It is He Who created you. Then some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers in terms of your original disposition; then He makes you die and brings you back to life in that same disposition; and God is Seer of what you do.
He it is who created you. Among you are unbelievers and among you are faithful. The work is what He did in the Beginningless, the decree is what He issued in the Beginningless, the robe of honor what He bestowed in the Beginningless. The apportioning was made, not to be increased or decreased. One was washed with the water of solicitude, another fastened by the nail of rejection-a decree without bias, a judgment without iniquity. The name of one was recorded in the ledger of the felicitous and accepted for beginningless bounty, without any cause in the midst. The name of another was recorded in the register of the wretched, the belt of rejection bound to his waist; he was driven from the threshold of acceptance and good fortune, and he has not the gall to say a word. “One group sought Him, and He abandoned them; another group fled from Him, and He grasped them.” One group never rested from the road of seeking night and day, making themselves emaciated and wasted with acts of struggle and discipline, but He placed the hand of rejection on their breasts, for “The seeking is rejected, the path blocked.” Another group became the devotees of idol-temples, prostrating themselves before Lat and Hubal, but the call of exaltedness had been set in place for their sake: “You are Mine, and I am yours.” Ibrāhīm Khawāṣṣ said, “Once I was walking in the desert for the sake of disengagement. I saw an old man sitting there, a hat on his head, and he was weeping in lowliness and misery. I said, 'Hello, who are you?' “He said, 'I am Abū Murra [the Father of Bitterness].' “I said, 'Why are you weeping?' “He said, 'Who is more worthy of weeping than I? For forty thousand years I was serving that threshold, and in the Highest Horizon no one was placed before me. Now look at the divine predetermination and the unseen decree-what days have been brought for me! “'O questioner! How will it be for you after me? I met what was ugly and it made Him happy. I had become conceited in union and over time became secure from His deception. Such has the aversion burnt me that not a speck of what I witnessed remains.
He it is who created you. Among you are unbelievers and among you are faithful. The work is what He did in the Beginningless, the decree is what He issued in the Beginningless, the robe of honor what He bestowed in the Beginningless. The apportioning was made, not to be increased or decreased. One was washed with the water of solicitude, another fastened by the nail of rejection-a decree without bias, a judgment without iniquity. The name of one was recorded in the ledger of the felicitous and accepted for beginningless bounty, without any cause in the midst. The name of another was recorded in the register of the wretched, the belt of rejection bound to his waist; he was driven from the threshold of acceptance and good fortune, and he has not the gall to say a word. “One group sought Him, and He abandoned them; another group fled from Him, and He grasped them.” One group never rested from the road of seeking night and day, making themselves emaciated and wasted with acts of struggle and discipline, but He placed the hand of rejection on their breasts, for “The seeking is rejected, the path blocked.” Another group became the devotees of idol-temples, prostrating themselves before Lat and Hubal, but the call of exaltedness had been set in place for their sake: “You are Mine, and I am yours.” Ibrāhīm Khawāṣṣ said, “Once I was walking in the desert for the sake of disengagement. I saw an old man sitting there, a hat on his head, and he was weeping in lowliness and misery. I said, 'Hello, who are you?' “He said, 'I am Abū Murra [the Father of Bitterness].' “I said, 'Why are you weeping?' “He said, 'Who is more worthy of weeping than I? For forty thousand years I was serving that threshold, and in the Highest Horizon no one was placed before me. Now look at the divine predetermination and the unseen decree-what days have been brought for me! “'O questioner! How will it be for you after me? I met what was ugly and it made Him happy. I had become conceited in union and over time became secure from His deception. Such has the aversion burnt me that not a speck of what I witnessed remains.
He it is who created you. Among you are unbelievers and among you are faithful. The work is what He did in the Beginningless, the decree is what He issued in the Beginningless, the robe of honor what He bestowed in the Beginningless. The apportioning was made, not to be increased or decreased. One was washed with the water of solicitude, another fastened by the nail of rejection-a decree without bias, a judgment without iniquity. The name of one was recorded in the ledger of the felicitous and accepted for beginningless bounty, without any cause in the midst. The name of another was recorded in the register of the wretched, the belt of rejection bound to his waist; he was driven from the threshold of acceptance and good fortune, and he has not the gall to say a word. “One group sought Him, and He abandoned them; another group fled from Him, and He grasped them.” One group never rested from the road of seeking night and day, making themselves emaciated and wasted with acts of struggle and discipline, but He placed the hand of rejection on their breasts, for “The seeking is rejected, the path blocked.” Another group became the devotees of idol-temples, prostrating themselves before Lat and Hubal, but the call of exaltedness had been set in place for their sake: “You are Mine, and I am yours.” Ibrāhīm Khawāṣṣ said, “Once I was walking in the desert for the sake of disengagement. I saw an old man sitting there, a hat on his head, and he was weeping in lowliness and misery. I said, 'Hello, who are you?' “He said, 'I am Abū Murra [the Father of Bitterness].' “I said, 'Why are you weeping?' “He said, 'Who is more worthy of weeping than I? For forty thousand years I was serving that threshold, and in the Highest Horizon no one was placed before me. Now look at the divine predetermination and the unseen decree-what days have been brought for me! “'O questioner! How will it be for you after me? I met what was ugly and it made Him happy. I had become conceited in union and over time became secure from His deception. Such has the aversion burnt me that not a speck of what I witnessed remains.
He it is who created you. Among you are unbelievers and among you are faithful. The work is what He did in the Beginningless, the decree is what He issued in the Beginningless, the robe of honor what He bestowed in the Beginningless. The apportioning was made, not to be increased or decreased. One was washed with the water of solicitude, another fastened by the nail of rejection-a decree without bias, a judgment without iniquity. The name of one was recorded in the ledger of the felicitous and accepted for beginningless bounty, without any cause in the midst. The name of another was recorded in the register of the wretched, the belt of rejection bound to his waist; he was driven from the threshold of acceptance and good fortune, and he has not the gall to say a word. “One group sought Him, and He abandoned them; another group fled from Him, and He grasped them.” One group never rested from the road of seeking night and day, making themselves emaciated and wasted with acts of struggle and discipline, but He placed the hand of rejection on their breasts, for “The seeking is rejected, the path blocked.” Another group became the devotees of idol-temples, prostrating themselves before Lat and Hubal, but the call of exaltedness had been set in place for their sake: “You are Mine, and I am yours.” Ibrāhīm Khawāṣṣ said, “Once I was walking in the desert for the sake of disengagement. I saw an old man sitting there, a hat on his head, and he was weeping in lowliness and misery. I said, 'Hello, who are you?' “He said, 'I am Abū Murra [the Father of Bitterness].' “I said, 'Why are you weeping?' “He said, 'Who is more worthy of weeping than I? For forty thousand years I was serving that threshold, and in the Highest Horizon no one was placed before me. Now look at the divine predetermination and the unseen decree-what days have been brought for me! “'O questioner! How will it be for you after me? I met what was ugly and it made Him happy. I had become conceited in union and over time became secure from His deception. Such has the aversion burnt me that not a speck of what I witnessed remains.
