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وَمَاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلَّا بِلِسَانِ قَوۡمِهِۦ لِیُبَیِّنَ لَهُمۡۖ فَیُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ مَن یَشَاۤءُ وَیَهۡدِی مَن یَشَاۤءُۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِیزُ ٱلۡحَكِیمُ ۝٤
wamā arsalnā min rasūlin illā bilisāni qawmihi liyubayyina lahum fayuḍillu l-lahu man yashāu wayahdī man yashāu wahuwa l-ʿazīzu l-ḥakīm
Abraham / Ibrahim (14:4)
Connections 1 multi-source 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

Abdel Haleem

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We have never sent a messenger who did not use his own people’s language to make things clear for them. But still God leaves whoever He will to stray, and guides whoever He will: He is the Almighty, the All Wise
wamā arsalnā min rasūlin illā bilisāni qawmihi liyubayyina lahum fayuḍillu l-lahu man yashāu wayahdī man yashāu wahuwa l-ʿazīzu l-ḥakīm

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Tafsir Commentary

Every Prophet was sent with the Language of His People; Guidance or Misguidance follows the Explanation Allah is Kind and Compassionate with His creation, sending Messengers to them from among them and speaking their language, so that they are able to understand the Message that the Messengers were sent with. Allah said next, فَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِى مَن يَشَآءُ (Then Allah misleads whom He wills and guides whom He wills.) after the proof and evidence have been established for the people, Allah misguides whom He wills from the path of guidance and guides whom He wills to the truth, وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ (And He is the All-Mighty,) whatever He wills occurs and whatever He does not will never occurs, الْحَكِيمُ (the All-Wise.) in His decisions, misleading those who deserve to be misled and guiding those who deserve guidance. This is from Allah's wisdom with His creation, every Prophet He sent to a people spoke their language and everyone of these Prophets were only sent to their people. Muhammad bin `Abdullah, Allah's Messenger ﷺ, was sent to all people. It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Jabir said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, «أُعْطِيتُ خَمْسًا لَمْ يُعْطَهُنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ قَبْلِي:نُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ مَسِيرَةَ شَهْرٍ، وَجُعِلَتِ لِيَ الْأَرْضُ مَسْجِدًا وَطَهُورًا، وَأُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْغَنَائِمُ وَلَمْ تُحَلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي، وَأُعْطِيتُ الشَّفَاعَةَ، وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَاصَّةً وَبُعِثْتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّة» (I have been given five things which were not given to Anyone else before me. Allah made me victorious by awe, (by His frightening my enemies) for a distance of one month's journey. The earth has been made for me (and for my followers) a place for worship and a purifier. The war booty has been made lawful for me and it was not lawful for anyone else before me. I have been given the right of Intercession (on the Day of Resurrection). Every Prophet used to be sent to his nation only, but I have been sent to all mankind.) Allah said, قُلْ يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا (Say: "O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah...) 7:158
And We have not sent any Messenger except with the tongue with the language of his people that he might make the Message clear to them that he might make them understand what he brings to them; God then sends astray whomever He will and He guides whomever He will; and He is the Mighty in His kingdom the Wise in His actions.
And We have not sent any Messenger except with the tongue of his people, that is, with speech that corresponds with the state in which they are in, in accordance with their preparedness and commensurate with their intellects. For otherwise they would not understand, as that meaning would then be remote from their understanding and would not correspond with their station; and he would not be able to make clear for them the potential in their first preparedness in the way of perfection that befits it and what their ipseities entail according to primordial nature; God then sends astray whomever He will, because of the disappearance of that person's preparedness through dark configurations that have taken deep root [in him] and false beliefs that have settled [in him]; and He guides whomever He will, whomever has remained upon his preparedness, or in whom the veils of his configurations and the forms of his beliefs have not taken deep root; and He is the Mighty, the Strong whose will cannot be overcome and so He guides whomever He wishes to send astray and sends astray whomever He wishes to be guided; the Wise, who manages the affair of guiding the one to be guided by all manner of graces and the affair of the sending astray of the one to be sent astray by all manner of forsaking, as required by [His] ultimate wisdom.
And We have not sent any Messenger except with the tongue of his people, that is, with speech that corresponds with the state in which they are in, in accordance with their preparedness and commensurate with their intellects. For otherwise they would not understand, as that meaning would then be remote from their understanding and would not correspond with their station; and he would not be able to make clear for them the potential in their first preparedness in the way of perfection that befits it and what their ipseities entail according to primordial nature; God then sends astray whomever He will, because of the disappearance of that person's preparedness through dark configurations that have taken deep root [in him] and false beliefs that have settled [in him]; and He guides whomever He will, whomever has remained upon his preparedness, or in whom the veils of his configurations and the forms of his beliefs have not taken deep root; and He is the Mighty, the Strong whose will cannot be overcome and so He guides whomever He wishes to send astray and sends astray whomever He wishes to be guided; the Wise, who manages the affair of guiding the one to be guided by all manner of graces and the affair of the sending astray of the one to be sent astray by all manner of forsaking, as required by [His] ultimate wisdom.
