Tafsir al-Baghawi (Ma'alim al-Tanzil) al-Ghashiyah الغَاشِيَة (The Overwhelming, The Overwhelming Calamity, The Pall) 26 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ
Abdel Haleem
Have you heard tell [Prophet] about the Overwhelming Event
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

مكية"هل أتاك حديث الغاشية"، يعني: قد أتاك حديث القيامة، تغشى كل شيء بالأهوال.

وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَاشِعَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
On that Day, there will be downcast faces
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وجوه يومئذ"، يعني: يوم القيامة، "خاشعة"، ذليلة.

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عَامِلَةٌ نَّاصِبَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
toiling and weary
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"عاملة ناصبة"، قال عطاء عن ابن عباس : يعني الذين عملوا ونصبوا في الدنيا على غير دين الإسلام من عبدة الأوثان وكفار أهل الكتاب ، مثل الرهبان وغيرهم ، لا يقبل الله منهم اجتهادا في ضلالة ، يدخلون النار يوم القيامة ، وهو قول سعيد بن جبير ، وزيد بن أسلم . ومعنى النصب : الدأب في العمل بالتعب .وقال عكرمة والسدي : عاملة في الدنيا بالمعاصي ، ناصبة في الآخرة في النار .وقال بعضهم : عاملة في النار ناصبة فيها . قال الحسن : لم تعمل لله في الدنيا ، فأعملها وأنصبها في النار بمعالجة السلاسل ، والأغلال . وبه قال قتادة ، وهي رواية العوفي عن ابن عباس .قال ابن مسعود : تخوض في النار كما تخوض الإبل في الوحل .وقال الكلبي : يجرون على وجوههم في النار .[ وقال الضحاك : يكلفون ارتقاء جبل من حديد في النار ] والكلام خرج على " الوجوه " والمراد منها أصحابها .

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تَصْلَىٰ نَارًا حَامِيَةً
Abdel Haleem
as they enter the blazing Fir
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( تصلى نارا ) قرأ أهل البصرة وأبو بكر : " تصلى " بضم التاء اعتبارا بقوله : " تسقى من عين آنية " [ وقرأ الآخرون بفتح التاء ( نارا حامية ) قال ابن عباس : قد حميت فهي تتلظى على أعداء الله .

تُسْقَىٰ مِنْ عَيْنٍ آنِيَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
and are forced to drink from a boiling spring
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( تسقى من عين آنية ) متناهية في الحرارة قد أوقدت عليها جهنم منذ خلقت ، فدفعوا إليها [ وردا ] عطاشا . قال المفسرون : لو وقعت منها قطرة على جبال الدنيا لذابت .

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لَّيْسَ لَهُمْ طَعَامٌ إِلَّا مِن ضَرِيعٍ
Abdel Haleem
with no food for them except bitter dry thorn
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

هذا شرابهم ثم ذكر طعامهم فقال : ( ليس لهم طعام إلا من ضريع ) قال مجاهد وعكرمة وقتادة : هو نبت ذو شوك لاطئ بالأرض ، تسميه قريش الشبرق فإذا هاج سموها الضريع ، وهو أخبث طعام وأبشعه . وهو رواية العوفي عن ابن عباس . قال الكلبي : لا تقربه دابة إذا يبس .قال ابن زيد : أما في الدنيا فإن " الضريع " الشوك اليابس الذي يبس له ورق ، وهو في الآخرة شوك من نار وجاء في الحديث عن ابن عباس : " الضريع : شيء في النار [ شبه ] الشوك أمر من الصبر‌ ، وأنتن من الجيفة ، وأشد حرا من النار " .وقال أبو الدرداء ، والحسن : إن الله تعالى يرسل على أهل النار الجوع حتى يعدل عندهم ما هم فيه من العذاب ، فيستغيثون فيغاثون بالضريع ، ثم يستغيثون فيغاثون بطعام ذي غصة ، فيذكرون أنهم كانوا يجيزون الغصص في الدنيا بالماء ، فيستسقون ، فيعطشهم ألف سنة ، ثم يسقون من عين آنية شربة لا هنيئة ولا مريئة ، فلما أدنوه من وجوههم ، سلخ جلود وجوههم وشواها ، فإذا وصل إلى بطونهم قطعها فذلك قوله عز جل : " وسقوا ماء حميما فقطع أمعاءهم " ( محمد - 15 ) .

