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وَمِنۡ ءَایَـٰتِهِ ٱلَّیۡلُ وَٱلنَّهَارُ وَٱلشَّمۡسُ وَٱلۡقَمَرُۚ لَا تَسۡجُدُوا۟ لِلشَّمۡسِ وَلَا لِلۡقَمَرِ وَ̅ٱ̅سۡ̅جُ̅دُ̅و̅ا۟̅ ̅لِ̅لَّ̅هِ̅ ٱلَّذِی خَلَقَهُنَّ إِن كُنتُمۡ إِیَّاهُ تَعۡبُدُونَ ۝٣٧
wamin āyātihi al-laylu wal-nahāru wal-shamsu wal-qamaru lā tasjudū lilshamsi walā lil'qamari wa-us'judū lillahi alladhī khalaqahunna in kuntum iyyāhu taʿbudūn
Explained in Detail, Revelations Well Expounded / Fussilat (41:37)
Connections 5 multi-source 1 single-source 4 commentators
Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

Abdel Haleem

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The night, the day, the sun, the moon, are only a few of His signs. Do not bow down in worship to the sun or the moon, but bow down to God who created them, if it is truly Him that you worship
wamin āyātihi al-laylu wal-nahāru wal-shamsu wal-qamaru lā tasjudū lilshamsi walā lil'qamari wa-us'judū lillahi alladhī khalaqahunna in kuntum iyyāhu taʿbudūn

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Tafsir Commentary

From among the Signs of Allah Here Allah reminds His Creation of His power, and that He is the One Who has no equal, and He is Able to do all things. Allah's saying; وَمِنْ ءَايَـتِهِ الَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ (And from among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the moon.) means, He created the night with its darkness and the day with its light, and they alternate without ceasing. And He created the sun with its shining light, and the moon with its reflected light. and He allotted their stages and gave them separate orbits in the heavens, so that by the variations in their movements man may know the stages of night and day, of weeks, months and years, and time periods related to people's rights, acts of worship and various transactions. Moreover, because the sun and moon are the most beautiful of the heavenly bodies that can be seen in both the upper and lower realms, Allah points out that they are created entities which are in a state of enthrallment to Him, subject to His dominion and control. So He says: لاَ تَسْجُدُواْ لِلشَّمْسِ وَلاَ لِلْقَمَرِ وَاسْجُدُواْ لِلَّهِ الَّذِى خَلَقَهُنَّ إِن كُنتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ (Do not prostrate yourselves to the sun nor to the moon, but prostrate yourselves to Allah Who created them, if you (really) worship Him.) meaning, `do not associate anything in worship with Him, for your worship of Him will be of no benefit to you if you worship others alongside Him, because He does not forgive the association of others in worship with Him.' He says: فَإِنِ اسْتَكْبَرُواْ (But if they are too proud, ) i.e., to worship Him Alone, and they insist on associating others with Him, فَالَّذِينَ عِندَ رَبِّكَ (then there are those who are with your Lord) i.e., the angels, يُسَبِّحُونَ لَهُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَهُمْ لاَ يَسْـَمُونَ (glorify Him night and day, and never are they tired.) This is like the Ayah: فَإِن يَكْفُرْ بِهَا هَـؤُلاءِ فَقَدْ وَكَّلْنَا بِهَا قَوْماً لَّيْسُواْ بِهَا بِكَـفِرِينَ (But if these disbelieve therein, then, indeed We have entrusted it to a people who are not disbelievers therein.) (6:89). وَمِنْ ءَايَـتِهِ (And among His signs) means, signs of His ability to bring the dead back to life. أَنَّكَ تَرَى الاٌّرْضَ خَـشِعَةً (that you see the earth barren,) means, lifeless, with nothing growing in it; it is dead. فَإِذَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَيْهَا الْمَآءَ اهْتَزَّتْ وَرَبَتْ (but when We send down water (rain) to it, it is stirred to life and growth.) means, it brings forth all kinds of crops and fruits. إِنَّ الَّذِى أَحْيَـهَا لَمُحْىِ الْمَوْتَى إِنَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (Verily, He Who gives it life, surely is able to give life to the dead. Indeed He is Able to do all things.)