وما أرسلنا مِن رسولٍ قبلك -أيها النبي- إلا بلُغة قومه؛ ليوضِّح لهم شريعة الله، فيضل الله من يشاء عن الهدى، ويهدي من يشاء إلى الحق، وهو العزيز في ملكه، الحكيم الذي يضع الأمور في مواضعها وَفْق الحكمة.
هذا من لطفه تعالى بخلقه أنه يرسل إليهم رسلا منهم بلغاتهم ليفهموا عنهم ما يريدون وما أرسلوا به إليهم كما روى الإمام أحمد حدثنا وكيع عن عمر بن ذر قال: قال مجاهد عن أبي ذر قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " لم يبعث الله عز وجل نبيا إلا بلغة قومه " وقوله " فيضل الله ما يشاء من ويهدي من يشاء " أي بعد البيان وإقامة الحجة عليهم يضل الله من يشاء عن وجه الهدى ويهدي من يشاء إلى الحق " وهو العزيز " الذي ما شاء كان وما لم يشأ لم يكن " الحكيم " في أفعاله فيضل من يستحق الإضلال ويهدي من هو أهل لذلك وقد كانت هذه سنته في خلقه أنه ما بعث نبيا في أمة إلا أن يكون بلغتهم فاختص كل نبي بإبلاغ رسالته إلى أمته دون غيرهم واختص محمد بن عبد الله رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بعموم الرسالة إلى سائر الناس كما ثبت في الصحيحين عن جابر قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم " أعطيت خمسا لم يعطهن أحد من الأنبياء قبلي: نصرت بالرعب مسيرة شهر وجعلت لي الأرض مسجدا وطهورا وأحلت لي الغنائم ولم تحل لأحد قبلي وأعطيت الشفاعة وكان النبي يبعث إلى قومه خاصة وبعثت إلى الناس عامة " وله شواهد من وجوه كثيرة وقال تعالى " قل يا أيها الناس إني رسول الله إليكم جميعا ".
ثم بين - سبحانه - منه أخرى من مننه على عباده فقال : ( وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ . . . ) .قال الإِمام الرازى ما ملخصه : " اعلم أنه - تعالى - لما ذكر فى أول السورة ( كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ الناس مِنَ الظلمات إِلَى النور . . . ) كان هذا إنعاما على الرسول ، من حيث إنه فوض إليه هذا المنصب العظيم ، وإنعاما على الخلق من حيث إنه أرسل إليهم من خلصهم من ظلمات الكفر . . .ثم ذكر فى هذه الآية ما يجرى مجرى تكميل النعمة والإِحسان فى الوجهين :أما بالنسبة إلى الرسول ، فلأن بعثته كانت إلى الناس عامة . .وأما بالنسبة لعامة الخلق ، فلأنه - سبحانه - ما بعث رسولا إلى قوم إلا بلسانهم . . . " .والباء فى قوله " بلسان " للملابسة ، والمراد باللسان : اللغة التى يتخاطب بها الرسول مع قومه . .قال ابن كثير : " هذا من لطفه - تعالى - بخلقه : أنه يرسل إليهم رسلا منهم بلغتهم ليفهموا عنهم ما يريدون ، وما أرسلوا به إليهم كما قال الإِمام أحمد .حدثنا وكيع ، عن عمر بن أبى ذر قال : قال مجاهد : عن أبى ذر قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " لم يبعث الله - عز وجل - نبيا إلا بلغة قومه " .وقال صاحب الكشاف : " فإن قلت : لم يبعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى العرب وحدهم ، وإنما بعث إلى الناس جميعا ، وهم على ألسنة مختلفة . فإن لم تكن للعرب حجة ، فلغيرهم الحجة . وإن لم تكن لغيرهم حجة ، فلو نزل بالعجمية لم تكن للعرب حجة - أيضا - قلت : لا يخلو إما أن ينزل لجميع الألسنة أو بواحد منها ، فلا حاجة إلى نزوله بجميع الألسنة لأن الترجمة تنوب عن ذلك وتكفى التطويل ، فبقى أن ينزل بلسان واحد .فكان أول الألسنة لسان قوم الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم لأنهم أقرب إليه .فإذا فهموا عنه وتبينوه وتنوقل عنهم وانتشر ، قامت التراجم ببيانه وتفهيمه ، كما ترى الحال وتشاهدها من نيابة التراجم فى كل أمة من أمم العجم ، مع ما فى ذلك من اتفاق أهل البلاد المتباعدة ، والأجيال المتفاوتة على كتاب واحد ، واجتهادهم فى تعلم لفظه وتعلم معانيه ، وما يتشعب من ذلك من جلائل الفوائد ، ولأنه أبعد من التحريف والتبديل ، وأسلم من التنازع والاختلاف . . . " وقال الشوكانى : ما ملخصه : " وقد قيل فى هذه الآية إشكال ، لأن النبى - صلى الله عليه وسلم أرسل إلى الناس جمعيا ، ولغاتهم متباينة . . .