وما صنعوا وقد علموا.حدثنا ابن حُميد، قال: ثنا جرير، عن منصور، في قوله: (يَئِسُوا مِنَ الآخِرَةِ ) ... الآية، قال: قد يئسوا أن يكون لهم ثواب الآخرة، كما يئس من في القبور من الكفار من الخير، حين عاينوا العذاب والهوان.وأولى القولين في ذلك عندي بالصواب قول من قال: قد يئس هؤلاء الذين غضب الله عليهم من اليهود من ثواب الله لهم في الآخرة، وكرامته لكفرهم وتكذيبهم رسوله محمدًا صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم على علم منهم بأنه لله نبيّ، كما يئس الكفار منهم الذين مضوا قبلهم فهلكوا، فصاروا أصحاب القبور، وهم &; 23-349 &; على مثل الذي هؤلاء عليه من تكذيبهم عيسى؛ صلوات الله عليه وغيره من الرسل، من ثواب الله وكرامته إياهم.وإنما قلنا: ذلك أولى القولين بتأويل الآية، لأن الأموات قد يئسوا من رجوعهم إلى الدنيا، أو أن يُبعثوا قبل قيام الساعة المؤمنون والكفار، فلا وجه لأن يخصّ بذلك الخبر عن الكفار، وقد شركهم في الإياس من ذلك المؤمنون.آخر تفسير سورة الممتحنة.

قوله - عز وجل - : ( يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تتولوا قوما غضب الله عليهم ) وهم اليهود وذلك أن أناسا من فقراء المسلمين كانوا يخبرون اليهود أخبار المسلمين يتوصلون إليهم بذلك فيصيبون من ثمارهم فنهاهم الله عن ذلك ( قد يئسوا ) يعني هؤلاء اليهود ( من الآخرة ) بأن يكون لهم فيها ثواب وخير ( كما يئس الكفار من أصحاب القبور ) أي : كما يئس الكفار الذين ماتوا وصاروا في القبور من أن يكون لهم حظ وثواب في الآخرة . قال مجاهد : الكفار حين دخلوا قبورهم أيسوا من رحمة الله . قال سعيد بن جبير : يئسوا من الآخرة كما يئس الكفار الذين ماتوا فعاينوا الآخرة . وقيل : كما يئس الكفار من أصحاب القبور أن يرجعوا إليهم .

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الْآَخِرَةِ كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ (13)بعد أن استقصت السورة إرشاد المسلمين إلى ما يجب في المعاملة مع المشركين ، جاء في خاتمتها الإِرشاد إلى المعاملة مع قوم ليسوا دون المشركين في وجوب الحذر منهم وهم اليهود ، فالمراد بهم غير المشركين إذ شُبه يأسهم من الآخرة بيأس الكفار ، فتعين أن هؤلاء غير المشركين لئلا يكون من تشبيه الشيء بنفسه .وقد نعتهم الله بأنهم قوم غَضب الله عليهم ، وهذه صفة تكرر في القرآن إلحاقها باليهود كما جاء في سورة الفاتحة أنهم المغضوب عليهم . فتكون هذه الآية مثلَ قوله تعالى : { يأيها الذين آمنوا لا تتخذوا الذين اتخذوا دينكم هزؤاً ولعباً من الذين أوتوا الكتاب من قبلكم والكفار أولياء } في سورة [ العقود : 57 ] .ذلك أن يهود خيبر كانوا يومئذٍ بجوار المسلمين من أهل المدينة . وذكر الواحدي في أسباب النزول } : أنها نزلت في ناس من فقراء المسلمين يعملون عند اليهود ويواصلونهم ليصيبوا بذلك من ثمارهم ، وربما أخبروا اليهودَ بأحوال المسلمين عن غفلة وقِلة حذر فنبههم الله إلى أن لا يتولوهم .واليَأس : عدم توقع الشيء فإذا علق بذاتتٍ كان دالاً على عدم توقع وجودها . وإذ قد كان اليهود لا ينكرون الدار الآخرة كان معنى يأسهم من الآخرة محتمِلاً أن يراد به الإِعراضُ عن العمل للآخرة فكأنهم في إهمال الاستعداد لها آيسُون منها ، وهذا في معنى قوله تعالى في شأنهم : { أولئك الذين اشتروا الحياة الدنيا بالآخرة فلا يخفف عنهم العذاب ولا هم ينصرون } في سورة [ البقرة : 86 ] .وتشبيه إعراضهم هذا بيأس الكفار من أصحاب القبور وجهه شدة الإِعراض وعدم التفكر في الأمر ، شُبه إعراضهم عن العمل لنفع الآخرة بيأس الكفار من حياة الموتى والبعثثِ وفيه تشنيع المشبه ، ومِن أصحاب القبور } على هذا الوجه متعلق ب { يئسوا } . و { الكفار } : المشركون .ويجوز أن يكون { من أصحاب القبور } بياناً للكفار ، أي الكفار الذين هلكوا ورأوا أن لا حظّ لهم في خير الآخرة فشبه إعراض اليهود عن الآخرة بيأس الكفار من نعيم الآخرة ، ووجه الشبه تحقق عدم الانتفاع بالآخرة . والمعنى كيأس الكفار الأمواتتِ ، أي يأساً من الآخرة .