And among His signs are the night and the day and the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate to the sun and moon but prostrate to God Who created them namely these fours signs if it is Him Whom you worship.
And of His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate your- selves to the sun and the moon, but prostrate yourselves to God, who created them. This is the speech of the Lord whose kingship has no removal, whose seriousness has no levity, whose exaltedness has no abasement, and whose decree has no rejection. He has no peer, and from Him there is no escape. He is a God other than whom there is no king, and His kingship is not through army and retinue. His exaltedness is not with drums and flags, horse and servants. He is a king, the portico of whose threshold is the seven lofty heavens, and the resting place of whose elect is the seven inaccessible carpets. The world-adorning sun is like a quicksilver goblet through His wisdom. The moon's figure is sometimes like a gold horseshoe and sometimes like a silver shield through His power. The celestial world and the terrestrial world are both marks of His unity and solitariness. There are countless proofs of God's artisanry, a thousand colors concealed in the petal of a rose. Though the day is white, bright, and brilliant, day and night are the same for those without eyes. If someone wants to know and recognize a king as is fitting, first he should look at his realm, then he should look at his army, then he should look at his artisanry and acts. After that, he should look at him himself so as to know him as is fitting. It is as if the Exalted Lord is saying, “My servant, if you want to look at My realm, to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth [5:120]. If you want to look at My acts, gaze on the traces of God's mercy, how He brings the earth to life after its death [30:50]. If you want to look at My artisanry, of His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. If you want to look at Me tomorrow, look today from My artisanry to Me with the eye of the heart: Dost thou not see thy Lord, how He stretched out the shadow [25:45]? Then tomorrow look at My bounty with the eye of the secret core: Faces that day will be radiant, gazing upon their Lord [75:22-23].
And of His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate your- selves to the sun and the moon, but prostrate yourselves to God, who created them. This is the speech of the Lord whose kingship has no removal, whose seriousness has no levity, whose exaltedness has no abasement, and whose decree has no rejection. He has no peer, and from Him there is no escape. He is a God other than whom there is no king, and His kingship is not through army and retinue. His exaltedness is not with drums and flags, horse and servants. He is a king, the portico of whose threshold is the seven lofty heavens, and the resting place of whose elect is the seven inaccessible carpets. The world-adorning sun is like a quicksilver goblet through His wisdom. The moon's figure is sometimes like a gold horseshoe and sometimes like a silver shield through His power. The celestial world and the terrestrial world are both marks of His unity and solitariness. There are countless proofs of God's artisanry, a thousand colors concealed in the petal of a rose. Though the day is white, bright, and brilliant, day and night are the same for those without eyes. If someone wants to know and recognize a king as is fitting, first he should look at his realm, then he should look at his army, then he should look at his artisanry and acts. After that, he should look at him himself so as to know him as is fitting. It is as if the Exalted Lord is saying, “My servant, if you want to look at My realm, to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth [5:120]. If you want to look at My acts, gaze on the traces of God's mercy, how He brings the earth to life after its death [30:50]. If you want to look at My artisanry, of His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. If you want to look at Me tomorrow, look today from My artisanry to Me with the eye of the heart: Dost thou not see thy Lord, how He stretched out the shadow [25:45]? Then tomorrow look at My bounty with the eye of the secret core: Faces that day will be radiant, gazing upon their Lord [75:22-23].