وأجيب : بأنه - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وإن كان مرسلا إلى الثقلين ، لكن لما كان قومه العرب ، وكانوا أخص به وأقرب إليه ، كان إرساله بلسانهم أولى من إرساله بلسان غيرهم ، وهم يبينونه لمن كان على غير لسانهم .ولو نزل القرآن بجميع لغات من أرسل إليهم ، وبينه الرسول لكل قوم بلسانهم ، لكان ذلك مظنة للاختلاف ، وفتحا لباب التنازع ، لأن كل أمة قد تدعى من المعانى فى لسانها ما لا عرفه غيرها .وربما كان ذلك - أيضا - مفضيا إلى التحريف والتصحيف ، بسبب الدعاوى الباطلة التى يقع فيها المتعصبون " .وجملة ( فَيُضِلُّ الله مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِي مَن يَشَآءُ ) مستأنفة .أى : فيضل الله من يشاء إضلاله ، أى يخلق فيه الضلال لوجود أسبابه المؤدية إليه فيه .ويهدى من يشاء هدايته ، لاراد لمشيئته ، ولا معقب لحكمه ." وهو " سبحانه " العزيز " الذى لا يغلبه غالب " الحكيم " فى كل أفعاله وتصرفاته .قال صاحب تفسير التحرير والتنوير : وتفريع قوله " فيضل الله من يشاء . . . إلخ " على مجموع جملة ( وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ بِلِسَانِ قَوْمِهِ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَهُمْ ) ، ولذلك جاء فعل " يضل " مرفوعا غير منصوب ، إذ ليس عطفا على فعل " ليبين " لأن الإِضلال لا يكون معلولا للتبين ولكنه مفرع على الإِرسال المعلل بالتبيين .والمعنى : أن الإِرسال بلسان قومه لعلة التبيين . وقد يحصل أثر التبيين بمعرفة الاهتداء ، وقد لا يحصل أثره بسبب ضلال المبين لهم .وبذلك نرى الآيات الكريمة قد بينت وظيفة القرآن الكريم ، ووظيفة الرسول - صلى الله عليه وسلم - كما توعدت الكافرين بسوء المصير إذا ما استمروا فى كفرهم وغيهم ، كما وضحت بعض مظاهر قدرة الله - تعالى - ولطفه بعباده ، وفضله عليهم .
قال أبو جعفر : يقول تعالى ذكره: وما أرسلنا إلى أمة من الأمم ، يا محمد، من قبلك ومن قبلِ قومك ، رسولا إلا بلسان الأمة التي أرسلناه إليها ولغتهم ( ليبين لهم ) يقول: ليفهمهم ما أرسله الله به إليهم من أمره ونَهيه ، ليُثْبت حجة الله عليهم ، ثم التوفيقُ والخذلانُ بيد الله ، فيخذُل عن قبول ما أتاه به رسُوله من عنده من شاء منهم ، ويوفّق لقبوله من شاء ولذلك رفع " فيُضلُّ" ، لأنه أريد به الابتداء لا العطف على ما قبله ، كما قيل: لِنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ وَنُقِرُّ فِي الأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَاءُ [ سورة الحج : 5 ] (وهو العزيز) (37) الذي لا يمتنع مما أراده من ضلال أو هداية من أرادَ ذلك به (الحكيم) ، في توفيقه للإيمان من وفَّقه له ، وهدايته له من هداه إليه ، وفي إضلاله من أضلّ عنه ، وفي غير ذلك من تدبيره. (38)* * *وبنحو الذي قلنا في ذلك قال أهل التأويل.* ذكر من قال ذلك:20560- حدثنا بشر قال ، حدثنا يزيد قال ، حدثنا سعيد ، عن قتادة قوله: ( وما أرسلنا من رسول إلا بلسان قومه ) ، أي بلغة قومه ما كانت . قال الله عز وجلّ: ( ليبين لهم ) الذي أرسل إليهم ، ليتخذ بذلك الحجة . قال الله عز وجلّ: ( فيضل الله من يشاء ويهدي من يشاء وهو العزيز الحكيم ).--------------------------الهوامش :(37) انظر تفسير " العزيز " ، فيما سلف قريبًا : 511 ، تعليق : 4 ، والمراجع هناك .(38) انظر تفسير " الحكيم " فيما سلف من فهارس اللغة .
قوله تعالى : ( وما أرسلنا من رسول إلا بلسان قومه ليبين لهم ) بلغتهم ليفهموا عنه . فإن قيل : كيف هذا وقد بعث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى كافة الخلق ؟قيل : بعث من العرب بلسانهم ، والناس تبع لهم ، ثم بث الرسل إلى الأطراف يدعونهم إلى الله عز وجل ويترجمون لهم بألسنتهم .( فيضل الله من يشاء ويهدي من يشاء وهو العزيز الحكيم ) .
