Tafsir al-Baghawi (Ma'alim al-Tanzil) `Abasa عَبَسَ (He Frowned) 42 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
He frowned and turned awa
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

مكية"عبس"، كلح، "وتولى"، أعرض بوجهه.

أَن جَاءَهُ الْأَعْمَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
when the blind man came to him––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( أن جاءه الأعمى ) [ أي : لأن جاءه الأعمى ] وهو ابن أم مكتوم ، واسمه عبد الله بن شريح بن مالك بن ربيعة الفهري من بني عامر بن لؤي ، وذلك أنه أتى رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ، وهو يناجي عتبة بن ربيعة ، وأبا جهل بن هشام ، والعباس بن عبد المطلب ، وأبي بن خلف ، وأخاه أمية ، يدعوهم إلى الله ، يرجو إسلامهم ، فقال ابن أم مكتوم : [ يا رسول الله ] أقرئني وعلمني مما علمك الله ، فجعل يناديه ويكرر النداء ، ولا يدري أنه مقبل على غيره حتى ظهرت الكراهية في وجه رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - لقطعه كلامه ، وقال في نفسه : يقول هؤلاء الصناديد : إنما أتباعه العميان والعبيد والسفلة ، فعبس وجهه وأعرض عنه ، وأقبل على القوم الذين يكلمهم ، فأنزل الله هذه الآيات ، فكان رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بعد ذلك يكرمه ، وإذا رآه قال : مرحبا بمن عاتبني فيه ربي ، ويقول له : هل لك من حاجة ؟ واستخلفه على المدينة مرتين في غزوتين غزاهما ، قال أنس بن مالك : فرأيته يوم القادسية عليه درع ومعه راية سوداء .

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وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّهُ يَزَّكَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
for all you know, he might have grown in spirit
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وما يدريك لعله يزكى"، يتطهر من الذنوب بالعمل الصالح وما يتعلمه منك، وقال ابن زيد: يسلم.

أَوْ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنفَعَهُ الذِّكْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
or taken note of something useful to him
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"أو يذكر"، يتعظ، "فتنفعه الذكرى"، الموعظة قرأ عاصم: "فتنفعه" بنصب العين على جواب لعل بالفاء، وقراءة العامة بالرفع نسقاً على قوله: "يذكر".

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أَمَّا مَنِ اسْتَغْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
For the self-satisfied on
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"أما من استغنى"، قال ابن عباس: عن الله وعن الإيمان بما له من المال.

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فَأَنتَ لَهُ تَصَدَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
you go out of your way––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فأنت له تصدى"، تتعرض له وتقبل عليه وتصغي إليه كلامه، وقرأ أهل الحجاز: "تصدى" بتشديد الصاد على الإدغام، أي: تتصدى، وقرأ الآخرون بتخفيف الصاد على الحذف.

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وَمَا عَلَيْكَ أَلَّا يَزَّكَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
though you are not to be blamed for his lack of spiritual growth––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

" وما عليك أن لا يزكى "، لا يؤمن ولا يهتدي، إن عليك إلا البلاغ.

وَأَمَّا مَن جَاءَكَ يَسْعَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
but from the one who has come to you full of eagernes
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وأما من جاءك يسعى"، يمشي يعني: ابن أم مكتوم.

وَهُوَ يَخْشَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
and aw
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وهو يخشى"، الله عز وجل.

فَأَنتَ عَنْهُ تَلَهَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
you allow yourself to be distracted
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فأنت عنه تلهى"، تتشاغل وتعرض عنه.

كَلَّا إِنَّهَا تَذْكِرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! This [Quran] is a lesso
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"كلا"، زجر، أي لا تفعل بعدها مثلها، "إنها" يعني هذه الموعظة. وقال مقاتل: آيات القرآن، "تذكرة"، موعظة وتذكير للخلق.

فَمَن شَاءَ ذَكَرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
from which those who wish to be taught should learn
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فمن شاء"، من عباد الله، "ذكره"، أي اتعظ به. وقال مقاتل: فمن شاء الله ذكره وفهمه، واتعظ بمشيئته وتفهيمه، والهاء في "ذكره" راجعة إلى القرآن والتنزيل والوعظ.

فِي صُحُفٍ مُّكَرَّمَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
[written] on honoured
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ثم أخبر عن جلالته عنده فقال: "في صحف مكرمة"، يعني اللوح المحفوظ. وقيل: كتب الأنبياء عليهم السلام، دليله قوله تعالى: " إن هذا لفي الصحف الأولى * صحف إبراهيم وموسى " (الأعلى- 18، 19).

مَّرْفُوعَةٍ مُّطَهَّرَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
exalted, pure pages
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"مرفوعة"، رفيعة القدر عند الله عز وجل، وقيل: مرفوعة يعني في السماء السابعة. "مطهرة"، لا يمسها إلا المطهرون، وهم الملائكة.