And of His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate your- selves to the sun and the moon, but prostrate yourselves to God, who created them. This is the speech of the Lord whose kingship has no removal, whose seriousness has no levity, whose exaltedness has no abasement, and whose decree has no rejection. He has no peer, and from Him there is no escape. He is a God other than whom there is no king, and His kingship is not through army and retinue. His exaltedness is not with drums and flags, horse and servants. He is a king, the portico of whose threshold is the seven lofty heavens, and the resting place of whose elect is the seven inaccessible carpets. The world-adorning sun is like a quicksilver goblet through His wisdom. The moon's figure is sometimes like a gold horseshoe and sometimes like a silver shield through His power. The celestial world and the terrestrial world are both marks of His unity and solitariness. There are countless proofs of God's artisanry, a thousand colors concealed in the petal of a rose. Though the day is white, bright, and brilliant, day and night are the same for those without eyes. If someone wants to know and recognize a king as is fitting, first he should look at his realm, then he should look at his army, then he should look at his artisanry and acts. After that, he should look at him himself so as to know him as is fitting. It is as if the Exalted Lord is saying, “My servant, if you want to look at My realm, to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth [5:120]. If you want to look at My acts, gaze on the traces of God's mercy, how He brings the earth to life after its death [30:50]. If you want to look at My artisanry, of His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. If you want to look at Me tomorrow, look today from My artisanry to Me with the eye of the heart: Dost thou not see thy Lord, how He stretched out the shadow [25:45]? Then tomorrow look at My bounty with the eye of the secret core: Faces that day will be radiant, gazing upon their Lord [75:22-23].
And of His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate your- selves to the sun and the moon, but prostrate yourselves to God, who created them. This is the speech of the Lord whose kingship has no removal, whose seriousness has no levity, whose exaltedness has no abasement, and whose decree has no rejection. He has no peer, and from Him there is no escape. He is a God other than whom there is no king, and His kingship is not through army and retinue. His exaltedness is not with drums and flags, horse and servants. He is a king, the portico of whose threshold is the seven lofty heavens, and the resting place of whose elect is the seven inaccessible carpets. The world-adorning sun is like a quicksilver goblet through His wisdom. The moon's figure is sometimes like a gold horseshoe and sometimes like a silver shield through His power. The celestial world and the terrestrial world are both marks of His unity and solitariness. There are countless proofs of God's artisanry, a thousand colors concealed in the petal of a rose. Though the day is white, bright, and brilliant, day and night are the same for those without eyes. If someone wants to know and recognize a king as is fitting, first he should look at his realm, then he should look at his army, then he should look at his artisanry and acts. After that, he should look at him himself so as to know him as is fitting. It is as if the Exalted Lord is saying, “My servant, if you want to look at My realm, to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth [5:120]. If you want to look at My acts, gaze on the traces of God's mercy, how He brings the earth to life after its death [30:50]. If you want to look at My artisanry, of His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. If you want to look at Me tomorrow, look today from My artisanry to Me with the eye of the heart: Dost thou not see thy Lord, how He stretched out the shadow [25:45]? Then tomorrow look at My bounty with the eye of the secret core: Faces that day will be radiant, gazing upon their Lord [75:22-23].
And of His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. Do not prostrate your- selves to the sun and the moon, but prostrate yourselves to God, who created them.This is the speech of the Lord whose kingship has no removal, whose seriousness has no levity, whose exaltedness has no abasement, and whose decree has no rejection. He has no peer, and from Him there is no escape. He is a God other than whom there is no king, and His kingship is not through army and retinue. His exaltedness is not with drums and flags, horse and servants.He is a king, the portico of whose threshold is the seven lofty heavens, and the resting place of whose elect is the seven inaccessible carpets. The world-adorning sun is like a quicksilver goblet through His wisdom. The moon's figure is sometimes like a gold horseshoe and sometimes like a silver shield through His power. The celestial world and the terrestrial world are both marks of His unity and solitariness.There are countless proofs of God's artisanry,a thousand colors concealed in the petal of a rose.Though the day is white, bright, and brilliant,day and night are the same for those without eyes.If someone wants to know and recognize a king as is fitting, first he should look at his realm, then he should look at his army, then he should look at his artisanry and acts. After that, he should look at him himself so as to know him as is fitting. It is as if the Exalted Lord is saying, �My servant, if you want to look at My realm, to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth [5:120]. If you want to look at My acts, gaze on the traces of God's mercy, how He brings the earth to life after its death [30:50]. If you want to look at My artisanry, of His signs are the night and the day, the sun and the moon. If you want to look at Me tomorrow, look today from My artisanry to Me with the eye of the heart: Dost thou not see thy Lord, how He stretched out the shadow [25:45]? Then tomorrow look at My bounty with the eye of the secret core: Faces that day will be radiant, gazing upon their Lord [75:22-23].