إذا كانت صيغة القصر مستعملة في ظاهرها ومسلّطة على متعلّقي الفعل المقصور كان قصراً إضافياً لقلب اعتقاد المخاطبين ، فيتعين أن يكون ردّاً على فريق من المشركين قالوا : هلا أنزل القرآن بلغة العجم . وقد ذكر في «الكشاف» في سورة فصلت عند قوله تعالى : { ولو جعلناه قرآناً أعجمياً لقالوا لولا فصلت آياته أأعجمي وعربي } [ سورة فصلت : 44 ] فقال : كانوا لتعنتهم يقولون : هلا نزل القرآن بلغة العجم ، وهو مروي في تفسير الطبري } هنالك عن سعيد بن جبير أن العرب قالوا ذلك .ثم يجوز أن يكون المراد بلغة العجم لغة غير العرب مثل العبرانية أو السريانية من اللغات التي أنزلت بها التوراة والإنجيل ، فكان من جملة ما موّت لهم أوهامهم أن حسبوا أن للكتب بالإلهية لغة خاصة تنزل بها ثم تُفسر للّذين لا يعرفون تلك اللّغة . وهذا اعتقاد فاش بين أهل العقول الضعيفة ، فهؤلاء الّذين يعالجون سرّ الحرف والطلسمات يموّهون بأنها لا تكتب إلا باللغة السريانية ويزعمون أنها لغة الملائكة ولغة الأرواح . وقد زعم السراج البلقيني : أن سؤال القبر يكون باللغة السريانية وتلقاه عنه جلال الدّين السيوطي واستغربه فقال :ومن عجيب ما ترى العينان ... أن سُؤال القبر بالسريانيأفتى بهذا شيخنا البلقيني ... ولم أره لغيره بعينيوقد كان المتنصرون من العرب والمتهودون منهم مثل عرب اليمن تترجم لهم بعض التوراة والإنجيل بالعربية كما ورد في حديث ورقة بن نوفل في كتاب بدء الوحي من «صحيح البخاري» ، فاستقرّ في نفوس المشركين من جملة مطاعنهم أن القرآن لو كان من عند الله لكان باللغة التي جاءت بها الكتب السالفة . فصارت عربيته عندهم من وجوه الطعن في أنه منزل من الله ، فالقصر هنا لرد كلامهم ، أي ما أرسلنا من رسول بلسان إلا لسان قومه المرسل إليهم لا بلسان قوم آخرين .فموقع هذه الآية عقب آية { كتاب أنزلناه إليك } بيّن المناسبة .وتقدير النظم : كتاب أنزلناه إليك لتخرج الناس من الظلمات إلى النور ، وأنزلناه بلغة قومك لتبيّن لهم الذي أوحينا إليك وما أرسلنا من رسول إلاّ بلسان قومه ليبين لهم فيخرجهم من الظلمات إلى النور .وإذا كانت صيغة القصر جارية على خلاف مقتضى الظاهر ولم يكن ردّاً لمقالة بعض المشركين يكُن تنزيلاً للمشركين منزلة من ليسوا بعرب لعدم تأثرهم بآيات القرآن ، ولقولهم : { قلوبنا في أكنة مما تدعونا إليه } وكان مناط القصر هو ما بعد لام العلّة . والمعنى : ما أرسلناك إلاّ لتبيين لهم وما أرسلنا من رسول إلا ليبين لقومه ، وكان قوله : { إلا بلسان قومه } إدْماجاً في الاستثناء المتسلط عليه القصرُ؛ أو يكون متعلقاً بفعل { ليبين } مقدماً عليه . والتقدير : ما أرسلناك إلا لتبين لهم بلسانهم ، وما أرسلنا من رسول إلا ليبين لقومه بلسانهم ، فما لقومك لم يهتدوا بهذا القرآن وهو بلسانهم ، وبذلك يتضح موقع التفريع في قوله : { فيضل الله من يشاء ويهدي من يشاء }.واللسان : اللغة وما به التخاطب . أطلق عليها اللسان من إطلاق اسم المحل على الحال به ، مثل : سَال الوادي .والباء للملابسة ، فلغة قومه ملابسة لِكلامه والكتاببِ المنزل إليه لإرشادهم .والقوم : الأمة والجماعة ، فقوم كلُ أحد رهطه الذين جماعتهم واحدة ويتكلمون بلغة واحدة ، وقوم كل رسول أمته المبعوث إليهم ، إذ كان الرسُل يبعثون إلى أقوامهم ، وقوم محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم هم العرب ، وأما أمته فهم الأقوام المبعوث إليهم وهم الناس كافة .