والمشبه به معلوم للمسلمين بالاعتقاد فالكلام من تشبيه المحسوس بالمعقول .وفي استعارة اليأس للإِعراض ضرب من المشاكلة أيضاً .ويحتمل أن يكون يأسهم من الآخرة أطلق على حرمانهم من نعيم الحياة الآخرة . فالمعنى : قد أيأسناهم من الآخرة على نحو قوله تعالى : { والذين كفروا بآيات الله ولقائه أولئك يئسوا من رحمتي } في سورة [ العنكبوت : 23 ] .ومن المفسرين الأولين من حمل هذه الآية على معنى التأكيد لما في أول السورة من قوله : { يأيها الذين آمنوا لا تتخذوا عدوي وعدوكم أولياء } [ الممتحنة : 1 ] فالقوم الذين غَضَب الله عليهم هم المشركون فإنهم وُصفوا بالعدوِّ لله والعدوُّ مغضوب عليه ونسب هذا إلى ابن عباس . وجعل يأسهم من الآخرة هو إنكارهم البعث .وجعل تشبيه يأسهم من الآخرة بيأس الكفار من أصحاب القبور أن يأس الكفار الأحياء كيأس الأموات من الكفار ، أي كيأس أسلافهم الذين هم في القبور إذ كانوا في مدة حياتهم آيسين من الآخرة فتكون { مِن } بيانية صفة للكفار ، وليست متعلقة بفعل { يئس } فليس في لفظ { الكفار } إظهار في مقام الإِضمار وإلاّ لزم أن يشبه الشيء بنفسه كما قد توهم .

أي: يا أيها المؤمنون، إن كنتم مؤمنين بربكم، ومتبعين لرضاه ومجانبين لسخطه، { لَا تَتَوَلَّوْا قَوْمًا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ } وإنما غضب عليهم لكفرهم، وهذا شامل لجميع أصناف الكفار. { قَدْ يَئِسُوا مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ } أي: قد حرموا من خير الآخرة، فليس لهم منها نصيب، فاحذروا أن تولوهم فتوافقوهم على شرهم وكفرهم فتحرموا خير الآخرة كما حرموا.[وقوله] { كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّارُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْقُبُورِ } حين أفضوا إلى الدار الآخرة، ووقفوا على حقيقة الأمر وعلموا علم اليقين أنهم لا نصيب لهم منها. ويحتمل أن المعنى: قد يئسوا من الآخرة أي: قد أنكروها وكفروا بها، فلا يستغرب حينئذ منهم الإقدام على مساخط الله وموجبات عذابه وإياسهم من الآخرة، كما يئس الكفار المنكرون للبعث في الدنيا من رجوع أصحاب القبور إلى الله تعالى.تم تفسير سورة الممتحنة،والحمد لله رب العالمين.

قوله تعالى : يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تتولوا قوما غضب الله عليهم قد يئسوا من الآخرة كما يئس الكفار من أصحاب القبورقوله تعالى : يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تتولوا قوما غضب الله عليهم يعني اليهود . وذلك أن ناسا من فقراء المسلمين كانوا يخبرون اليهود بأخبار المؤمنين ويواصلونهم فيصيبون بذلك من ثمارهم فنهوا عن ذلك . قد يئسوا من الآخرة يعني اليهود قاله ابن زيد . وقيل : هم المنافقون . وقال الحسن : هم اليهود والنصارى . قال ابن مسعود : معناه أنهم تركوا العمل للآخرة وآثروا الدنيا . وقيل : المعنى يئسوا من ثواب الآخرة ، قاله مجاهد .ومعنى كما يئس الكفار أي الأحياء من الكفار .من أصحاب القبور أن يرجعوا إليهم ; قاله الحسن وقتادة . قال ابن عرفة : وهم الذين قالوا : وما يهلكنا إلا الدهر . وقال مجاهد : المعنى كما يئس الكفار الذين في القبور أن يرجعوا إلى الدنيا .وقيل : إن الله تعالى ختم السورة بما بدأها من ترك موالاة الكفار ; وهي خطاب لحاطب بن أبي بلتعة وغيره . قال ابن عباس : يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تتولوا أي لا توالوهم ولا تناصحوهم ; رجع تعالى بطوله وفضله على حاطب بن أبي بلتعة . يريد أن كفار قريش قد يئسوا من خير الآخرة كما يئس الكفار المقبورون من حظ يكون لهم في الآخرة من رحمة الله تعالى . وقال القاسم بن أبي بزة في قوله تعالى : قد يئسوا من الآخرة كما يئس الكفار من أصحاب القبور قال : من مات من الكفار يئس من الخير . والله أعلم .