ومِن حجج الله على خلقه، ودلائله على وحدانيته وكمال قدرته اختلاف الليل والنهار، وتعاقبهما، واختلاف الشمس والقمر وتعاقبهما، كل ذلك تحت تسخيره وقهره. لا تسجدوا للشمس ولا للقمر- فإنهما مدَبَّران مخلوقان- واسجدوا لله الذي خلقهن، إن كنتم حقًّا منقادين لأمره سامعين مطيعين له، تعبدونه وحده لا شريك له.
يقول تعالى منبها خلقه على قدرته العظيمة وأنه الذي لا نظير له وأنه على ما يشاء قادر "ومن آياته الليل والنهار والشمس والقمر" أي أنه خلق الليل بظلامه والنهار بضيائه وهما متعاقبان لا يفتران والشمس ونورها وإشراقها والقمر وضياؤه وتقدير منازله في فلكه واختلاف سيره في سمائه ليعرف باختلاف سيره وسير الشمس مقادير الليل والنهار والجمع والشهور والأعوام ويتبين بذلك حلول الحقوق وأوقات العبادات والمعاملات ثم لما كان الشمس والقمر أحسن الأجرام المشاهدة في العالم العلوي والسفلي نبه تعالى على أنهما مخلوقان عبدان من عبيده تحت قهره وتسخيره فقال "لا تسجدوا للشمس ولا للقمر واسجدوا لله الذي خلقهن إن كنتم إياه تعبدون" أي ولا تشركوا به فما تنفعكم عبادتكم له مع عبادتكم لغيره فإنه لا يغفر أن يشرك به.
وبعد هذه البشارات الكريمة ، والتوجيهات الحكيمة للمؤمنين . . ساق - سبحانه - أنواعا من الأدلة الكونية الدالة على وحدانيته وقدرته ، فقال - تعالى - :( وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ الليل والنهار . . . ) .المراد بالآيات فى قوله - تعالى - : ( وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ . . ) العلامات الدالة دلالة واضحة على وحدانية الله - تعالى - وقدرته .أى : ومن آياته على وحدانيته وقدرته - تعالى - وعلى وجوب إخلاص العبادة له ، وجود الليل والنهار والشمس والقمر بتلك الطريقة البديعة ، حيث إن الجميع يسير بنظام محكم ، ويؤدى وظيفته أداء دقيقا . كما قال - تعالى - : ( لاَ الشمس يَنبَغِي لَهَآ أَن تدْرِكَ القمر وَلاَ الليل سَابِقُ النهار وَكُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ ) وقوله - تعالى - ( لاَ تَسْجُدُواْ لِلشَّمْسِ وَلاَ لِلْقَمَرِ واسجدوا لِلَّهِ الذي خَلَقَهُنَّ . . . ) نهى عن السجود لغيره - تعالى - وأمر بالسجود له وحده .أى : لا تسجدوا - أيها الناس - للشمس ولا للقمر ، لأنهما - كغيرهما - من جملة مخلوقات الله - تعالى - ، واجعلوا طاعتكم وعبادتكم لله الذى خلق كل شئ فى هذا الكون ، إن كنتم حقا تريدون أن تكون عبادتكم مقبولة عنده - عز وجل - .فالآية الكريمة تقيم الأدلة على وجوب إخلاص العبادة لله - عز وجل - وتنهى عن عبادة غيره - تعالى - .قال الجمل : هذا رد على قوم عبدوا الشمس والقمر ، وإنما تعرض للأربعة مع أنهم لم يعبدوا الليل والنهار ، للإِيذان بكمال سقوط الشمس والقمر عن رتبة السجودية لهما ، بنظمها فى المخلوقية فى سلك الأعراض التى لا قيام لها بذاتها ، وهذا هو السر فى نظم الكل فى سلك آياته .وإنما عبر عن الأربع بضمير الإِناث - مع أن فيه ثلاثة مذكرة ، والعادة تغليب المذكر على المؤنث - لأنه لما قال : ومن آياته ، فنظم الأربعة فى سلك الآيات ، صار كل واحد منهما آية بعبر عنها بضمير الإِناث فى قوله ( خَلَقَهُنَّ ) .