وإنما كان المخاطب أولاً هم العرب الذين هو بين ظهرانيهم ونزل الكتاب بلغتهم لتعذر نزوله بلغات الأمم كلها ، فاختار الله أن يكون رسوله عليه الصلاة والسلام من أمة هي أفصح الأمم لساناً ، وأسرعهم أفهاماً ، وألمعهم ذكاءً ، وأحسنهم استعداداً لقبول الهدى والإرشاد ، ولم يؤمن برسول من الرسل في حياته عددٌ من الناس مثل الذين آمنوا بمحمّد صلى الله عليه وسلم في حياته فقد عم الإسلامُ بلاد العرب وقد حج مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في حجة الوداع نحو خمسين ألفاً أو أكثر . وقيل مائة ألف وهم الرجال المستطيعون .واختار أن يكون الكتاب المنزل إليهم بلغة العرب ، لأنها أصلح اللغات جمعَ معان ، وإيجاز عبارة ، وسهولة جري على الألسن ، وسرعة حفظ ، وجمال وقع في الأسماع ، وجعلت الأمة العربية هي المتلقية للكتاب بادىء ذي بدء ، وعهد إليها نشره بين الأمم .وفي التعليل بقوله : { ليبين لهم } إيماء إلى هذا المعنى ، لأنه لما كان المقصود من التشريع البيان كانت أقرب اللغات إلى التبيين من بين لغات الأمم المرسل إليهم هي اللغة التي هي أجدر بأن يأتي الكتاب بها ، قال تعالى : { نزل به الروح الأمين على قلبك لتكون من المنذرين بلسان عربي مبين } [ سورة الشعراء : 195 ]. فهذا كله من مطاوي هذه الآية .ولكن لما كان المقصود من سياقها الرد على طعنهم في القرآن بأنه نزل بلغة لم ينزل بها كتاب قبله اقتُصر في رد خطئهم على أنه إنما كان كذلك ليبيّن لهم لأن ذلك هو الذي يهمهم .وتفريع قوله : فيضل الله من يشاء } الخ على مجموع جملة { وما أرسلنا من رسول إلا بلسان قومه ليبين لهم } ، ولذلك جاء فعل { يضلّ } مرفوعاً غير منصوب إذ ليس عطفاً على فعل { ليبين } لأن الإضلال لا يكون معلولاً للتبيين ولكنه مفرع على الإرسال المعلل بالتبيين . والمعنى أن الإرسال بلسان قومه لحكمة التبيين . وقد يحصل أثر التبيين بمعونة الاهتداء وقد لا يحصل أثره بسبب ضلال المبيّن لهم .والإضلال والهدى من الله بما أعد في نفوس الناس من اختلاف الاستعداد .وجملة { وهو العزيز الحكيم } تذييل لأن العزيز قويّ لا ينفلت شيء من قدرته ولا يخرج عما خُلق له ، والحكيم يضع الأشياء مواضعها ، فموضع الإرسال والتبيين أتي على أكمل وجه من الإرشاد . ومَوْقع الإضلال والهدى هو التكوين الجاري على أنسب حال بأحوال المرسل إليهم ، فالتبيين من مقتضَى أمر التشريع والإضلالُ من مقتضَى أمر التكوين .
وهذا من لطفه بعباده أنه ما أرسل رسولا { إلا بلسان قومه ليبين لهم } ما يحتاجون إليه، ويتمكنون من تعلم ما أتى به، بخلاف ما لو كانوا على غير لسانهم، فإنهم يحتاجون إلى أن يتعلموا تلك اللغة التي يتكلم بها، ثم يفهمون عنه، فإذا بين لهم الرسول ما أمروا به، ونهوا عنه وقامت عليهم حجة الله { فيضل الله من يشاء } ممن لم ينقد للهدى، ويهدي من يشاء ممن اختصه برحمته. { وهو العزيز الحكيم } الذي -من عزته- أنه انفرد بالهداية والإضلال، وتقليب القلوب إلى ما شاء، ومن حكمته أنه لا يضع هدايته ولا إضلاله إلا بالمحل اللائق به. ويستدل بهذه الآية الكريمة على أن علوم العربية الموصلة إلى تبيين كلامه وكلام رسوله أمور مطلوبة محبوبة لله لأنه لا يتم معرفة ما أنزل على رسوله إلا بها إلا إذا كان الناس بحالة لا يحتاجون إليها، وذلك إذا تمرنوا على العربية، ونشأ عليها صغيرهم وصارت طبيعة لهم فحينئذ قد اكتفوا المؤنة، وصلحوا لأن يتلقوا عن الله وعن رسوله ابتداء كما تلقى عنهم الصحابة رضي الله عنهم.
قوله تعالى : وما أرسلنا من رسول إلا بلسان قومه ليبين لهم فيضل الله من يشاء ويهدي من يشاء وهو العزيز الحكيمقوله تعالى وما أرسلنا من رسول أي قبلك يا محمد إلا بلسان قومه أي بلغتهم ، ليبين لهم أمر دينهم ; ووحد اللسان وإن أضافه إلى القوم لأن المراد اللغة ; فهي اسم جنس يقع على القليل والكثير ; ولا حجة للعجم وغيرهم في هذه الآية ; لأن كل من ترجم له ما جاء به النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ترجمة يفهمها لزمته الحجة ، وقد قال الله تعالى : وما أرسلناك إلا كافة للناس بشيرا ونذيرا . وقال - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : أرسل كل نبي إلى أمته بلسانها وأرسلني الله إلى كل أحمر وأسود من خلقه . وقال - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : والذي نفسي بيده لا يسمع بي أحد من هذه الأمة يهودي ولا نصراني ثم لم يؤمن بالذي أرسلت به إلا كان من أصحاب النار . خرجه مسلم ، وقد تقدم .فيضل الله من يشاء ويهدي من يشاء رد على القدرية في نفوذ المشيئة ، وهو مستأنف ، وليس بمعطوف على ليبين لأن الإرسال إنما وقع للتبيين لا للإضلال . ويجوز النصب في يضل لأن الإرسال صار سببا للإضلال ; فيكون كقوله : ليكون لهم عدوا وحزنا وإنما صار الإرسال سببا للإضلال لأنهم كفروا به لما جاءهم ; فصار كأنه سبب لكفرهموهو العزيز الحكيم تقدم معناه .
It was the way of God to raise prophets from among the addressees’ own community, fully taking into account their mentality, so that they might be able to call upon the people in their own understandable language to accept the truth. But it was very strange that the way adopted for the betterment of the people led to the very opposite effect. When they saw that the prophet was a man like themselves and talked in their own familiar language, they rejected him, considering him to be an ordinary man. The way adopted to make the process of guidance easier was turned by them into a source of misguidance. It is not the way of God to display magical feats in order to attract people towards Himself, for example, by sending to a community a prophet who speaks a strange language or making the people wonderstruck by discoursing in a magical style. God does not cater to the wonder-loving nature of human beings. God’s way is that of simplicity and realism. He has established His world on the basis of realities; therefore, He also carries into effect His scheme for the guidance of man on the basis of realities, not of magic.
Commentary Mentioned in the first sentence of this verse is the particular blessing and convenience granted by Allah Ta’ ala that whenever He has sent a messenger to a people, He has sent him speaking their language, in order that he would convey Divine injunctions to them in their language and usage whereby understanding these becomes easy on them. If the language of the messenger had been different from that of his addressees, it is evident that his people would have to undergo the burden of having to translate the injunctions before they could understand them and, still, the understanding of injunctions correctly would have remained doubtful. Therefore, when a messenger was sent to the speakers of the Hebrew language, the language of the messenger was also He-brew. The language of the messenger sent to the Persians was also Persian. The language of the messenger to the Berbers was appointed to be Berberi. It is possible that a person who was assigned to be a messenger would be an individual from among the same people to whom he was sent and his mother tongue would have been the language of those people, and it is also possible that the language into which he was born may have been other than that of the people he was sent to, but as Allah Ta` ala would have it, He had things arranged in a manner that the messenger learnt the language of the people he was to work with - as it was in the case of Sayyidna Lut (علیہ السلام) . Actually, he was a citizen of ` Iraq where the language spoken was Persian. But, after his migration to Syria, he married among the people there and the language of the Syrians became his own language. Then, Allah Ta’ ala made him the prophet of a region of Syria. As for our noble Messenger (علیہ السلام) ، his mission is, in terms of the area of operation, for the whole world and, in terms of the time duration, it is universally applicable right upto the last day of Qiyamah. No nation or group of people in this world, no matter which country they belong to and what language they speak, could be outside the circle of his mission as a messenger and prophet. And every new nation and every new language which comes into existence upto the day of Qiyamah shall all be counted among the community to which the Dawah (call) of the Holy Prophet will reach. This is expressly mentioned by the Holy Quran: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَ‌سُولُ اللَّـهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا (0 people, I am the messenger of Allah [ sent ] to you all - 7:158). According to a narration of Sayyidna Jabir ؓ appearing in the Sahih of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, the Holy Prophet 0, while pointing out to his five distinctions among the universal community of prophets, has said: Before me, every messenger and prophet was sent to his people and community. Allah Ta’ ala sent me to all peoples who are the children of Adam (on this earth). Allah Ta’ ala willed that humankind on this earth should originate from Sayyidna Adam (علیہ السلام) whom He made the first prophet of human beings. Then, in proportion to the increase in human population in terms of its social and economic status, arrangements to convey the right guidance to them through messengers and prophets kept being made by Allah Ta` ala. Injunctions, laws and religious codes relevant to every period of time and to the needs of every people continued coming. Finally, when the development of the human scene reached the stage of maturity, Allah Ta` ala sent the foremost among the line of prophets, Sayyidna Muhammad al-Mustafa, sallallahu alaihi wa sallam, as the Messenger of the whole world, and the Kitab and Shari` ah He gave to him was given in its most complete and workable form which was valid for the whole world and for all times right upto the Last Day of Qiyamah. It was said in the Quran: الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي (That is, ‘Today, I have perfected your religion and made My favour complete for you - 5:3). The religious codes of past prophets, may peace be on all of