The People of the Book who accept the revealed scriptures, but who are backsliders, and those who are not believers are on the same level as far as the Hereafter is concerned. Those who deny the truth do not expect any human being to be resurrected from his grave. The same is true of those People of the Book who, after embracing Faith have become forgetful of their religious duties and suffer from insensitivity. In spite of their verbal acceptance of the Hereafter, their practical life assumes the same pattern as that of those who deny the truth.

Bai'ah of Women ا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا جَاءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَن لَّا يُشْرِ‌كْنَ بِاللَّـهِ شَيْئًا (0 Prophet, when the believing women come to you, seeking bai'ah [ a pledge of allegiance ] with you that they will not ascribe anything as a partner to Allah, ....60:12). This verse requires the Holy Prophet k to take a pledge from the Muslim women not only to adhere to Islamic articles of faith, but also to all the Islamic precepts. Previously, in verse [ 10] Allah had directed that when the emigrant women come to the believers, they should be tested and examined. The pledge of allegiance in the present verse is a complement to this test of the faith. But the words of the verse are general, and not confined to new Muslim emigrants. In fact, it covers all Muslim women. Accordingly, when the pledge was actually taken, it was not restricted to the emigrant new Muslim women, but the earlier Muslim women joined it as well, as is recorded in Sahih of Bukhari, on the authority of Sayyidah Umm ` Atiyyah ؓ . It is also recorded by Baghawi from Sayyidah Umaimah bint Ruqaiqah ؓ who adds that in the company of a few other women she gave bai'ah (pledge) to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . The Holy Prophet ﷺ added the following over-rider فِیمَا استَطَعتُنَّ وَاَطَقتُنَّ (In as much as you have the ability and strength to carry them out.) Sayyidah Umaimah ؓ says: "This shows that the Holy Prophet ﷺ had more mercy and compassion for us than ourselves, as we wanted to pledge without any restriction or condition, but by utterance of this sentence he reduced the burden and tension of the terms of the loyalty, so that we may not be held guilty for any violation under compelled circumstances." [ Mazhari ]. Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ says, as recorded in Bukhari, that the loyalty of women was their verbal pledge of allegiance, not by touching the hand of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ، as was the custom in the case of men's loyalty. The Holy Prophet's ﷺ blessed hand never touched the hand of any non-mahram. [ Mazhari ] Reports indicate that the bai'ah (pledge of allegiance) of women took place not only on this occasion after Hudaibiyah, but several times later as well. Such a pledge was taken on the day of the Conquest of Makkah. At first, the Holy Prophet ﷺ took pledge of loyalty from men, then he took it from women at mount Safa. Sayyidna ` Umar Ibn Khattab ؓ used to relay the words of loyalty, on behalf of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، to the women gathering at the foot of the mountain, who participated in this pledge. Abu Sufyan's wife, Hind, also participated in this pledge. At first, she felt embarrassed and wanted to hide herself. But the pledge contained some injunctions of Shari’ ah, and she was forced to speak and asked several questions. Mazhari sets out a detailed account of this incident. Men's bai'ah was Concise and Women's bai'ah Elaborate Generally, the bai'ah taken from men was about Faith and Islam. Their pledge did not contain the details of injunctions of Shari'ah, unlike the pledge of women, which contained the details that are forthcoming. The difference between the two pledge is that men's pledging for faith and obedience secures an undertaking to practice the entire system of Shari` ah and religion, and therefore there was no need for details. Women, on the other hand, are generally less intelligent than men. Therefore, details were thought to be necessary. This is the bai'ah that started with women, but later on was not confined to them. As time went on, the same detailed bai'ah was taken from men as well. Prophetic Traditions confirm this [ as transmitted by Sayyidna ` Ubadah Ibn Samit ؓ ] [ Qurtubi ]. Furthermore, the injunctions mentioned in the bai'ah of women in this verse are those regarding which they are normally lax. That is another reason why the following details had to be setry out. There are six injunctions mentioned in the verse; يُبَايِعْنَكَ عَلَىٰ أَن لَّا يُشْرِ‌كْنَ بِاللَّـهِ شَيْئًا seeking bai'ah (pledge of allegiance) with you that they will not ascribe anything as a partner to Allah,....60:12) The first is that they will not ascribe any partner to Allah. Affirmation of faith and avoidance of shirk are vows common to men as well as women. The second pledge is that they shall not commit theft. Many women are wont to stealing from their husband's possessions. Therefore, this vow has been taken. The third vow is that they shall avoid committing adultery. If the women are firm in this, it shall make men's salvation from this sin easier. The fourth vow is that they shall not kill their children. In the Days of Ignorance, it was a common practice to bury infant girls alive and destroy their lives. This clause of the vow is a bar to it. The fifth vow is that they shall not bring calumny against anyone. While referring to this injunction, following words are added: بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْ‌جُلِهِنَّ (...that they falsely attribute between their hands and their feet" ) This phrase has been added in order to indicate that on the Day of Resurrection man's hands and feet will bear witness against his actions. The verse thus warns that he is committing such sins in the presence of four witnesses who will bear witness against him. The word buhtan [ calumny ] is used in its general sense and it is