القول في تأويل قوله تعالى : وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ لا تَسْجُدُوا لِلشَّمْسِ وَلا لِلْقَمَرِ وَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُنَّ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ (37)يقول تعالى ذكره: ومن حجج الله تعالى على خلقه ودلالته على وحدانيته, وعظيم سلطانه, اختلاف الليل والنهار, ومعاقبة كلّ واحد منهما صاحبه, والشمس والقمر, لا الشمس تدرك القمر وَلا اللَّيْلُ سَابِقُ النَّهَارِ وَكُلٌّ فِي فلك يسبحون لا تسجدوا أيها الناس للشمس ولا للقمر, فإنهما وإن جريا في الفلك بمنافعكم, فإنما يجريان به لكم بإجراء الله إياهما لكم طائعين له في جريهما ومسيرهما, لا بأنهما يقدران بأنفسهما على سير وجري دون إجراء الله إياهما وتسييرهما, أو يستطيعان لكم نفعا أو ضرّا, وإنما الله مسخرهما لكم لمنافعكم ومصالحكم, فله فاسجدوا, وإياه فاعبدوا دونها, فإنه إن شاء طمس ضوءهما, فترككم حيارى في ظلمة لا تهتدون سبيلا ولا تبصرون شيئا. وقيل: ( وَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُنَّ ) فجمع بالهاء والنون, لأن المراد من الكلام: واسجدوا لله الذي خلق الليل والنهار والشمس والقمر, وذلك جمع, وأنث كنايتهن, وإن كان من شأن العرب إذا جمعوا الذكر إلى الأنثى أن يخرجوا كنايتهما بلفظ كناية المذكر فيقولوا: أخواك وأختاك كلموني, ولا يقولوا: كلمنني, لأن من شأنهم أن يؤنثوا أخبار الذكور من غير بني آدم في الجمع, فيقولوا: رأيت مع عمرو أثوابا فأخذتهن منه. وأعجبني خواتيم لزيد قبضتهنّ منه.وقوله: ( إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ ) يقول: إن كنتم تعبدون الله, وتذلون له بالطاعة; وإن من طاعته أن تخلصوا له العبادة, ولا تشركوا في طاعتكم إياه وعبادتكموه شيئا سواه, فإن العبادة لا تصلح لغيره ولا تنبغي لشيء سواه.
قوله عز وجل : ( ومن آياته الليل والنهار والشمس والقمر لا تسجدوا للشمس ولا للقمر واسجدوا لله الذي خلقهن ) إنما قال : " خلقهن " بالتأنيث لأنه أجراها على طريق جمع التكسير ، ولم يجرها على طريق التغليب للمذكر على المؤنث . ( إن كنتم إياه تعبدون ) .
وَمِنْ آَيَاتِهِ اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ لَا تَسْجُدُوا لِلشَّمْسِ وَلَا لِلْقَمَرِ وَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُنَّ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ (37)عطف على جملة { قُل أينَّكُم لتكفرون بالذي خلق الأرض في يومين } [ فصلت : 9 ] الآية عطف القصة على القصة فإن المقصود من ذكر خلق العوالم أنها دلائل على انفراد الله بالإِلهية ، فلذلك أخبر هنا عن المذكورات في هذه الجملة بأنها من آيات الله انتقالاً في أفانين الاستدلال فإنه انتقال من الاستدلال بذواتتٍ من مخلوقاته إلى الاستدلال بأحوال من أحوال تلك المخلوقات ، فابتدىء ببعض الأحوال السماوية وهي حال الليل والنهار ، وحال طلوع الشمس وطلوع القمر ، ثم ذكر بعده بعض الأحوال الأرضية بقوله : { ومن ءاياته أنك ترى الأرض خاشعة } [ فصلت : 39 ] .ويدل لهذا الانتقال أنه انتقل من أسلوب الغيبة من قوله : { فإن أعرضوا فقل أنذرتكم صاعقة } إلى قوله : { ولا تستوي الحسنة ولا السيئة } [ فصلت : 13 34 ] إلى أسلوب خطابهم رجوعاً إلى خطابهم الذي في قوله : { أينكم لتكفرون بالذي خلق الأرض } [ فصلت : 9 ] .