He it is who created you. Among you are unbelievers and among you are faithful.The work is what He did in the Beginningless, the decree is what He issued in the Beginningless, the robe of honor what He bestowed in the Beginningless. The apportioning was made, not to be increased or decreased. One was washed with the water of solicitude, another fastened by the nail of rejection-a decree without bias, a judgment without iniquity. The name of one was recorded in the ledger of the felicitous and accepted for beginningless bounty, without any cause in the midst. The name of another was recorded in the register of the wretched, the belt of rejection bound to his waist; he was driven from the threshold of acceptance and good fortune, and he has not the gall to say a word.�One group sought Him, and He abandoned them; another group fled from Him, and He grasped them.� One group never rested from the road of seeking night and day, making themselves emaciated and wasted with acts of struggle and discipline, but He placed the hand of rejection on their breasts, for �The seeking is rejected, the path blocked.� Another group became the devotees of idol-temples, prostrating themselves before Lat and Hubal, but the call of exaltedness had been set in place for their sake: �You are Mine, and I am yours.�Ibrāhīm Khawāṣṣ said, �Once I was walking in the desert for the sake of disengagement. I saw an old man sitting there, a hat on his head, and he was weeping in lowliness and misery. I said, 'Hello, who are you?'�He said, 'I am Abū Murra [the Father of Bitterness].' �I said, 'Why are you weeping?'�He said, 'Who is more worthy of weeping than I? For forty thousand years I was serving that threshold, and in the Highest Horizon no one was placed before me. Now look at the divine predetermination and the unseen decree-what days have been brought for me!�'O questioner! How will it be for you after me? I met what was ugly and it made Him happy.I had become conceited in unionand over time became secure from His deception.Such has the aversion burnt methat not a speck of what I witnessed remains.
الله هو الذي أوجدكم من العدم، فبعضكم جاحد لألوهيته، وبعضكم مصدِّق به عامل بشرعه، وهو سبحانه بصير بأعمالكم لا يخفى عليه شيء منها، وسيجازيكم بها.
وقوله تعالى "هو الذي خلقكم فمنكم كافر ومنكم مؤمن" أي هو الخالق لكم على هذه الصفة وأراد منكم ذلك فلا بد من وجود مؤمن وكافر وهو البصير بمن يستحق الهداية ممن يستحق الضلال وهو شهيد على أعمال عباده وسيجزيهم بها أتم الجزاء ولهذا قال تعالى والله بما تعملون بصير.
ثم بين - سبحانه - أقسام خلقه فى هذه الحياة فقال : ( هُوَ الذي خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنكُمْ مُّؤْمِنٌ ) .والخطاب فى قوله : ( خَلَقَكُمْ ) لجيمع المكلفين من هذه الأمة .والفاء فى قوله : ( فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ ) للتفريع المشعر بالتعجب من وجود من هو كافر بالله - تعالى - مع أنه - سبحانه - هو الذى خلقه ، وخلق كل شىء .وقدم ذكر الكافر ، لأنه الأهم فى هذا المقام ، ولأنه الأكثر عددا فى هذه الحياة .أي هو سبحانه - الذى خلقكم بقدرته ، دون أن يشاركه فى ذلك مشارك ، وزودكم بالعقول التى تعينكم على معرفة الخير من الشر ، والنافع من الضار وأرسل إليكم رسوله محمدا - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لكى يخرجكم من ظلمات الكفر إلى نور الإيمان ، وأنزل معه الكتاب الذى يدلكم على أنه رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وأنه صادق فيما يبلغه عن ربه ، وأمركم هذا الرسول الكريم بإخلاص العبادة لله - تعالى - وحده ، ولم يترك رسولنا - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وسيلة تهديكم إلى الحق إلا وأرشدكم إليها . . .ومع ذلك وجد منكم المختار للكفر بالحق ، المعرض عن الإيمان بوحدانية الله - تعالى - وكان منكم المستجيب للحق باختياره المخلص فى عقيدته لله - تعالى - المؤمن بوحدانيته ، المؤدى لجميع التكاليف التى كلفه - سبحانه - بها .قال القرطبى - بعد أن ذكر جملة من الأقوال فى معنى هذه الآية - : وقال الزجاج - وقوله أحسن الأقوال ، والذى عليه الأئمة والجمهور من الأمة - : إن الله خلق الكافر ، وكفره فعل له وكسب ، مع أن الله خالق الكفر . وخلق المؤمن ، وإيمانه فعل له وكسب ، مع أن الله خالق الإيمان .والكافر يكفر ويختار الكفر بعد خلق الله إياه ، لأن الله - تعالى - قدر ذلك عليه وعلمه منه ، ولا يجوز أن يوجد من كل واحد منهما ، غير الذى قدر عليه ، وعلمه منه .وقوله : ( والله بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ) أى : والله - تعالى - لا تخفى عليه خافية من أعمالكم ، وسيحاسبكم عليها يوم القيامة ، وسيجازى الذين أساءوا بما عملوا ، ويجازى الذين أحسنوا بالحسنى .
يقول تعالى ذكره: الله (الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ ) أيها الناس، وهو من ذكر اسم الله (فَمِنْكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ مُؤْمِنٌ ) يقول: فمنكم كافر بخالقه وأنه خلقه؛(وَمِنْكُمْ مُؤْمِنٌ ) يقول: ومنكم مصدّق به موقن أنه خالقه أو بارئه، (وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ ) يقول: والله الذي خلقكم بصير بأعمالكم عالم بها، لا يخفى عليه منها شيء، وهو مجازيكم بها، فاتقوه أن تخالفوه في أمره أو نهيه، فيسطوَ بكم.حدثنا محمد بن منصور الطوسي، قال: ثنا حسن بن موسى الأشيب، قال: ثنا ابن لهيعة، قال: ثنا بكر بن سوادة، عن أَبي تميم الجيشانيّ، عن أَبي ذرّ: " إن المَنِيَّ إذَا مَكث في الرحم أربعين ليلة، أتى ملك النفوس، فعرج به إلى الجبار في راحته ، فقال: أي ربّ عبدك هذا ذكر أم أنثى؟ فيقضي الله إليه ما هو قاض، ثم يقول: أي ربّ أشقي أم سعيد؟ فيكتب ما هو لاق: قال: وقرأ أَبو ذرّ فاتحة التغابن خمس آيات ".