totally forbidden, whether against the husband or any other person or even against a non-believer. Buhtan is even more severe interpreted that sin if it is clause of against the husband. Commentators have buhtan may take place in the following ways: [ 1] a woman may claim that a child born to her from another man is her husband's; [ 2] a woman may take custody of another child and claim that it is her husband's; and [ 3] God forbid! a woman may commit adultery and conceive, and when the child is born, she may impute it to her husband. In short, it is prohibited to give a false ascription of paternity in anyway whatsoever. The sixth vow is a general rule: وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فِي مَعْرُ‌وفٍ (...and will not disobey you in what is recognized [ in Shari` ah ]....60:12) This vow means that they shall obey Allah's Messenger ﷺ and will not disobey him. But the obedience is qualified by the words, "in what is recognized in Shari` ah" that is, the right and good things, although we know for that Allah's Messenger ﷺ will only command people to do right and good. This is because the Muslims in general are made to understand clearly that obedience to any creation in disobedience to Allah is absolutely forbidden, so much so that even obedience to the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been qualified by this condition. Another reason for adding this phrase may be that since this pledge of obedience was taken from women, the Shaitan could whisper evil thoughts into their minds and create deviant ways for them to go awry. The restriction blocked the way. Allah, the Pure and Exalted, knows best! Alliamdulillah The Commentary on Surah Al-Mumtahinah Ends here

(O ye who believe!) referring here to 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy and his fellow believers (Be not friendly) i.e. seeking their help and assistance and divulging to them the secrets of the Prophet (pbuh) (with a folk with whom Allah is wroth) twice; this refers to the Jews when they said: �Allah's Hand is uptight� and again when they disbelieved in Muhammad (pbuh) ((a folk) who have despaired of the Hereafter) who have despaired of the bliss of Paradise (as the disbelievers) the disbelievers of Mecca (despair of those who are in the graves) i.e. of the return of the people of the graves; and it is also said that this means: of the questioning of Munkar and Nakir; and it is also said this means: do not be friendly with a folk with whom Allah is wroth, but rather be of those who glorify Allah and pray to Him'.

عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ - لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ Perhaps Allah will make a Friendship between You and Those, whom You hold as Enemies Allah said to His faithful servants, after ordering them to be enemies with the disbelievers, عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُم مِّنْهُم مَّوَدَّةً (Perhaps Allah will make friendship between you and those, whom you hold as enemies.) meaning affection after animosity, tenderness after coldness and coming together after parting from each other, وَاللَّهُ قَدِيرٌ (And Allah has power (over all things),) Allah is able to gather opposites and bring together hearts, after feeling hostility and hardness. In this case, the hearts will come together in agreement, just as Allah said when He mentioned His favor on the Ansar, وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ كُنتُم أَعْدَآءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُم بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَاناً وَكُنتُمْ عَلَى شَفَا حُفْرَةٍ مِّنَ النَّارِ فَأَنقَذَكُمْ مِّنْهَا (And remember Allah's favor on you, for you were enemies one to another but He joined your hearts together, so that, by His grace, you became brethren and were on the brink of a pit of Fire, and He saved you from it.) (3:103) Also the Prophet said to them, «أَلَمْ أَجِدْكُمْ ضُلَّالًا فَهَدَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي، وَكُنْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فَأَلَّفَكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟» (Did I not find you misguided, and Allah guided you through me; and divided, and Allah united your hearts through me) Allah the Exalted said, وَإِن يُرِيدُواْ أَن يَخْدَعُوكَ فَإِنَّ حَسْبَكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِى أَيَّدَكَ بِنَصْرِهِ وَبِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ - وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لَوْ أَنفَقْتَ مَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ جَمِيعاً مَّآ أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَـكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (He it is Who has supported you with His help and with the believers. And He has united their hearts. If you had spent all that is in the earth, you could not have united their hearts, but Allah has united them. Certainly He is Almighty, All-Wise.) (8:62,63) And in the Hadith: «أَحْبِبْ حَبِيبَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ بَغِيضَكَ يَوْمًا مَا، وَأَبْغِضْ بَغِيضَكَ هَوْنًا مَا، فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ حَبِيبَكَ يَوْمًا مَا» (Love your loved one moderately, because one day, he might become your enemy. Hate your hated one moderately, because one day, he might become your loved one.) Allah's statement, وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.) means, Allah forgives the disbelief of the disbelievers if they repent from it, returned to their Lord and surrendered to Him in Islam. Surely, He is the Oft-Forgiving, the Most-Merciful to those who repent to Him from their sins, no matter what type of the sin it is. The Permissibility of being Kind to Disbelievers who do not fight against the Religion And Allah's s لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُمْ مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ (Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion nor drove you out of your homes,) means, those who did not have a role in your