والآيات : الدلائل ، وإضافتها إلى ضمير الله لأنها دليل على وحدانيته وعلى وجوده .واختلافُ الليل والنهار آية من آيات القدرة التي لا يفعلها غير الله تعالى ، فلا جرم كانت دليلاً على انفراده بالصنع فهو منفرد بالإِلهية . وتقدم الكلام على الليل والنهار عند قوله تعالى في سورة البقرة ( 164 ) { إن في خلق السماوات والأرض واختلاف الليل والنهار } } .والمراد بالشمس والقمر ابتداءً هنا حركتُهما المنتظمة المستمرة ، وأمّا خلقهما فقد علم من خلق السماوات والأرض كما تقدم آنفاً في قوله : { فقضاهن سبع سموات } [ فصلت : 12 ] ، فإن الشمس إحدى السماوات السبع والقمر تابع للشمس ، ولم يُذكر ما يدل على بعض أحوال الشمس والقمر مثل طلُوع أو غروببٍ أو فَلَك أو نحو ذلك ليَكون صالحاً للاستدلال بأحوالهما وهو المقصود الأول ، ولخلقهما تأكيد لما استفيد من قوله : { فقضاهن سَبْعَ سموات } توفيراً للمعاني .ولما جرى الاعتبار بالشمس والقمر وكان في الناس أقوام عبدوا الشمس والقمر وهم الصابئة ومنبعهم من العراق من زمن إبراهيم عليه السلام ، وقد قصَّ الله خبرَهم في سورة الأنعام ( 76 ) في قوله : { فلما جن عليه الليل رأى كوكباً قال هذا ربي } الآيات ، ثم ظهر هذا الدين في سبأ ، عبدوا الشمس كما قصه الله في سورة النمل . ولم أقف على أن العرب في زمن نزول القرآن كان منهم من يعبد الشمس والقمر ، ويَظهر من كلام الزمخشري أنه لم يقف على ذلك لقوله هنا : ( لعل ناساً منهم كانوا يسجدون للشمس والقمر ) ا ه . ولكن وجود عبادة الشمس في اليمن أيام سبأ قبل أن يتهَوَّدُوا يقتضي بقاء آثاره من عبادة الشمس في بعض بلاد العرب . وقد ذكر من أصنام العرب صنم اسمه ( شَمس ) وبه سموا ( عبدَ شمس ) ، وكذلك جعلهم من أسماء الشمس الإلهة ، قالت مَيَّة بنتُ أم عتبة: ... تروَّحْنَا من اللَّعْبَاء عَصْراًفأعْجَلْنا الإِلهةَ أن تؤوبا ... وكان الصنم الذي اسمه شمس يَعبده بنو تميم وضبة وَتَيْم وعُكْل وأُدّ .وكنت وقفت على أن بعض كنانة عبدوا القمر .وفي «تلخيص التفسير» للكواشي : ( وكان الناس يسجدون للشمس والقمر يزعمون أنهم يقصدون بذلك السجود للَّه كالصابئين فنهوا عن ذلك وأمروا أن يخصوه تعالى بالعبادة ) وليس فيه أن هؤلاء الناس من العرب ، على أن هدي القرآن لا يختص بالعرب بل شيوع دين الصابئة في البلاد المجاورة لهم كاف في التحذير من السجود للشمس والقمر . وقد كان العرب يحسبون دين الإسلام دين الصابئة فكانوا يقولون لمن أسلم : صَبَأَ ، وكانوا يصفون النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بالصابىء ، فإذا لم يكن النهي في قوله : { لاَ تَسْجُدُوا للشَّمْسسِ ولاَ للقَمَرِ } نهيَ إقلاع بالنسبة للذين يسجدون للشمس والقمر ، فهو نهي تحذير لمن لم يسجد لهما أن لا يتبعوا من يعبدونهما .ووقوع قوله : { واسْجُدُوا لله الذِي خَلَقَهُنَّ } بعد النهي عن السجود للشمس والقمر يفيد مفاد الحصر لأن النهي بمنزلة النفي ، ووقوع الإِثبات بعده بمنزلة مقابلة النفي بالإِيجاب ، فإنه بمنزلة النفي والاستثناء في إفادة الحصر كما تراه في قول السموأل أو عبد الملك الحارثي: ... تسيل على حد الظبات نفوسناوليست على غير الظبات تسيل ... فكأنه قيل : لا تسجدوا إلا لله ، أي دون الشمس والقمر .فجملة { لا تَسْجدوا للشَّمس } إلى قوله : { تَعْبُدُونَ } معترضة بين جملة { وَمِن ءاياته الليَّلُ والنَّهَارُ } ، وبين جملة { فَإنْ استَكْبَرُوا } [ فصلت : 38 ] . وفي هذه الآية موضع سجود من سجود التلاوة ، فقال مالك وأصحابه عدا ابن وهب : السجود عند قوله تعالى : { إن كنتم إيَّاهُ تعبدون } وهو قول علي بن أبي طالب وابن مسعود ، وروي عن الشافعي . وقال أبو حنيفة والشافعي في المشهور عنه وابنُ وهب : هي عند قوله : { وَهُمْ لا يَسْأمُونَ } [ فصلت : 38 ] ، وهو عن ابن عمر وابن عباس وسعيد بن المسيب .