( هو الذي خلقكم فمنكم كافر ومنكم مؤمن والله بما تعملون بصير ) ، قال ابن عباس : [ إن ] الله خلق بني آدم مؤمنا وكافرا ، ثم يعيدهم يوم القيامة كما خلقهم مؤمنا وكافرا .وروينا عن ابن عباس عن أبي بن كعب قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " إن الغلام الذي قتله الخضر عليه السلام طبع كافرا "وقال - جل ذكره - " ولا يلدوا إلا فاجرا كفارا " ( نوح - 27 ) .أخبرنا عبد الواحد بن أحمد المليحي ، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله النعيمي ، أخبرنا محمد بن يوسف ، حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل ، حدثنا سليمان بن حرب ، حدثنا حماد ، عن عبيد الله بن أبي بكر بن أنس [ عن أنس ] عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " وكل الله بالرحم ملكا فيقول : أي رب نطفة أي رب علقة ، أي رب مضغة ، فإذا أراد الله أن يقضي خلقها قال : يا رب أذكر أم أنثى أشقي أم سعيد ؟ فما الرزق فما الأجل ؟ فيكتب كذلك في بطن أمه "وقال جماعة : معنى الآية : إن الله خلق الخلق ثم كفروا وآمنوا لأن الله تعالى ذكر الخلق ثم وصفهم بفعلهم ، فقال : " فمنكم كافر ومنكم مؤمن " كما قال الله تعالى : " والله خلق كل دابة من ماء فمنهم من يمشي " ( النور - 45 ) والله خلقهم والمشي فعلهم . ثم اختلفوا في تأويلها : روي عن أبي سعيد الخدري أنه قال : " فمنكم كافر " في حياته " مؤمن " في العاقبة " ومنكم مؤمن " في حياته كافر في العاقبة .وقال عطاء بن أبي رباح : فمنكم كافر بالله مؤمن بالكواكب ، ومنكم مؤمن بالله كافر بالكواكب .وقيل فمنكم كافر بأن الله تعالى خلقه ، وهو مذهب الدهرية ، ومنكم مؤمن بأن الله خلقهوجملة القول فيه : أن الله خلق الكافر ، وكفره فعل له وكسب وخلق المؤمن ، وإيمانه فعل له وكسب ، فلكل واحد من الفريقين كسب واختيار وكسبه واختياره بتقدير الله ومشيئته فالمؤمن بعد خلق الله إياه يختار الإيمان لأن الله تعالى أراد ذلك منه وقدره عليه وعلمه منه ، والكافر بعد خلق الله تعالى إياه يختار الكفر لأن الله تعالى أراد ذلك منه وقدره عليه وعلمه منه . وهذا طريق أهل السنة والجماعة من سلكه أصاب الحق وسلم من الجبر والقدر .
هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنْكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ مُؤْمِنٌ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ (2)هذا تقرير لما أفاده قوله : { يسبح لله ما في السموات وما في الأرض } [ التغابن : 1 ] ، وتخلصٌ للمقصود منه على وجه التصريح بأن الذين أشركوا بالله قد كفروا بنعمته وبخلقهم زيادة على جحدهم دلائل تنزهه تعالى عن النقص الذي اعتقدوه له . ولذلك قدم { فمنكم كافر } على { ومنكم مؤمن } لأن الشق الأول هو المقصود بهذا الكلام تعريضاً وتصريحاً .وأفاد تعريف الجزأين من جملة { هو الذي خلقكم } قصر صفة الخالقية على الله تعالى ، وهو قصر حقيقي قصد به الإِشارة بالكناية بالرد على المشركين إذ عمدوا إلى عبادة أصنام يعلمون أنها لم تخلقهم فَما كانت مستحقة لأن تعبد ، لأن العبادة شكر . قال تعالى : { أفمن يخلق كمن لا يخلق أفلا تذكرون } [ النحل : 17 ] .والخطاب في قوله : { خلقكم } لِجميع الناس الذين يدعوهم القرآن بقرينة قوله : { فمنكم كافر ومنكم مؤمن } ، فإن الناس لا يعْدون هذين القسمين .والفاء في { فمنكم كافر } عاطفة على جملة { هو الذي خلقكم } وليست عاطفة على فعل { خلقكم } وهي للتفريع في الوقوع دون تسبب .ونظيره قوله : { وجعلنا في ذريتهما النبوءة والكتاب فمنهم مهتدٍ وكثير منهم فاسقون } [ الحديد : 26 ] ومثل هذا التفريع يستتبع التعجيب من جري أحوال بعض الناس على غير ما يقتضيه الطبع { وتجعلون رزقكم أنكم تكذبون } [ الواقعة : 82 ] فجملة { فمنكم كافر } هي المقصود من التفريع ، وهو تفريع في الحصول . وقدم ذكر الكافر لأنه الأهم في هذا المقام كما يشير إليه قوله تعالى في { ألم يأتكم نبؤا الذين كفروا من قبل } [ التغابن : 5 ] .وجملة { ومنكم مؤمن } تتميم وتنويه بشأن أهل الإِيمان ومضادَّة حالهم لحال أهل الكفر ومقابلة الحال بالحال .وقوله : { والله بما تعملون بصير } تتميم واحتراس واستطراد ، فهو تتميم لما يكمِّل المقصود من تقسيمهم إلى فريقين لإِبداء الفرق بين الفريقين في الخير والشر وهو عليم بذلك وعليم بأنه يقع وليس الله مغلوباً على وقوعه ولكن حكمته وعلمه اقتضيا ذلك . ودون تفصيل هذا تطويل نخصهُ بتأليف في معنى القدر وجريان أعمال الناس في الدنيا إن شاء الله . ونقتصر هنا على أن نقول : خلق الله الناس وأودع فيهم العقول التي تتوصل بالنظر السليم من التقصير وشوائب الهوى وغشاوات العناد إلى معرفة الله على الوصف اللائق به وخلق فيهم القُدرة على الأعمال الصالحة وغيرها المسماة عند الأشعري بالكسب وعند المعتزلة بقُدرة العبد ( والخلاف في التعبير ) . وأرشدهم إلى الصلاح وحذرهم من الفساد ، والله عالم بما يكتسبه كل أحد ولو شاء لصرف مقترف الفساد عن فعله ولكنه أوجد نُظُماً مرتبطاً بعضها ببعض ومنتشرة فقضت حكمته بالحفاظ على تلك النظم الكثيرة بأن لا يعوق سيرَها في طرائقها ولا يعطلَ عمَلها لأجل إصلاح أشخاص هم جزء من كلَ لأن النظُم العامة أعم فالحفاظ على اطرادها أصلح وأرجح ، فلا تتنازل إرادة الله وقدرته إلى التدخل فيما سُمي بالكسب على أصولنا أو بالقدرة الحادثة على أصول المعتزلة ، بل جعل بحكمته بين الخَلْققِ والكسب حاجزاً هو نظام تكوين الإِنسان بما فيه من إرادة وإدراك وقدرة ، وقد أشار إلى هذا قوله : { والله بما تعملون بصير } أي هو بصير به من قَبل أن تعملوه ، وبعد أن عملتموه .فالبصير : أريد به العالم عِلمَ انكشاف لا يقبل الخفاء فهو كعلم المشاهدة وهذا إطلاق شائع في القرآن لا سيما إذا أفردت صفة { بصير } بالذكر ولم تذكر معها صفة «سميع» .واصطلح بعض المتكلمين على أن صفة البصيرة : العالم بالمرْئيات . وقال بعضهم : هي تعلق العلم الإلهي بالأمور عند وقوعها . والحق أنها استعمالات مختلفة . وبهذا يتضح وجه الجمع بين ما يبدو من تعارض بين آيات القرآن وإخبارٍ من السنة فاجعلوه مِثالاً يُحتدى ، وقولوا هكذا . هكذا .وهو احتراس من أن يتوهم من تقسيمهم إلى فريقين أن ذلك رضى بالحالين كما حكي عن المشركين { وقالوا لو شاء الرحمان ما عبدناهم } [ الزخرف : 20 ] .وهو استطراد بطريق الكناية به عن الوعد والوعيد .وشمل قوله : { بما تعملون } أعمالَ القلوب كالإِيمان وهي المقصود ابتداء هنا .