them, were also perfect and complete in terms of their time and region. They too cannot be called imperfect or wanting. But, the perfection of the Shariah brought by the Holy Prophet ﷺ is not restricted to any specified time and region. It is absolutely perfect (that is, without restrictions or exceptions in any respect, or circumstances) and seen from this angle, the perfection of religion is exclusive to this Shari` ah, and this is the reason why the chain of prophethood was discontinued after the appearance of the Holy Prophet ﷺ who is the Last among the blessed prophets, may peace be upon all of them. Why Was the Quran Revealed in the Arabic Language? When messengers who spoke the language of past communities were sent among them, they did not have to work hard on translating the message brought by prophets. Now, a question arises here as to why the Holy Prophet was sent to Arabia alone with the Arabic language? And why was it that his Book too was revealed in the Arabic language specifically? But, a little deliberation would make the answer very clear. Everyone can understand when the mission and call of the Holy Prophet ﷺ became common for all peoples of the world speaking hundreds of different languages, then, there existed only two alternatives for the guidance of all of them. The first alternative was that the Quran be revealed separately into the language of every group of people, and the teachings and instructions of the Holy Prophet also be made available separately in the language of every community of people. In view of the most perfect power of Allah Ta` ala, managing something like that was not difficult at all. But, the great objective of sending one Rasul, one Kitab and one Shari’ ah for all peoples of the world, an objective which sought to forge a religious, moral and social unity and mutually shared orientation, despite the existence of thousands of differences among all these peoples, would have remained unrealized in the event that such an alternative was taken to. Then, there was the other alternative of letting the Quran and Hadith for every people and every country be available in their separate languages. If this was ever done in that manner, it would have thrown the gates of interpolation in the Quran wide open through which count-less inroads in it could have been made. Thus, the miraculous quality of the Glorious Quran, that its original words still remain perfectly protected, a quality which cannot be denied even by non-conformists and deniers of the Quran, would have not survived intact. at would have happened that despite there being one religion and one book, its adherents would have been dispersed on so many different tracks that there would have remained no single rallying pivot of unity. We can have some idea of this problem if we recall the amount of differences that arose in the interpretation and exegesis of the Holy Quran despite that it was revealed in the single Arabic language - though, these differences did re-main within permissible limits. As for differences engineered through false and impermissible means, they just have no limits. But, notwithstanding all this, there is a viable unity and a sense of distinct identity still present among all those people who observe and practice what the Quran teaches, no matter in whatever degree it may be. In short, the assumption that the Quran could have come for every human group separately making the mission and teaching of the Holy Prophet ﷺ universal is something even a person of ordinary intelligence would not find correct. Therefore, it becomes necessary that the Quran be sent in one single language and the language spoken by the prophet should also be the same language of the Quran, and then its translations into other languages be made and circulated. After the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، his deputies, the ` Ulama of the community, should spread out the teachings and rules of guidance left behind by him among their peoples and in their language. Therefore, Allah Ta’ ala chose the Arabic language over all languages of the world for a number of reasons. The Distinctions of Arabic First of all, the Arabic language is the official language of the heavens. The language of angels is Arabic. The Preserved Tablet (al-Lawh al-Mahfuz ) is in the Arabic language as the Quran tells us بَلْ هُوَ قُرْ‌آنٌ مَّجِيدٌ ﴿21﴾ فِي لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ ﴿22﴾ (Rather, it is a glorious Qur’ an in the Preserved Tablet - 85:21, 22). Then, there is Jannah, the Paradise which is the real home of human beings and to where they have to return - and its language is also Arabic. In the Mujim of al-Tabarani, Mustadrak of al-Hakim and in Shuab al-Iman of Al-Baihaqi, there is a narration from Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ which reports that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: اَحِبُّوا العَرَبَ لِثلاثِ لِاَنِی عَرَبِی والْقرآن عَرَبِی وکَلَام اَھلِ الجَنَّۃِ عَرَبِی (That is, Love Arabs for three reasons: (1) That I am- an Arab; (2) and the Quran is in Arabic; (3) and the language of the people of Paradise is Arabic. [ In Mustadrak, Hakim calls this narration Sahih. The same rating appears in al-Jami` a1-Saghir. However, some Hadith experts have called it weak and not authentic ]. According to Ibn Taymiyyah, the subject of this Hadith is proven and cannot be rated any lesser than Hasan or good (Fayd al-Qadir Sharh al-Jami` al-Saghir, p. 179, v. 1). There is a narration reported in Tafsir al-Qurtubi that the language of Sayyidna Adam (علیہ السلام) in Jannah was Arabic. When he was sent to the earth, and after his repentance was accepted, some changes in the Arabic language itself gave birth to the Syriac language. This appears to support narrations which have been reported from Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas and others ؓ . They say that the original language of all books Allah Ta’ ala has revealed was Arabic. It was archangel, Sayyidna Jibrail al-Amin (علیہ السلام) who relayed it to the prophets by translating it to them while they conveyed it to their communities in their language. These narrations have been reported by ` Allamah Al-Suyuti in Al-Itqan and by most commentators of the Quran under their comments on this verse. The gist of these reports is that the original language of all