بِأَيْدِي سَفَرَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
by the hands o
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"بأيدي سفرة"، قال ابن عباس ومجاهد: كتبة، وهم الملائكة الكرام الكاتبون، واحدهم سافر، يقال: سفرت أي كتبت. ومنه قيل للكاتب: سافر، وللكتاب: سفر، وجمعه: أسفار. وقال الآخرون: هم الرسل من الملائكة واحدهم سفير، وهو الرسول، وسفير القوم الذي يسعى بينهم للصلح، وسفرت بين القوم إذا أصلحت بينهم.

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كِرَامٍ بَرَرَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
noble and virtuous scribes
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ثم أثنى عليهم فقال: "كرام بررة"، أي: كرام على الله، بررة مطيعين، جمع بار.

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قُتِلَ الْإِنسَانُ مَا أَكْفَرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
Woe to man! How ungrateful he is
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

قوله - عز وجل - : ( قتل الإنسان ) أي لعن الكافر . قال مقاتل : نزلت في عتبة بن أبي لهب ( ما أكفره ) ما أشد كفره بالله مع كثرة إحسانه إليه وأياديه عنده ، على طريق التعجب ، قال الزجاج : معناه : اعجبوا أنتم من كفره . وقال الكلبي ومقاتل : هو " ما " الاستفهام ، يعني : أي شيء حمله على الكفر ؟

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مِنْ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقَهُ
Abdel Haleem
From what thing does God create him
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ثم بين من أمره ما كان ينبغي معه أن يعلم أن الله خالقه فقال: "من أي شيء خلقه"، لفظه استفهام ومعناه التقرير.

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مِن نُّطْفَةٍ خَلَقَهُ فَقَدَّرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
He creates him from a droplet, He proportions him
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ثم فسره فقال: "من نطفة خلقه فقدره"، أطواراً: نطفة ثم علقة إلى آخر خلقه، قال الكلبي: قدر خلقه، رأسه وعينيه ويديه ورجليه.

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ثُمَّ السَّبِيلَ يَسَّرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
He makes the way easy for him
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ثم السبيل يسره"، أي طريق خروجه من بطن أمه. قال السدي ومقاتل، والحسن ومجاهد: يعني طريق الحق والباطل، سهل له العلم به، كما قال: "إنا هديناه السبيل" (الإنسان- 3) "وهديناه النجدين" (البلد-10)، وقيل: يسر على كل أحد ما خلقه له وقدره عليه.

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ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُ فَأَقْبَرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
then He causes him to die and be buried
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( ثم أماته فأقبره ) جعل له قبرا يوارى فيه . قال الفراء : جعله مقبورا ولم يجعله ممن يلقى كالسباع والطيور . يقال : قبرت الميت إذا دفنته ، وأقبره الله : أي صيره بحيث يقبر ، وجعله ذا قبر ، كما يقال : طردت فلانا والله أطرده أي صيره طريدا .

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ثُمَّ إِذَا شَاءَ أَنشَرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
When He wills, He will raise him up again
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ثم إذا شاء أنشره"، أحياه بعد موته.

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كَلَّا لَمَّا يَقْضِ مَا أَمَرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
Yet mandoes not fulfil God’s commands
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"كلا"، رداً عليه، أي: ليس كما يقول ويظن هذا الكافر، وقال الحسن: حقاً. "لما يقض ما أمره"، أي لم يفعل ما أمره الله به ولم يؤد ما فرض عليه.

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فَلْيَنظُرِ الْإِنسَانُ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِهِ
Abdel Haleem
Let man consider the food he eats
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ولما ذكر خلق ابن آدم ذكر رزقه ليعتبر فقال: "فلينظر الإنسان إلى طعامه"، كيف قدره ربه ودبره له وجعله سبباً لحياته. وقال مجاهد: إلى مدخله ومخرجه.

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أَنَّا صَبَبْنَا الْمَاءَ صَبًّا
Abdel Haleem
We pour down abundant wate
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ثم بين فقال: "أنا" قرأ أهل الكوفة: "أنا" بالفتح على تكرير الخافض، مجازه: فلينظر إلى أنا وقرأ الآخرون بالكسر على الاستئناف. "صببنا الماء صباً"، يعني المطر.

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ثُمَّ شَقَقْنَا الْأَرْضَ شَقًّا
Abdel Haleem
and cause the soil to split open
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ثم شققنا الأرض شقاً"، بالنبات.

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فَأَنبَتْنَا فِيهَا حَبًّا
Abdel Haleem
We make grain grow
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فأنبتنا فيها حباً"، يعني الحبوب التي يتغذى بها.

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وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا
Abdel Haleem
and vines, fresh vegetation
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وعنباً وقضباً"، وهو القت الرطب، سمي بذلك لأنه يقضب في كل الأيام يقطع. وقال الحسن: القضب: العلف للدواب.

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وَزَيْتُونًا وَنَخْلًا
Abdel Haleem
olive trees, date palms
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وزيتوناً"، وهو ما يعصر منه الزيت، "ونخلاً"، جمع نخلة.