وذكر أنه خلق العباد، وجعل منهم المؤمن والكافر، فإيمانهم وكفرهم كله، بقضاء الله وقدره، وهو الذي شاء ذلك منهم، بأن جعل لهم قدرة وإرادة، بها يتمكنون من كل ما يريدون من الأمر والنهي، { وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ } .
هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنْكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ مُؤْمِنٌقال ابن عباس : إن الله خلق بني آدم مؤمنا وكافرا , ويعيدهم في يوم القيامة مؤمنا وكافرا .وروى أبو سعيد الخدري قال : خطبنا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عشية فذكر شيئا مما يكون فقال : ( يولد الناس على طبقات شتى .يولد الرجل مؤمنا ويعيش مؤمنا ويموت مؤمنا .ويولد الرجل كافرا ويعيش كافرا ويموت كافرا .ويولد الرجل مؤمنا ويعيش مؤمنا ويموت كافرا .ويولد الرجل كافرا ويعيش كافرا ويموت مؤمنا ) .وقال ابن مسعود : قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( خلق الله فرعون في بطن أمه كافرا وخلق يحيى بن زكريا في بطن أمه مؤمنا ) .وفي الصحيح من حديث ابن مسعود : ( وإن أحدكم ليعمل بعمل أهل الجنة حتى ما يكون بينه وبينها إلا ذراع أو باع فيسبق عليه الكتاب فيعمل بعمل أهل النار فيدخلها .وإن أحدكم ليعمل بعمل أهل النار حتى ما يكون بينه وبينها إلا ذراع أو باع فيسبق عليه الكتاب فيعمل بعمل أهل الجنة فيدخلها ) .خرجه البخاري والترمذي وليس فيه ذكر الباع .وفي صحيح مسلم عن سهل بن سعد الساعدي أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : ( إن الرجل ليعمل عمل أهل الجنة فيما يبدو للناس وهو من أهل النار .وإن الرجل ليعمل عمل أهل النار فيما يبدو للناس وهو من أهل الجنة ) .قال علماؤنا : والمعنى تعلق العلم الأزلي بكل معلوم ; فيجري ما علم وأراد وحكم .فقد يريد إيمان شخص على عموم الأحوال , وقد يريده إلى وقت معلوم .وكذلك الكفر .وقيل في الكلام محذوف : فمنكم مؤمن ومنكم كافر ومنكم فاسق ; فحذف لما في الكلام من الدلالة عليه ; قاله الحسن .وقال غيره : لا حذف فيه ; لأن المقصود ذكر الطرفين .وقال جماعة من أهل العلم : إن الله خلق الخلق ثم كفروا وآمنوا .قالوا : وتمام الكلام " هو الذي خلقكم " .ثم وصفهم فقال : " فمنكم كافر ومنكم مؤمن " كقوله تعالى : " والله خلق كل دابة من ماء فمنهم من يمشي على بطنه " [ النور : 45 ] الآية .قالوا : فالله خلقهم ; والمشي فعلهم .واختاره الحسين بن الفضل , قال : لو خلقهم مؤمنين وكافرين لما وصفهم بفعلهم في قوله " فمنكم كافر ومنكم مؤمن " .واحتجوا بقوله عليه الصلاة والسلام : ( كل مولود يولد على الفطرة فأبواه يهودانه وينصرانه ويمجسانه ) الحديث .وقد مضى في " الروم " مستوفى .قال الضحاك : فمنكم كافر في السر مؤمن في العلانية كالمنافق , ومنكم مؤمن في السر كافر في العلانية كعمار وذويه .وقال عطاء بن أبي رباح : فمنكم كافر بالله مؤمن بالكواكب , ومنكم مؤمن بالله كافر بالكواكب ; يعني في شأن الأنواء .وقال الزجاج - وهو أحسن الأقوال , والذي عليه الأئمة والجمهور من الأمة - : إن الله خلق الكافر , وكفره فعل له وكسب ; مع أن الله خالق الكفر .وخلق المؤمن , وإيمانه فعل له وكسب ; مع أن الله خالق الإيمان .والكافر يكفر ويختار الكفر بعد خلق الله إياه ; لأن الله تعالى قدر ذلك عليه وعلمه منه .ولا يجوز أن يوجد من كل واحد منهما غير الذي قدر عليه وعلمه منه ; لأن وجود خلاف المقدور عجز , ووجود خلاف المعلوم جعل , ولا يليقان بالله تعالى .وفي هذا سلامة من الجبر والقدر ; كما قال الشاعر : يا ناظرا في الدين ما الأمر لا قدر صح ولا جبر وقال سيلان : قدم أعرابي البصرة فقيل له : ما تقول في القدر ؟ فقال : أمر تغالت فيه الظنون , واختلف فيه المختلفون ; فالواجب أن نرد ما أشكل علينا من حكمه إلى ما سبق من علمه .وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌقال العلماء : وصف الله عز وجل نفسه بأنه بصير على معنى أنه عالم بخفيات الأمور .والبصير في كلام العرب : العالم بالشيء الخبير به ; ومنه قولهم : فلان بصير بالطب , وبصير بالفقه , وبصير بملاقاة الرجال ; قال : فإن تسألوني بالنساء فإنني بصير بأدواء النساء طبيب قال الخطابي : البصير العالم , والبصير المبصر .وقيل : وصف تعالى نفسه بأنه بصير على معنى جاعل الأشياء المبصرة ذوات إبصار , أي مدركة للمبصرات بما خلق لها من الآلة المدركة والقوة ; فالله بصير بعباده , أي جاعل عباده مبصرين .
The history made by the prophets in ancient times is an eternal source of admonition. For example, prophets appeared among the ‘Ad, the Thamud, the people of Madyan, and the community of Lot. These prophets did not possess any supernatural powers to prove their veracity. They had only reasoning in their favour. Rejection of the Truth in spite of its being backed by reasoning made the doubters liable for punishment. This shows that in this world a man is tested by his ability to recognise the Truth on the basis of reasoning. One who fails to do so will always remain deprived of the Truth.