Scriptures is Arabic. But, with the exception of the Holy Quran, other books have been given as translated into the lan-guage of a country or people. Therefore, their meanings are all from Allah Ta’ ala, but there is a change in words. It happens to be the unique feature of the Quran alone that, like its meanings, the words too are but from Allah Ta’ ala. And perhaps, this is the reason why the Quran extended a challenge that even the combined force of the Jinns and human-kind of the whole world could not produce the likeness of a small Surah, rather of one Ayah of the Quran - because, in terms of its high status in word and meaning, it is the Word of Allah and a Divine attribute which cannot be imitated by anyone. Given their spiritual status, other Scriptures too are the Word of Allah, but none of the other Scriptures made such a claim, perhaps because they were not in their original form in Arabic but were its translation. Otherwise, in terms of being the Divine Word like the Quran, the uniqueness and inimitability of every such book was certain. One major reason for the choice of the Arabic language is the inherent treasure of capabilities of the language itself for it has countless forms and methods through which a sense could be expressed. And there is another reason too that Allah Ta` ala has naturally gifted Muslims with a certain affinity and congruity with the Arabic language because of which everyone goes on to learn the language easily as needed. This is the reason why, in every country the Sahabah reached, it took very little time when, without any compulsion, the Arabic language came to be the language of the whole country. Take Egypt, Syria and Iraq. Arabic was not their language. Today, they are known as Arab countries. There is yet another reason for this phenomena. The Arabs were, though involved in serious evil practices, yet their capabilities, qualities and feelings can be called unmatched even under such circumstances. That is why Allah Ta` ala raised His greatest and the last messenger from among them, and chose his language to be the language of the Quran, and gave instructions to His prophet that they are the ones who should be the first to be guided and educated: وَأَنذِرْ‌ عَشِيرَ‌تَكَ الْأَقْرَ‌بِينَ (and warn your close relatives - 26:214) - and the very first step taken was that He assembled around His messenger the kind of individuals from among these very people, individuals who sacrificed their life, wealth and children, almost everything for the sake of the Holy Prophet ﷺ taking his teachings to be dearer than what they had, even their lives. And it was the result of this pattern of behaviour that their personalities became so deeply coloured by his company and teaching that an ideal society rose in the world the like of which was never witnessed by humanity on this earth and under these skies. The Holy Prophet ﷺ charged this unique group with the mission of spreading the teachings of the Quran and said: of بَلِّغُوا عَنِّی وَلَو آیَۃً that is, Convey everything you hear from me to my people, even though it is a short verse. His Sahabah, alert and sacrificing as ever, took this order of their master so seriously that they fanned out far and wide around the world and made people become familiar with the Quran and its teachings. Not even twenty five years had passed after the departure of the Holy Prophet ﷺ from this mortal world that the message of the Quran started reverberating through the East and West. On the other hand it was a wisdom of Allahs creation and a wise arrangement of His destination that He inculcated in the entire Ummah of dawah (i.e. all those addressed by the call of the Holy Prophet ﷺ including the mushriks and the Jews and the Christians), a special aptitude and zeal towards learning, teaching, writing and publishing books and promoting their respective ideas, a parallel of which is not found in the past history of the world. It was for this reason that the non-Arab nations not only acquired the disciplines of the Holy Quran and Sunnah with a great enthusiasm, but the advances made by non-Arabs in the acquirement of the Arabic language and its promotion and wider dissemination did not lag behind the Arabs. It is certainly an astonishing fact that, in our time, the number of books on Arabic language, usage and grammar present in the world hap-pen to have been written by non-Arabs. And their contribution to the services rendered for the collection and documentation of the Quran and Sunnah, and in its exegesis and explication, has not been any lesser than Arabs. So, it was in this manner that the language of the Holy Prophet ﷺ and the Book he was given, despite being Arabic, overtook the whole world. At least, for all practical purposes of Dawah (Call) and Tabligh (Spreading of the Message), the difference of Arab and non-Arab was eliminated. In every country and community, and among peoples speaking non-Arab languages, rose such ` Ulama who communicated to their own people the teachings of Quran and Sunnah through their indigenous languages, easily and effectively. Thus, the wisdom of sending a messenger speaking the language of the addressed people stood realized and proved. Toward the end of the verse it was said that it is for the convenience of people that Allah Ta’ ala has sent His messengers speaking their language, so that they can explain His injunctions to them clearly and satisfactorily. But, it is still beyond human control to bring someone onto the right path. The truth is that it lies in the power of Allah Ta’ ala alone. Whom He wills He lets go astray and whom He wills He would give guidance. He is Mighty, and Wise.
(And We never sent a messenger save with the language of his folk, that he might make (the message) clear for them) in their own language what they have been commanded with and prohibited from; it is also said that this means: in a language through which it is possible for them to learn. (Then Allah sendeth whom He will astray) from His religion, (and guideth) to His religion (whom He will) whoever deserves to be guided. (He is the Mighty) in His kingdom and sovereignty; it is also said that this means: the Mighty in His retribution against those who do not believe, (the Wise) in His command and decree; it is also said that this means: the Wise in guiding some and misguiding others.