ثم ذكر تعالى أن { مِنْ آيَاتِهِ } الدالة على كمال قدرته، ونفوذ مشيئته، وسعة سلطانه، ورحمته بعباده، وأنه الله وحده لا شريك له { اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ } هذا بمنفعة ضيائه، وتصرف العباد فيه، وهذا بمنفعه ظلمه، وسكون الخلق فيه. { وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ } اللذان لا تستقيم معايش العباد، ولا أبدانهم، ولا أبدان حيواناتهم، إلا بهما، وبهما من المصالح ما لا يحصى عدده.{ لَا تَسْجُدُوا لِلشَّمْسِ وَلَا لِلْقَمَرِ } فإنهما مدبران مسخران مخلوقان. { وَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ الذي خلقهن } أي: اعبدوه وحده، لأنه الخالق العظيم، ودعوا عبادة ما سواه، من المخلوقات، وإن كبر، جرمه وكثرت مصالحه، فإن ذلك ليس منه، وإنما هو من خالقه، تبارك وتعالى. { إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ } فخصوه بالعبادة وإخلاص الدين له.
قوله تعالى : " ومن آياته " علاماته الدالة على وحدانيته وقدرته الليل والنهار والشمس والقمر وقد مضى في غير موضع . ثم نهى عن السجود لهما ، لأنهما وإن كانا خلقين فليس ذلك لفضيلة لهما في أنفسهما فيستحقان بها العبادة مع الله ; لأن خالقهما هو الله ، ولو شاء لأعدمهما أو طمس نورهما . واسجدوا لله الذي خلقهن وصورهن وسخرهن ، فالكناية ترجع إلى الشمس والقمر والليل والنهار . وقيل : للشمس والقمر خاصة ; لأن الاثنين جمع . وقيل : الضمير عائد على معنى الآيات إن كنتم إياه تعبدون وإنما أنث على جمع التكثير ولم يجر على طريق التغليب للمذكر والمؤنث لأنه فيما لا يعقل . فإن استكبروا يعني الكفار عن السجود لله فالذين عند ربك من الملائكة يسبحون له بالليل والنهار وهم لا يسأمون أي لا يملون عبادته . قال زهير :سئمت تكاليف الحياة ومن يعش ثمانين حولا لا أبا لك يسأممسألة : هذه الآية آية سجدة بلا خلاف ، واختلفوا في موضع السجود منها . فقال مالك : موضعه إن كنتم إياه تعبدون ; لأنه متصل بالأمر . وكان علي وابن مسعود وغيرهم يسجدون عند قوله : تعبدون . وقال ابن وهب والشافعي : موضعه " وهم لا يسأمون " لأنه تمام الكلام وغاية العبادة والامتثال . وبه قال أبو حنيفة . وكان ابن عباس يسجد عند قوله : يسأمون . وقال ابن عمر : اسجدوا بالآخرة منهما . وكذلك يروى عن مسروق وأبي عبد الرحمن السلمي وإبراهيم النخعي وأبي صالح ويحيى بن وثاب وطلحة وزبيد الياميين والحسن وابن سيرين . وكان أبو وائل وقتادة وبكر بن عبد الله يسجدون عند قوله : يسأمون . قال ابن العربي : والأمر قريب .مسألة : ذكر ابن خويز منداد : أن هذه الآية تضمنت صلاة كسوف القمر والشمس ، وذلك أن العرب كانت تقول : إن الشمس والقمر لا يكسفان إلا لموت عظيم ، فصلى النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - صلاة الكسوف .[ ص: 326 ] قلت : صلاة الكسوف ثابتة في الصحاح البخاري ومسلم وغيرهما . واختلفوا في كيفيتها اختلافا كثيرا ، لاختلاف الآثار ، وحسبك ما في صحيح مسلم من ذلك ، وهو العمدة في الباب . والله الموفق للصواب .