Commentary
هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنكُم مُّؤْمِنٌ (He is the One who created you, then some of you are disbelievers, and some of you are believers…64:2). In the phrase fa-minkum, the particle ‘fa’ [ translated here as ‘then’] denotes ‘one thing happening after another’. In this instance, the phrase ‘khalaqakum’ [ created you ] indicates that at the inception of creation there were no unbelievers [ kafis ]. Human beings were, subsequently, divided into believers and non-believers by their own free will and choice with which Allah has invested them. They are rewarded or punished on account of exercising the free will and choice. A Prophetic Tradition states: کُلُّ مَولُودٍ یُّولَدُ علَی الفِطرَۃِ فَاَبَوَاہُ یُھِّدَانِہٖ وَ یُنَصِّرَانِہٖ (Everyone is born a Muslim, but his parents make him a Jew, a Christian…) [ Qurtubi ].
Two Nations Theory
The Holy Qura’ n has divided mankind here into two groups: a believing group and a non-believing one. This indicates that the children of ‘Adam (علیہ السلام) is one single brotherhood, and all human beings are members of this brotherhood. Kufr [ unbelief ] is the only dividing line that severs relationship with this brotherhood and creates another group. He who becomes a Kafir has severed the relationship of human brotherhood. Thus group-formation can only take place on the basis of ‘Iman and Kufr. Neither colour nor language, neither lineage nor family, neither land, territory or geographical region can divide human brotherhood into rival groups. The offspring of one father may live in different cities, or use different languages, or have different colours, but it does not divide them into different groups. Despite differences of colour, language, country or territory, they are members of the same brotherhood. No sane person will ever regard them as different groups.
In the Days of Ignorance, ethnicity and tribal divisions had become the basis of factionalism but the Messenger of Allah ﷺ broke down these idols, which they pursued. By the express text of the Holy Qur’ an اِنَّمَا المُؤمِنُونَ اِخوَۃٌ ‘All believers are but brothers’ irrespective of their country or territory, their colour or family, or their language. They all belong to one brotherhood. So likewise, the non-believers, in the sight of Islam, belong to a single community.
The above verse also bears evidence to the fact that Allah has divided all mankind into two groups – the believers and the non-believers. The variety of the perfect power of Allah, and having many socio-economic benefits, it is a great blessing, but it is not permitted to use it as the basis of factionalism or group-foration among mankind.
Moreover, the binary division of mankind on the basis of ‘Iman and Kufr is a matter of free will and choice. Both ‘Iman and Kufr may be adopted by one’ s free will. If a person chooses out of his own free will to abandon his group and join another, he can do it very easily: He may give up his articles of faith, choose another faith and thus join the other group. On the other hand, the affiliations of race, lineage, colour, language or territory are not within the power or control of anyone. No one can change his affiliation with his race, colour or language.
It is this Islamic brotherhood that, in a short span of time, from east to west, north to south, white and black, and Arabs and non-Arabs, whose might and power could not be resisted by the nations of the world, and therefore they revived once again the idols that were shattered by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Islam. They partitioned the one mighty ummah and Muslims in to small bits and pieces of nations based on territory, homeland, language and colour, race and lineage, and caused them to collide with one another. This cleared the way for the enemies of Islam to attack, the consequences of which are visible to every eye today. The Muslims of east and west were one nation and one heart, but are now divided into small groups fighting one another. As against this, the Shaitanic forces of Kufr, despite mutual disagreements, look like a united force against the Muslims.
(He it is Who created you) from Adam and Adam is from dust, (but one of you is a disbeliever) openly (and one of you is a believer) openly; it is also said that this means: one of you is a disbeliever who becomes a believer-this is said as an encouragement to accept faith-and one of you is a believer who becomes a disbeliever-this is a warning against disbelief-; it is also said that this means: one of you is a disbeliever both inwardly and outwardly-this is the real disbeliever-and one of you is a believer inwardly and outwardly and this is the real believer, and one of you is a disbeliever inwardly and a believer outwardly, and this is the hypocrite, (and Allah is Seer of what ye do) of good and evil.
�God is Seer (baṣīr) of what you do.⸢He said:⸢He is Seeing (baṣīr)⸣ if the act is compatible with (wāfaqa) [a person�s] nature (ṭabʿ) and disposition (khilqa).His words, Exalted is He:
Which was revealed in Al-Madinah or Makkah
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praising Allah and mentioning His Creation and Knowledge
This is the last Surah among Al-Musabbihat. We mentioned before that all creatures praise the glory of Allah, their Creator and Owner. Allah the Exalted said,
لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ
(His is the dominion, and to Him belongs the praise,) meaning, He is the One Who has control over all creation, the One praised for all He created and decreed. Allah's statement,
وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
(and He is Able to do all things.) means that whatever He wills occurs without resistance, and whatever He does not will, never occurs. Allah said,
هُوَ الَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنكُمْ مُّؤْمِنٌ
(He it is Who created you, then some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers.) meaning, Allah created you with these characteristics and He willed that for you. Therefore, there will be believers and disbelievers. Surely, Allah is the One Who sees those who deserve guidance and those who deserve misguidance. He is the Witness over His servant's deeds and He will completely recompense them. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ
(And Allah is All-Seer of what you do. ) Allah said,
خَلَقَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالأَرْضَ بِالْحقِّ
(He has created the heavens and the earth with truth,) with equity and wisdom,
وَصَوَّرَكُمْ فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُمْ
(and He shaped you and made good your shapes.) He made you in the best shapes and forms. Allah the Exalted said,
يأَيُّهَا الإِنسَـنُ مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ الْكَرِيمِ - الَّذِى خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّاكَ فَعَدَلَكَ - فِى أَىِّ صُورَةٍ مَّا شَآءَ رَكَّبَكَ
(O man! What has made you careless about your Lord, the most Generous Who created you, fashioned you perfectly and gave you due proportion; in whatever form He willed, He put you together.) (82:6-8) And His saying,
اللَّهُ الَّذِى جَعَـلَ لَكُـمُ الاٌّرْضَ قَـرَاراً وَالسَّمَآءَ بِنَـآءً وَصَوَّرَكُـمْ فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُـمْ وَرَزَقَكُـمْ مِّنَ الطَّيِّبَـتِ
(Allah, it is He Who has made for you the earth as a dwelling place and the sky as a canopy, and has given you shape and made your shapes good (looking) and has provided you with good things.) (40:64) and His saying;
وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ
(And to Him is the return.) means the return and final destination. Allah then informs of His knowledge of all that there is in the heavens, in the earth and in the souls, He said:
يَعْلَمُ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تُسِرُّونَ وَمَا تُعْلِنُونَ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمُ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ
(He knows what is in the heavens and on earth, and He knows what you conceal and what you reveal. And Allah is the All-Knower of what is in the breasts.)