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وَحَدَائِقَ غُلْبًا
Abdel Haleem
luscious gardens
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وحدائق غلباً"، غلاظ الأشجار، واحدها أغلب، ومنه قيل لغليظ الرقبة: أغلب. وقال مجاهد ومقاتل: الغلب: الملتفة الشجر بعضه في بعض، قال ابن عباس: طوالاً.

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وَفَاكِهَةً وَأَبًّا
Abdel Haleem
fruits, and fodder
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( وفاكهة ) يريد ألوان الفواكه ( وأبا ) يعني الكلأ والمرعى الذي لم يزرعه الناس ، مما يأكله الأنعام والدواب .قال عكرمة : " الفاكهة " ما يأكله الناس ، و " الأب " ما يأكله الدواب . ومثله عن قتادة قال : الفاكهة لكم والأب لأنعامكم .وقال سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس قال : ما أنبتت [ الأرض ] مما يأكل الناس والأنعام .وروي عن إبراهيم التيمي أن أبا بكر سئل عن قوله : " وفاكهة وأبا " فقال : أي سماء تظلني وأي أرض تقلني إذا قلت في كتاب الله ما لا أعلم .وروى ابن شهاب عن أنس أنه سمع عمر بن الخطاب قرأ هذه الآية ثم قال : كل هذا قد عرفنا فما الأب ؟ ثم رفض عصا كانت بيده وقال : هذا [ والله ] لعمر الله التكلف ، وما عليك يا ابن [ أم ] عمر أن لا تدري ما الأب ، ثم قال : اتبعوا ما تبين لكم من هذا الكتاب ، وما لا [ تبين ] فدعوه .

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

مَّتَاعًا لَّكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَامِكُمْ
Abdel Haleem
all for you and your livestock to enjoy
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"متاعاً لكم"، منفعة لكم يعني الفاكهة، "ولأنعامكم"، يعني العشب.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ الصَّاخَّةُ
Abdel Haleem
When the Deafening Blast comes––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ثم ذكر القيامة فقال: "فإذا جاءت الصاخة"، يعني صيحة القيامة سميت بذلك لأنها تصخ الأسماع، أي تبالغ في الأسماع حتى تكاد تصمها.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

يَوْمَ يَفِرُّ الْمَرْءُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
the Day man will flee from his own brother
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"يوم يفر المرء من أخيه".

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَأُمِّهِ وَأَبِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
his mother, his father
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وأمه وأبيه".

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَصَاحِبَتِهِ وَبَنِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
his wife, his children
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وصاحبته وبنيه"لا يلتفت إلى واحد منهم لشغله بنفسه .حكي عن قتادة قال في هذه الآية يوم يفر المرء من أخيه وأمه وأبيه وصاحبته وبنيه قال : يفر هابيل من قابيل ، ويفر النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - من أمه ، وإبراهيم - عليه السلام - من أبيه ، ولوط - عليه السلام - من صاحبته ، ونوح - عليه السلام - من ابنه .

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مِّنْهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ شَأْنٌ يُغْنِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
each of them will be absorbed in concerns of their own on that Day
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( لكل امرئ منهم يومئذ شأن يغنيه ) يشغله عن شأن غيره .أخبرنا أحمد بن إبراهيم الشريحي ، أخبرنا أحمد بن محمد بن إبراهيم الثعلبي ، أخبرني الحسين بن محمد بن عبد الله ، حدثنا عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن ، حدثنا محمد بن عبد العزيز ، حدثنا ابن أبي أويس ، حدثنا أبي ، عن محمد بن أبي عياش ، عن عطاء بن يسار ، عن سودة زوج النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قالت : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " يبعث الناس حفاة عراة غرلا قد ألجمهم العرق وبلغ شحوم الآذان ، فقلت : يا رسول الله ، واسوأتاه ينظر بعضنا إلى بعض ؟ فقال : قد شغل الناس ، لكل امرئ منهم يومئذ شأن يغنيه " .

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُّسْفِرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
on that Day some faces will be beaming
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وجوه يومئذ مسفرة"، مشرقة مضيئة.

Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

ضَاحِكَةٌ مُّسْتَبْشِرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
laughing, and rejoicing
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ضاحكة"، بالسرور "مستبشرة"، فرحة بما نالت من كرامة الله عز وجل.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَوُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَيْهَا غَبَرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
but some faces will be dust-staine
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ووجوه يومئذ عليها غبرة"، سواد وكآبة الهم والحزن.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

تَرْهَقُهَا قَتَرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
and covered in darkness
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ترهقها قترة"، تعلوها وتغشاها ظلمة وكسوف. قال ابن عباس: تغشاها ذلة. قال ابن زيد: الفرق بين الغبرة والقترة: أن القترة ما ارتفع من الغبار فلحق بالسماء، والغبرة ما كان أسفل في الأرض.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ
Abdel Haleem
those are the disbelievers, the licentious
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"أولئك"، الذين يصنع بهم هذا، "هم الكفرة الفجرة"، جمع الكافر والفاجر.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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