The greatest human blunder is having regard for outward appearances. In ancient times, the sun, the moon and stars appeared quite dazzling to man, so he took them as deities and started worshipping them. In the present age, it is the glamour of the material side of civilization which appears dazzling. So, materialism has now been given the same status as was enjoyed in former times by the sun and the moon, though the sun, the moon and other phenomena are all creations of God. A man should worship the Creator and not His creations. The arrogance of the proud is not related to the call of Truth but to the preacher giving that call. It appears to the leaders of an age that the preacher of Truth is smaller in stature than themselves and that therefore the message conveyed by him is also of lesser import.
It is Not permissible to prostrate before anyone except Allah Almighty لَا تَسْجُدُوا لِلشَّمْسِ وَلَا لِلْقَمَرِ‌ وَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّـهِ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُنَّ (Do not make sajdah [ prostration ] to the sun, or to the moon. And make sajdah to Allah who has created them - 37). It is learnt from this verse that prostration is the right of the Creator of the Universe only. The consensus of the Ummah is that to prostrate before any star, human being, etc. is haram (forbidden), whether it is for worship, or just as a gesture of respect and reverence. The only difference is that if someone prostrates before anyone other than Allah with intention to worship him, he becomes an infidel and the one who prostrates simply as a mark of respect and reverence is not called an infidel, but he is guilty of committing a serious haram act and is a sinner. Prostration of worship for any being other than Allah has never been lawful for any Ummah in any Shari` ah of any prophet, because it becomes a practice of shirk (polytheism) and shirk has never been allowed in any code of shari'ah revealed to any prophet. However, prostration in respect and reverence of anyone (with no intention to worshipping him) had been allowed in the codes of shari'ah revealed to some prophets. All the angels were ordered to prostrate before Sayyidna 'Adam (علیہ السلام) before he came into this world. It is stated in the Qur'an that the father and brothers of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) prostrated before him. But the jurisprudents of this Ummah are unanimous on the point that such a prostration was permissible in the earlier codes only, and it stands abrogated in Islam. Prostration for any being other than Allah has been declared absolutely haram (forbidden). Full details of this issue are given in the author's booklet ( المقالۃ المرضیۃ فی حکم سجدۃ التحیۃ) Al-maqalat-ulmardiyyah, fi Hukmi sajdat-it-tahiyyah' in Arabic, and its Urdu translation has also been published.
(And of His portents) and of the signs of His divine Oneness and power (are the night and the day and the sun and the moon) all these are signs from Allah. (Adore not the sun) worship not the sun (nor the moon; but adore Allah) but worship Allah (Who created them) i.e. He created the sun, the moon, the day and the night, (if it is in truth Him whom ye worship) if you wish to worship Allah, then do not worship the sun and the moon, for you should worship the One Who created them; it is also said that this means: if, by worshipping the sun and the moon, you intend to worship Allah, then do not worship them, for the worship of Allah lies in not worshipping them.