He it is who created you. Among you are unbelievers and among you are faithful. The work is what He did in the Beginningless, the decree is what He issued in the Beginningless, the robe of honor what He bestowed in the Beginningless. The apportioning was made, not to be increased or decreased. One was washed with the water of solicitude, another fastened by the nail of rejection-a decree without bias, a judgment without iniquity. The name of one was recorded in the ledger of the felicitous and accepted for beginningless bounty, without any cause in the midst. The name of another was recorded in the register of the wretched, the belt of rejection bound to his waist; he was driven from the threshold of acceptance and good fortune, and he has not the gall to say a word. “One group sought Him, and He abandoned them; another group fled from Him, and He grasped them.” One group never rested from the road of seeking night and day, making themselves emaciated and wasted with acts of struggle and discipline, but He placed the hand of rejection on their breasts, for “The seeking is rejected, the path blocked.” Another group became the devotees of idol-temples, prostrating themselves before Lat and Hubal, but the call of exaltedness had been set in place for their sake: “You are Mine, and I am yours.” Ibrāhīm Khawāṣṣ said, “Once I was walking in the desert for the sake of disengagement. I saw an old man sitting there, a hat on his head, and he was weeping in lowliness and misery. I said, 'Hello, who are you?' “He said, 'I am Abū Murra [the Father of Bitterness].' “I said, 'Why are you weeping?' “He said, 'Who is more worthy of weeping than I? For forty thousand years I was serving that threshold, and in the Highest Horizon no one was placed before me. Now look at the divine predetermination and the unseen decree-what days have been brought for me! “'O questioner! How will it be for you after me? I met what was ugly and it made Him happy. I had become conceited in union and over time became secure from His deception. Such has the aversion burnt me that not a speck of what I witnessed remains.
He it is who created you. Among you are unbelievers and among you are faithful. The work is what He did in the Beginningless, the decree is what He issued in the Beginningless, the robe of honor what He bestowed in the Beginningless. The apportioning was made, not to be increased or decreased. One was washed with the water of solicitude, another fastened by the nail of rejection-a decree without bias, a judgment without iniquity. The name of one was recorded in the ledger of the felicitous and accepted for beginningless bounty, without any cause in the midst. The name of another was recorded in the register of the wretched, the belt of rejection bound to his waist; he was driven from the threshold of acceptance and good fortune, and he has not the gall to say a word. “One group sought Him, and He abandoned them; another group fled from Him, and He grasped them.” One group never rested from the road of seeking night and day, making themselves emaciated and wasted with acts of struggle and discipline, but He placed the hand of rejection on their breasts, for “The seeking is rejected, the path blocked.” Another group became the devotees of idol-temples, prostrating themselves before Lat and Hubal, but the call of exaltedness had been set in place for their sake: “You are Mine, and I am yours.” Ibrāhīm Khawāṣṣ said, “Once I was walking in the desert for the sake of disengagement. I saw an old man sitting there, a hat on his head, and he was weeping in lowliness and misery. I said, 'Hello, who are you?' “He said, 'I am Abū Murra [the Father of Bitterness].' “I said, 'Why are you weeping?' “He said, 'Who is more worthy of weeping than I? For forty thousand years I was serving that threshold, and in the Highest Horizon no one was placed before me. Now look at the divine predetermination and the unseen decree-what days have been brought for me! “'O questioner! How will it be for you after me? I met what was ugly and it made Him happy. I had become conceited in union and over time became secure from His deception. Such has the aversion burnt me that not a speck of what I witnessed remains.
He it is who created you. Among you are unbelievers and among you are faithful. The work is what He did in the Beginningless, the decree is what He issued in the Beginningless, the robe of honor what He bestowed in the Beginningless. The apportioning was made, not to be increased or decreased. One was washed with the water of solicitude, another fastened by the nail of rejection-a decree without bias, a judgment without iniquity. The name of one was recorded in the ledger of the felicitous and accepted for beginningless bounty, without any cause in the midst. The name of another was recorded in the register of the wretched, the belt of rejection bound to his waist; he was driven from the threshold of acceptance and good fortune, and he has not the gall to say a word. “One group sought Him, and He abandoned them; another group fled from Him, and He grasped them.” One group never rested from the road of seeking night and day, making themselves emaciated and wasted with acts of struggle and discipline, but He placed the hand of rejection on their breasts, for “The seeking is rejected, the path blocked.” Another group became the devotees of idol-temples, prostrating themselves before Lat and Hubal, but the call of exaltedness had been set in place for their sake: “You are Mine, and I am yours.” Ibrāhīm Khawāṣṣ said, “Once I was walking in the desert for the sake of disengagement. I saw an old man sitting there, a hat on his head, and he was weeping in lowliness and misery. I said, 'Hello, who are you?' “He said, 'I am Abū Murra [the Father of Bitterness].' “I said, 'Why are you weeping?' “He said, 'Who is more worthy of weeping than I? For forty thousand years I was serving that threshold, and in the Highest Horizon no one was placed before me. Now look at the divine predetermination and the unseen decree-what days have been brought for me! “'O questioner! How will it be for you after me? I met what was ugly and it made Him happy. I had become conceited in union and over time became secure from His deception. Such has the aversion burnt me that not a speck of what I witnessed remains.
He it is who created you. Among you are unbelievers and among you are faithful. The work is what He did in the Beginningless, the decree is what He issued in the Beginningless, the robe of honor what He bestowed in the Beginningless. The apportioning was made, not to be increased or decreased. One was washed with the water of solicitude, another fastened by the nail of rejection-a decree without bias, a judgment without iniquity. The name of one was recorded in the ledger of the felicitous and accepted for beginningless bounty, without any cause in the midst. The name of another was recorded in the register of the wretched, the belt of rejection bound to his waist; he was driven from the threshold of acceptance and good fortune, and he has not the gall to say a word. “One group sought Him, and He abandoned them; another group fled from Him, and He grasped them.” One group never rested from the road of seeking night and day, making themselves emaciated and wasted with acts of struggle and discipline, but He placed the hand of rejection on their breasts, for “The seeking is rejected, the path blocked.” Another group became the devotees of idol-temples, prostrating themselves before Lat and Hubal, but the call of exaltedness had been set in place for their sake: “You are Mine, and I am yours.” Ibrāhīm Khawāṣṣ said, “Once I was walking in the desert for the sake of disengagement. I saw an old man sitting there, a hat on his head, and he was weeping in lowliness and misery. I said, 'Hello, who are you?' “He said, 'I am Abū Murra [the Father of Bitterness].' “I said, 'Why are you weeping?' “He said, 'Who is more worthy of weeping than I? For forty thousand years I was serving that threshold, and in the Highest Horizon no one was placed before me. Now look at the divine predetermination and the unseen decree-what days have been brought for me! “'O questioner! How will it be for you after me? I met what was ugly and it made Him happy. I had become conceited in union and over time became secure from His deception. Such has the aversion burnt me that not a speck of what I witnessed remains.