expulsion. Therefore, Allah does not forbid you from being kind to the disbelievers who do not fight you because of the religion, such as women and weak disbelievers, أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ (to deal kindly) to be gentle with them, وَتُقْسِطُواْ إِلَيْهِمْ (and justly with those) to be fair with them إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ (Verily, Allah loves those who deal with equity.) Imam Ahmad recorded that Asma' bint Abu Bakr said, "My mother, who was an idolatress at the time, came to me during the Treaty of Peace, the Prophet conducted with the Quraysh. I came to the Prophet and said, `O Allah's Messenger! My mother came visiting, desiring something from me, should I treat her with good relations' The Prophet said, «نَعَمْ صِلِي أُمَّك» (Yes. Keep good relation with your mother.)" The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah bin Zubayr said, "Qutaylah came visiting her daughter, Asma' bint Abi Bakr, with some gifts, such as Dibab, cheese and clarified (cooking) butter, and she was an idolatress at that time. Asma' refused to accept her mother's gifts and did not let her enter her house. `A'ishah asked the Prophet about his verdict and Allah sent down the Ayah, لاَّ يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَـتِلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ (Allah does not forbid you with those who fought not against you on account of religion) until the end of the Ayah. Allah's Messenger ﷺ ordered Asma' to accept her mother's gifts and to let her enter her house." Allah's statement, إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ (Allah loves those who deal with equity.) was duly explained in the Tafsir of Surat Al-Hujurat. We also mentioned the authentic Hadith, «الْمُقْسِطُونَ عَلى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الْعَرْشِ، الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهَالِيهِمْ وَمَا وَلُوا» (The just, who are fair in their decisions, families and those under their authority, will be on podiums made of light, to the right of the Throne.) The Prohibition of being Kind towards Combatant Disbelievers Allah's statement, إِنَّمَا يَنْهَـكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ قَـتَلُوكُمْ فِى الدِّينِ وَأَخْرَجُوكُم مِّن دِيَـرِكُمْ وَظَـهَرُواْ عَلَى إِخْرَجِكُمْ أَن تَوَلَّوْهُمْ (It is only as regards those who fought against you on account of religion, and have driven you out of your homes, and helped to drive you out that Allah forbids you to befriend them.) (60:9) means, `Allah forbids you from being kind and befriending with the disbelievers who are openly hostile to you, those who fought against you, expelled you and helped to expel you. Allah the Exalted forbids you from being their friends and orders you to be their enemy.' Then Allah stresses His threat against being friends with them, by saying, وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ فَأُوْلَـئِكَ هُمُ الظَّـلِمُونَ (And whosoever will befriend them, then such are the wrongdoers.) As He said; يَـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَّخِذُواْ الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَـرَى أَوْلِيَآءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِّنكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لاَ يَهْدِى الْقَوْمَ الظَّـلِمِينَ (O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as protecting friends, they are but protecting friends of each other. And if any among you takes them (as protecting friends), then surely, he is one of them. Verily, Allah guides not those people who are the wrongdoers) (5:51) After Al-Hudaybiyyah, Emigrant Muslim Women may not be returned to the Disbelievers In Surat Al-Fath, we related the story of the treaty at Al-Hudaybiyyah that was conducted between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the disbelievers of Quraysh. In that treaty, there were these words, "Everyman (in another narration, every person) who reverts from our side to your side, should be returned to us, even if he is a follower of your religion." This was said by `Urwah, Ad-Dahhak, `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd, Az-Zuhri, Muqatil bin Hayyan and As-Suddi. So according to this narration, this Ayah specifies and explains the Sunnah. And this is the best case of understanding. Yet according to another view of some of the Salaf, it abrogates it. Allah the Exalted and Most High ordered His faithful servants to test the faith of women who emigrate to them. When they are sure that they are faithful, they should not send them back to the disbelievers, for the disbelievers are not allowed for them and they are not allowed for the disbelievers. In the biography of `Abdullah bin Abi Ahmad bin Jahsh in Al-Musnad Al-Kabir, we also mentioned that `Abdullah bin Abi Ahmad said, "Umm Kulthum bint `Uqbah bin Abi Mu`ayt emigrated and her brothers, `Umarah and Al-Walid, went after her. They came to Allah's Messenger ﷺ and talked to him about Umm Kulthum and asked that she be returned to them. Allah abolished the part of the treaty between the Prophet and the idolators about the women particularly. So He forbade returning Muslim women to the idolators and revealed the Ayah about testing them." Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas, about Allah's saying: يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتُ مُهَـجِرَتٍ فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ (O you who believe! When believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them;) "Their examination was asking them to testify to La ilaha illallah, and that Muhammad ﷺ is Allah's servant and His Messenger." Mujahid explained the Ayah, فَامْتَحِنُوهُنَّ (examine them) by saying, "Ask them why they migrated. If they came because they were angry with their husbands, or for any other reason, and you realized that they did not embrace the faith, then send them back to their husbands." Allah's statement, فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَـتٍ فَلاَ تَرْجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى الْكُفَّارِ (then if you ascertain that they are true believers, send them not back to the disbelievers.) This Ayah indicates that faith can be recognized and affirmed. The Believing Woman is prohibited from marrying an Idolator and the Believing Man is prohibited from marrying the Idolatress Allah's statement, لاَ هُنَّ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ وَلاَ هُمْ يَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّ (They are not lawful for the disbelievers nor are the disbelievers lawful for them.) This Ayah forbids Muslim women for idolators, which was a lawful marriage in the beginning of Islam. Abu Al-`As bin Ar-Rabi` was married to Zaynab, the Prophet's daughter. She was a Muslim, while Abu Al-`As was still an idolator like his people. When he was captured during the battle of Badr, his wife, Zaynab, sent his ransom, a necklace that belonged to the Prophet's first wife Khadijah. The Prophet became very emotional when he saw the necklace and said to the Companions, «إِنْ رَأَيْتُمْ أَنْ تُطْلِقُوا لَهَا أَسِيرَهَا فَافْعَلُوا» (If you decide to set free the prisoner who belongs to her, then do so.) They did, and Allah's Messenger ﷺ set him free. His ransom was that he send his wife to Allah's Messenger ﷺ. Abu Al-`As fulfilled his promise and sent Zaynab to Allah's Messenger ﷺ along with Zayd bin Harithah. Zaynab remained in Al-Madinah after the battle of Badr, which took place in the second year of Hijrah, until her husband Abu Al-`As bin Ar-Rahi` embraced Islam in the eighth year after the Hijrah. She returned to their marriage without renewing the dowery. Allah's statement, وَءَاتُوهُم مَّآ أَنفَقُواْ (But give them that which they have spent. ) meaning, the husbands of the emigrant women who came from the idolators, return the dowery that they gave to their wives. This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Az-Zuhri and several others. Allah's statement, وَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ (And there will be no sin on you to marry them if you have paid their due to them.) means, when you wish to marry them, then give them their dowery. That is, marry them under the condition that their `Iddah (waiting period) is finished and they have a legal guardian for their marriage etc. Allah said, وَلاَ تُمْسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ (Likewise do not keep disbelieving women,) thus forbidding His faithful servants from marrying idolator women or remaining married to them. In the Sahih, it is recorded that Al-Miswar and Marwan bin Al-Hakam said that after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conducted the treaty with the Quraysh idolators at Al-Hudaybiyyah, some Muslim women emigrated to him and Allah the Exalted sent down this Ayah about them, يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ إِذَا جَآءَكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَـتُ مُهَـجِرَتٍ (O you who believe! When believing women come to you as emigrants) until, وَلاَ تُمْسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ (Likewise do not keep disbelieving women,) Then `Umar bin Al-Khattab divorced two of his wives, who were idolatresses, and one of them got married to Mu`awiyah bin Abi Sufyan, while the other got married to Safwan bin Umayyah. Ibn Thawr narrated that Ma`mar said that Az-Zuhri said, "This Ayah was revealed to Allah's Messenger ﷺ while he was in the area of Al-Hudaybiyyah, after making peace. He agreed that whoever comes from the Quraysh to his side, will be returned to Makkah. When some women came, this Ayah was revealed. Allah commanded that the dowery that was paid to these women be returned to their husbands. Allah also ordered that if some Muslim women revert to the side of the idolators, the idolators should return their dowery to their Muslim husbands. Allah said, وَلاَ تُمْسِكُواْ بِعِصَمِ الْكَوَافِرِ (Likewise do not keep disbelieving women)." Allah's statement, وَاسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقْتُمْ وَلْيَسْـَلُواْ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ (and ask for that which you have spent and let them ask for that which they have spent.) means, ask them for what you have paid to your wives who reverted to the side of the idolators, and they are entitled to get back the dowery that they gave their wives who emigrated to the Muslims. Allah's statement, ذَلِكُمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ (That is the judgement of Allah, He judges between you.) means, this judgement about the treaty and excluding women from its clauses, is a decision that Allah made for His creatures, وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) meaning, He knows what benefits His servants and is the Most Wise about that. Allah the Exalted said, وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّـرِ فَعَـقَبْتُمْ فَآتُواْ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَجُهُمْ مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ (And if any of your wives have gone from you to the disbelievers -- then you succeeded (gained victory) over them; then pay those whose wives have gone, the equivalent of what they had spent.) Mujahid and Qatadah explained this Ayah, by saying, "This is about the disbelievers who did not have a treaty of peace. If a woman flees to the disbelievers and they do not give back what that her husband spent on her, then if a women comes to them (the Muslims) they are not to return to her husband anything until they pay the Muslim whose wife went to them the equivalent of what he spent. " Ibn Jarir recorded that Az-Zuhri said, "The believers abided by Allah's decree and paid what they owed the idolators to compensate for the dowery the idolators gave to the women (who emigrated). However, the idolators refused to accept Allah's judgement for what they owed the Muslims. Allah said to the faithful believers, وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّـرِ فَعَـقَبْتُمْ فَآتُواْ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَجُهُمْ مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ الَّذِى أَنتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ (And if any of your wives have gone from you to the disbelievers -- then you succeeded (gained victory) over them; then pay those whose wives have gone, the equivalent of what they had spent. And have Taqwa of Allah, the One in Whom your are believers.) Therefore, if a Muslim woman reverts to the idolators, the believers should give back the dowery her Muslim husband paid her, from whatever money is left with them from the dowery of women who migrated to the Muslims. They were supposed to return this wealth to the idolator husbands of these emigrant women. If they still have anything they owed the idolators, then they should return it to them." وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌ مِّنْ أَزْوَجِكُمْ إِلَى الْكُفَّـرِ فَعَـقَبْتُمْ فَآتُواْ الَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَجُهُمْ مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُواْ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ الَّذِى أَنتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ (And if any of your wives have gone from you to the disbelievers -- then you succeeded (gained victory) over them; then pay those whose wives have gone, the equivalent of what they had spent. And have Taqwa of Allah, the One in Whom your are believers.) Therefore, if a Muslim woman reverts to the idolators, the believers should give back the dowery her Muslim husband paid her, from whatever money is left with them from the dowery of women who migrated to the Muslims. They were supposed to return this wealth to the idolator husbands of these emigrant women. If they still have anything they owed the idolators, then they should return it to them." The Matters the Women pledged to Al-Bukhari recorded that `A'ishah the wife of the Prophet said, "Allah's Messenger ﷺ used to examine women who migrated to his side according to this Ayah, يأَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ إِذَا جَآءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَـتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ (O Prophet! When believing women come to you pledging to you...) until, إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ (Verily, Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.)" `Urwah said, "`A'ishah said, `When any believing woman agreed to these conditions, Allah's Messenger ﷺ would say to her, «قَدْ بَايَعْتُك» (I have accepted your pledge.) but, by Allah, he never touched the hand of any women at all while taking the pledge from them. He only took their pledge of allegiance by saying, «قَدْ بَايَعْتُكِ عَلى ذَلِك» (I have accepted your pledge.)" This is the wording of Al-Bukhari. Imam Ahmad recorded that Umaymah bint Ruqayqah said, "I came to Allah's Messenger ﷺ with some women to give him our pledge and he took the pledge from us that is mentioned in the Qur'an, that we associate none with Allah, etc; as in the Ayah. Then he said, «فِيمَا اسْتَطَعْتُنَّ وَأَطَقْتُن» (As much as you can bear to implement.) We said, `Surely, Allah and His Messenger are more merciful with us than we are with ourselves.' We then said, `O Allah's Messenger, should you not shake hands with us' He said, «إِنِّي لَا أُصَافِحُ النِّسَاءَ، إِنَّمَا قَوْلِي لِامْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ كَقَوْلِي لِمِائَةِ امْرَأَة» (I do not shake hands with women, for my statement to one woman is as sufficient as my statement to a hundred women.)" This Hadith has an authentic chain of narration; At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah collected it. Al-Bukhari also recorded that Umm `Atiyah said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ took our pledge and recited to us the Ayah, أَن لاَّ يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئاً (...that they will not associate anything with Allah,) and forbade us to wail for the dead. Thereupon, a lady withdrew her hand saying, `But such and such lady shared with me in lamenting (over one of my relatives), so I must reward hers.' The Prophet did not object to that, so she went there and returned to the Prophet and he accepted her pledge of allegiance." Muslim also collected this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that `Ubadah bin As-Samit said, "While we were with the Prophet , he said, «تُبَايِعُونِي عَلى أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكُوا بِاللهِ شَيْئًا، وَلَا تَسْرِقُوا، وَلَا تَزْنُوا، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ» (Pledge to me in that you will not associate any with Allah, nor steal, nor commit Zina, nor kill your children.) Then he recited the Ayah that begins; إِذَا جَآءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَـتُ (when the believing women come to you. ..) and took the pledge of allegiance from the women. He then added, «فَمَنْ وَفَى مِنْكُمْ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللهِ، وَمَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَعُوقِبَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ، وَمَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَسَتَرَهُ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ فَهُوَ إِلَى اللهِ، إِنْ شَاءَ غَفَرَ لَهُ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ عَذَّبَه» (Those among you who fulfill this pledge, will receive their reward from Allah. Those who deviate from any of it and receive the legal punishment (in this life), the punishment will be expiation for that sin. Whoever deviates from any of it and Allah screens him, then it is up to Allah to punish or forgive if He wills.) The Two Sahihs recorded this Hadith. Allah's statement, يأَيُّهَا النَّبِىُّ إِذَا جَآءَكَ الْمُؤْمِنَـتُ يُبَايِعْنَكَ (O Prophet! When the believing women come to you pledging to you) means, `if any woman comes to you to give you the pledge and she accepts these conditions, then accept the pledge from her,' عَلَى أَن لاَّ يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئاً وَلاَ يَسْرِقْنَ (that they will not associate anything with Allah, that they will not steal,) meaning, the property of other people. In the case where a husband is not fulfilling his duty of spending on his wife, then she is allowed to use a part of his wealth, what is reasonable, to spend on herself. This is the case regardless of whether the husband knows about his wife's actions or not, because of the Hadith in which Hind bint `Utbah said, "O Allah's Messenger! Abu Sufyan is a miser! He does not give me sufficient money for the living expense of our family and myself. Am I allowed to secretly take from his money without his knowledge" Allah's Messenger ﷺ said to her, «خُذِي مِنْ مَالِهِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَيَكْفِي بَنِيك» (You may take from what is reasonable and appropriate for you and your children) This Hadith was recorded in the two Sahihs. Allah's statement, وَلاَ يَزْنِينَ (they will not commit Zina,) is similar to His other statement, وَلاَ تَقْرَبُواْ الزِّنَى إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَسَآءَ سَبِيلاً (And come not near to Az-Zina. Verily, it is a Fahishah (immoral act) and an evil way.) (17:32) A Hadith collected from Samurah mentions that for the adulterers and fornicators there is a painful torment in the fire of Hell. Imam Ahmad recorded that `A'ishah said, "Fatimah bint `Utbah came to give her pledge to Allah's Messenger ﷺ, who took the pledge from her, أَن لاَّ يُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئاً وَلاَ يَسْرِقْنَ وَلاَ يَزْنِينَ (that they will not associate anything with Allah, they will not steal, that they will not commit Zina (fornication and adultery),) Fatimah bashfully placed her hand on her head in shyness. The Prophet liked what she did. `A'ishah said, `O woman! Accept the pledge, because by Allah, we all gave the pledge to the same.' She said, `Yes then,' and she gave her pledge to the same things mentioned in the Ayah."' Allah's statement, وَلاَ يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلْـدَهُنَّ (that they will not kill their children,) includes killing children after they are born. The people of Jahiliyyah used to kill their children because they feared poverty. The Ayah includes killing the fetus, just as some ignorant women do for various evil reasons. Allah's statement, وَلاَ يَأْتِينَ بِبُهُتَـنٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ (and that they will not utter slander, fabricating from between their hands and their feet,) Ibn `Abbas said, "It means that they not to attribute to their husbands other than their legitimate children." Muqatil said similarly. Allah's statement, وَلاَ يَعْصِينَكَ فِى مَعْرُوفٍ (and that they will not disobey you in Ma`ruf (good),) means, `that they will obey you when you order them to do good and forbid them from evil.' Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said about Allah's statement, وَلاَ يَعْصِينَكَ فِى مَعْرُوفٍ (and that they will not disobey you in any Ma`ruf (good), ) "This was one of the conditions which Allah imposed on the women." Maymun bin Mihran said, "Allah did not order obedience to His Prophet for other than Ma`ruf, and Ma`ruf is itself obedience." Ibn Zayd said, "Allah commanded that His Messenger, the best of His creation, be obeyed in that which is Ma`ruf." Ibn Jarir recorded that Umm `Atiyah Al-Ansariyah said, "Among the conditions included in our pledge to Allah's Messenger ﷺ to good was not to wail. A woman said, `So-and-so family brought comfort to me (by wailing over my dead relative), so I will first pay them back.' So she went and paid them back in the same (wailed for their dead), and then came and gave her pledge. Only she and Umm Sulaym bint Milhan, the mother of Anas bin Malik, did so." Al-Bukhari collected this Hadith from the way of Hafsah bint Sirin from Umm `Atiyah Nusaybah Al-Ansariyah, may Allah be pleased with her. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Asid bin Abi Asid Al-Barrad said that one of the women who gave the pledge to Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, "Among the conditions included in the pledge that the Messenger took from us, is that we do not disobey any act of Ma`ruf (good) that he ordains. We should neither scratch our faces, pull our hair (in grief), tear our clothes nor wail." يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لاَ تَتَوَلَّوْاْ قوْماً غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ (O you who believe! Take not as friends the people who incurred the wrath of Allah.) referring to the Jews, Christians and the rest of the disbelievers whom Allah became angry with and cursed. Those who deserved being rejected and banished by Him. (Allah says here), `how can you become their allies, friends and companions, after Allah decided that they earn the despair of receiving any good or delights in the Hereafter' Allah's statement, كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّـرُ مِنْ أَصْحَـبِ الْقُبُورِ (just as the disbelievers have despaired of those (buried) in graves.) This has two possible meanings. First, the disbelievers despair of ever again meeting their relatives buried in graves, because they do not believe in Resurrection or being brought back to life. Therefore, they have no hope that they will meet them again, according to their creed. Secondly, just as the disbelievers who are buried in graves have lost hope in receiving any kind of goodness (i.e., after seeing the punishment and knowing that Resurrection is true). Al-A`mash reported from Abu Ad-Duha from Masruq that Ibn Mas`ud said, كَمَا يَئِسَ الْكُفَّـرُ مِنْ أَصْحَـبِ الْقُبُورِ (just as the disbelievers have despaired of those (buried) in graves.) "Just as the disbeliever despairs when he dies and realizes and knows his (evil) recompense." This is the saying of Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Muqatil, Ibn Zayd, Al-Kalbi and Mansur; Ibn Jarir preferred this explanation. This is the end of the Tafsir of Surat Al-Mumtahanah, all praise and thanks be to Allah.