He it is who created you. Among you are unbelievers and among you are faithful.The work is what He did in the Beginningless, the decree is what He issued in the Beginningless, the robe of honor what He bestowed in the Beginningless. The apportioning was made, not to be increased or decreased. One was washed with the water of solicitude, another fastened by the nail of rejection-a decree without bias, a judgment without iniquity. The name of one was recorded in the ledger of the felicitous and accepted for beginningless bounty, without any cause in the midst. The name of another was recorded in the register of the wretched, the belt of rejection bound to his waist; he was driven from the threshold of acceptance and good fortune, and he has not the gall to say a word.�One group sought Him, and He abandoned them; another group fled from Him, and He grasped them.� One group never rested from the road of seeking night and day, making themselves emaciated and wasted with acts of struggle and discipline, but He placed the hand of rejection on their breasts, for �The seeking is rejected, the path blocked.� Another group became the devotees of idol-temples, prostrating themselves before Lat and Hubal, but the call of exaltedness had been set in place for their sake: �You are Mine, and I am yours.�Ibrāhīm Khawāṣṣ said, �Once I was walking in the desert for the sake of disengagement. I saw an old man sitting there, a hat on his head, and he was weeping in lowliness and misery. I said, 'Hello, who are you?'�He said, 'I am Abū Murra [the Father of Bitterness].' �I said, 'Why are you weeping?'�He said, 'Who is more worthy of weeping than I? For forty thousand years I was serving that threshold, and in the Highest Horizon no one was placed before me. Now look at the divine predetermination and the unseen decree-what days have been brought for me!�'O questioner! How will it be for you after me? I met what was ugly and it made Him happy.I had become conceited in unionand over time became secure from His deception.Such has the aversion burnt methat not a speck of what I witnessed remains.
هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنْكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ مُؤْمِنٌقال ابن عباس : إن الله خلق بني آدم مؤمنا وكافرا , ويعيدهم في يوم القيامة مؤمنا وكافرا .وروى أبو سعيد الخدري قال : خطبنا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عشية فذكر شيئا مما يكون فقال : ( يولد الناس على طبقات شتى .يولد الرجل مؤمنا ويعيش مؤمنا ويموت مؤمنا .ويولد الرجل كافرا ويعيش كافرا ويموت كافرا .ويولد الرجل مؤمنا ويعيش مؤمنا ويموت كافرا .ويولد الرجل كافرا ويعيش كافرا ويموت مؤمنا ) .وقال ابن مسعود : قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( خلق الله فرعون في بطن أمه كافرا وخلق يحيى بن زكريا في بطن أمه مؤمنا ) .وفي الصحيح من حديث ابن مسعود : ( وإن أحدكم ليعمل بعمل أهل الجنة حتى ما يكون بينه وبينها إلا ذراع أو باع فيسبق عليه الكتاب فيعمل بعمل أهل النار فيدخلها .وإن أحدكم ليعمل بعمل أهل النار حتى ما يكون بينه وبينها إلا ذراع أو باع فيسبق عليه الكتاب فيعمل بعمل أهل الجنة فيدخلها ) .خرجه البخاري والترمذي وليس فيه ذكر الباع .وفي صحيح مسلم عن سهل بن سعد الساعدي أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : ( إن الرجل ليعمل عمل أهل الجنة فيما يبدو للناس وهو من أهل النار .وإن الرجل ليعمل عمل أهل النار فيما يبدو للناس وهو من أهل الجنة ) .قال علماؤنا : والمعنى تعلق العلم الأزلي بكل معلوم ; فيجري ما علم وأراد وحكم .فقد يريد إيمان شخص على عموم الأحوال , وقد يريده إلى وقت معلوم .وكذلك الكفر .وقيل في الكلام محذوف : فمنكم مؤمن ومنكم كافر ومنكم فاسق ; فحذف لما في الكلام من الدلالة عليه ; قاله الحسن .وقال غيره : لا حذف فيه ; لأن المقصود ذكر الطرفين .وقال جماعة من أهل العلم : إن الله خلق الخلق ثم كفروا وآمنوا .قالوا : وتمام الكلام " هو الذي خلقكم " .ثم وصفهم فقال : " فمنكم كافر ومنكم مؤمن " كقوله تعالى : " والله خلق كل دابة من ماء فمنهم من يمشي على بطنه " [ النور : 45 ] الآية .قالوا : فالله خلقهم ; والمشي فعلهم .واختاره الحسين بن الفضل , قال : لو خلقهم مؤمنين وكافرين لما وصفهم بفعلهم في قوله " فمنكم كافر ومنكم مؤمن " .واحتجوا بقوله عليه الصلاة والسلام : ( كل مولود يولد على الفطرة فأبواه يهودانه وينصرانه ويمجسانه ) الحديث .وقد مضى في " الروم " مستوفى .قال الضحاك : فمنكم كافر في السر مؤمن في العلانية كالمنافق , ومنكم مؤمن في السر كافر في العلانية كعمار وذويه .وقال عطاء بن أبي رباح : فمنكم كافر بالله مؤمن بالكواكب , ومنكم مؤمن بالله كافر بالكواكب ; يعني في شأن الأنواء .وقال الزجاج - وهو أحسن الأقوال , والذي عليه الأئمة والجمهور من الأمة - : إن الله خلق الكافر , وكفره فعل له وكسب ; مع أن الله خالق الكفر .وخلق المؤمن , وإيمانه فعل له وكسب ; مع أن الله خالق الإيمان .والكافر يكفر ويختار الكفر بعد خلق الله إياه ; لأن الله تعالى قدر ذلك عليه وعلمه منه .ولا يجوز أن يوجد من كل واحد منهما غير الذي قدر عليه وعلمه منه ; لأن وجود خلاف المقدور عجز , ووجود خلاف المعلوم جعل , ولا يليقان بالله تعالى .وفي هذا سلامة من الجبر والقدر ; كما قال الشاعر : يا ناظرا في الدين ما الأمر لا قدر صح ولا جبر وقال سيلان : قدم أعرابي البصرة فقيل له : ما تقول في القدر ؟ فقال : أمر تغالت فيه الظنون , واختلف فيه المختلفون ; فالواجب أن نرد ما أشكل علينا من حكمه إلى ما سبق من علمه .وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌقال العلماء : وصف الله عز وجل نفسه بأنه بصير على معنى أنه عالم بخفيات الأمور .والبصير في كلام العرب : العالم بالشيء الخبير به ; ومنه قولهم : فلان بصير بالطب , وبصير بالفقه , وبصير بملاقاة الرجال ; قال : فإن تسألوني بالنساء فإنني بصير بأدواء النساء طبيب قال الخطابي : البصير العالم , والبصير المبصر .وقيل : وصف تعالى نفسه بأنه بصير على معنى جاعل الأشياء المبصرة ذوات إبصار , أي مدركة للمبصرات بما خلق لها من الآلة المدركة والقوة ; فالله بصير بعباده , أي جاعل عباده مبصرين .
The history made by the prophets in ancient times is an eternal source of admonition. For example, prophets appeared among the ‘Ad, the Thamud, the people of Madyan, and the community of Lot. These prophets did not possess any supernatural powers to prove their veracity. They had only reasoning in their favour. Rejection of the Truth in spite of its being backed by reasoning made the doubters liable for punishment. This shows that in this world a man is tested by his ability to recognise the Truth on the basis of reasoning. One who fails to do so will always remain deprived of the Truth.
Commentary
هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنكُم مُّؤْمِنٌ (He is the One who created you, then some of you are disbelievers, and some of you are believers…64:2). In the phrase fa-minkum, the particle ‘fa’ [ translated here as ‘then’] denotes ‘one thing happening after another’. In this instance, the phrase ‘khalaqakum’ [ created you ] indicates that at the inception of creation there were no unbelievers [ kafis ]. Human beings were, subsequently, divided into believers and non-believers by their own free will and choice with which Allah has invested them. They are rewarded or punished on account of exercising the free will and choice. A Prophetic Tradition states: کُلُّ مَولُودٍ یُّولَدُ علَی الفِطرَۃِ فَاَبَوَاہُ یُھِّدَانِہٖ وَ یُنَصِّرَانِہٖ (Everyone is born a Muslim, but his parents make him a Jew, a Christian…) [ Qurtubi ].
Two Nations Theory
The Holy Qura’ n has divided mankind here into two groups: a believing group and a non-believing one. This indicates that the children of ‘Adam (علیہ السلام) is one single brotherhood, and all human beings are members of this brotherhood. Kufr [ unbelief ] is the only dividing line that severs relationship with this brotherhood and creates another group. He who becomes a Kafir has severed the relationship of human brotherhood. Thus group-formation can only take place on the basis of ‘Iman and Kufr. Neither colour nor language, neither lineage nor family, neither land, territory or geographical region can divide human brotherhood into rival groups. The offspring of one father may live in different cities, or use different languages, or have different colours, but it does not divide them into different groups. Despite differences of colour, language, country or territory, they are members of the same brotherhood. No sane person will ever regard them as different groups.
In the Days of Ignorance, ethnicity and tribal divisions had become the basis of factionalism but the Messenger of Allah ﷺ broke down these idols, which they pursued. By the express text of the Holy Qur’ an اِنَّمَا المُؤمِنُونَ اِخوَۃٌ ‘All believers are but brothers’ irrespective of their country or territory, their colour or family, or their language. They all belong to one brotherhood. So likewise, the non-believers, in the sight of Islam, belong to a single community.
The above verse also bears evidence to the fact that Allah has divided all mankind into two groups – the believers and the non-believers. The variety of the perfect power of Allah, and having many socio-economic benefits, it is a great blessing, but it is not permitted to use it as the basis of factionalism or group-foration among mankind.
Moreover, the binary division of mankind on the basis of ‘Iman and Kufr is a matter of free will and choice. Both ‘Iman and Kufr may be adopted by one’ s free will. If a person chooses out of his own free will to abandon his group and join another, he can do it very easily: He may give up his articles of faith, choose another faith and thus join the other group. On the other hand, the affiliations of race, lineage, colour, language or territory are not within the power or control of anyone. No one can change his affiliation with his race, colour or language.
It is this Islamic brotherhood that, in a short span of time, from east to west, north to south, white and black, and Arabs and non-Arabs, whose might and power could not be resisted by the nations of the world, and therefore they revived once again the idols that were shattered by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Islam. They partitioned the one mighty ummah and Muslims in to small bits and pieces of nations based on territory, homeland, language and colour, race and lineage, and caused them to collide with one another. This cleared the way for the enemies of Islam to attack, the consequences of which are visible to every eye today. The Muslims of east and west were one nation and one heart, but are now divided into small groups fighting one another. As against this, the Shaitanic forces of Kufr, despite mutual disagreements, look like a united force against the Muslims.
(He it is Who created you) from Adam and Adam is from dust, (but one of you is a disbeliever) openly (and one of you is a believer) openly; it is also said that this means: one of you is a disbeliever who becomes a believer-this is said as an encouragement to accept faith-and one of you is a believer who becomes a disbeliever-this is a warning against disbelief-; it is also said that this means: one of you is a disbeliever both inwardly and outwardly-this is the real disbeliever-and one of you is a believer inwardly and outwardly and this is the real believer, and one of you is a disbeliever inwardly and a believer outwardly, and this is the hypocrite, (and Allah is Seer of what ye do) of good and evil.
Which was revealed in Al-Madinah or Makkah
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ
(In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praising Allah and mentioning His Creation and Knowledge
This is the last Surah among Al-Musabbihat. We mentioned before that all creatures praise the glory of Allah, their Creator and Owner. Allah the Exalted said,
لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ
(His is the dominion, and to Him belongs the praise,) meaning, He is the One Who has control over all creation, the One praised for all He created and decreed. Allah's statement,
وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
(and He is Able to do all things.) means that whatever He wills occurs without resistance, and whatever He does not will, never occurs. Allah said,
هُوَ الَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنكُمْ مُّؤْمِنٌ
(He it is Who created you, then some of you are disbelievers and some of you are believers.) meaning, Allah created you with these characteristics and He willed that for you. Therefore, there will be believers and disbelievers. Surely, Allah is the One Who sees those who deserve guidance and those who deserve misguidance. He is the Witness over His servant's deeds and He will completely recompense them. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ
(And Allah is All-Seer of what you do. ) Allah said,
خَلَقَ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالأَرْضَ بِالْحقِّ
(He has created the heavens and the earth with truth,) with equity and wisdom,
وَصَوَّرَكُمْ فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُمْ
(and He shaped you and made good your shapes.) He made you in the best shapes and forms. Allah the Exalted said,
يأَيُّهَا الإِنسَـنُ مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ الْكَرِيمِ - الَّذِى خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّاكَ فَعَدَلَكَ - فِى أَىِّ صُورَةٍ مَّا شَآءَ رَكَّبَكَ
(O man! What has made you careless about your Lord, the most Generous Who created you, fashioned you perfectly and gave you due proportion; in whatever form He willed, He put you together.) (82:6-8) And His saying,
اللَّهُ الَّذِى جَعَـلَ لَكُـمُ الاٌّرْضَ قَـرَاراً وَالسَّمَآءَ بِنَـآءً وَصَوَّرَكُـمْ فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُـمْ وَرَزَقَكُـمْ مِّنَ الطَّيِّبَـتِ
(Allah, it is He Who has made for you the earth as a dwelling place and the sky as a canopy, and has given you shape and made your shapes good (looking) and has provided you with good things.) (40:64) and His saying;
وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ
(And to Him is the return.) means the return and final destination. Allah then informs of His knowledge of all that there is in the heavens, in the earth and in the souls, He said:
يَعْلَمُ مَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تُسِرُّونَ وَمَا تُعْلِنُونَ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمُ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ
(He knows what is in the heavens and on earth, and He knows what you conceal and what you reveal. And Allah is the All-Knower of what is in the breasts.)