لَّا يُسْمِنُ وَلَا يُغْنِي مِن جُوعٍ
Abdel Haleem
that neither nourish nor satisfy hunger
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

قال المفسرون : فلما نزلت هذه الآية قال المشركون : إن إبلنا لتسمن على الضريع ، وكذبوا في ذلك ، فإن الإبل إنما ترعاه ما دام رطبا ، وتسمى " شبرقا " فإذا يبس لا يأكله شيء . فأنزل الله : ( لا يسمن ولا يغني من جوع )

وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَّاعِمَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
On that Day there will also be faces radiant with bliss
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ثم وصف أهل الجنة فقال: "وجوه يومئذ ناعمة"، قال مقاتل: في نعمة وكرامة.

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لِّسَعْيِهَا رَاضِيَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
well pleased with their labour
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"لسعيها"، في الدنيا، "راضية"، في الآخرة حين أعطيت الجنة بعملها.

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فِي جَنَّةٍ عَالِيَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
in a lofty garden
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"في جنة عالية".

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لَّا تَسْمَعُ فِيهَا لَاغِيَةً
Abdel Haleem
where they will hear no idle talk
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"لا تسمع فيها لاغية"، لغو وباطل ، قرأ أهل مكة والبصرة : " لا يسمع " بالياء وضمها ، " لاغية " رفع . وقرأ نافع " لا تسمع " بالتاء وضمها ، " لاغية " رفع ، وقرأ الآخرون بالتاء وفتحها " لاغية " [ بالنصب ] على الخطاب للنبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - .

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فِيهَا عَيْنٌ جَارِيَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
with a flowing spring
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فيها عين جارية".

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فِيهَا سُرُرٌ مَّرْفُوعَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
raised couches
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فيها سرر مرفوعة"، قال ابن عباس : ألواحها من ذهب مكللة بالزبرجد والدر والياقوت ، مرتفعة ما لم يجيء أهلها ، فإذا أراد أن يجلس عليها تواضعت له حتى يجلس عليها ، ثم ترتفع إلى مواضعها .

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وَأَكْوَابٌ مَّوْضُوعَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
goblets placed before them
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وأكواب موضوعة"، عندهم، جمع كوب، وهو الإبريق الذي لا عروة له.

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وَنَمَارِقُ مَصْفُوفَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
cushions set in rows
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ونمارق"، وسائد ومرافق، "مصفوفة"، بعضها بجنب بعض، واحدتها نمرقة بضم النون.

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وَزَرَابِيُّ مَبْثُوثَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
and carpets spread
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وزرابي"، يعني البسط العريضة. قال ابن عباس: هي الطنافس التي لها خمل واحدتها زريبة، "مبثوثة"، مبسوطة، وقيل متفرقة في المجالس.

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أَفَلَا يَنظُرُونَ إِلَى الْإِبِلِ كَيْفَ خُلِقَتْ
Abdel Haleem
Do the disbelievers not see how rain clouds are formed
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( أفلا ينظرون إلى الإبل كيف خلقت ) قال أهل التفسير : لما نعت الله تعالى في هذه السورة ما في الجنة عجب من ذلك أهل الكفر وكذبوه ، فذكرهم الله تعالى صنعه فقال : ( أفلا ينظرون إلى الإبل ) [ من بين سائر الحيوانات ] ( كيف خلقت ) وكانت الإبل من عيش العرب لهم فيها منافع كثيرة ، فلما صنع لهم ذلك في الدنيا صنع لأهل الجنة فيها ما صنع .وتكلمت الحكماء في وجه تخصيص الإبل من بين سائر الحيوانات; فقال مقاتل : لأنهم لم يروا بهيمة قط أعظم منها ، ولم [ يشاهد ] الفيل إلا الشاذ منهم .وقال الكلبي : لأنها تنهض بحملها وهي باركة .وقال قتادة : ذكر الله تعالى ارتفاع سرر الجنة وفرشها ، فقالوا : كيف نصعدها فأنزل الله تعالى هذه الآية .وسئل الحسن عن هذه الآية ، وقيل له : الفيل أعظم في الأعجوبة ، فقال : أما الفيل فالعرب بعيدة العهد بها . ثم هو [ لا خير فيه ] لا يركب ظهرها ولا يؤكل لحمها ولا يحلب درها ، والإبل أعز مال للعرب وأنفسها تأكل النوى والقت وتخرج اللبن .وقيل : [ إنها ] مع عظمها تلين للحمل الثقيل وتنقاد للقائد الضعيف ، حتى إن الصبي الصغير يأخذ بزمامها فيذهب بها حيث شاء ، وكان شريح القاضي يقول : اخرجوا بنا إلى [ كناسة اصطبل ] حتى ننظر إلى الإبل كيف خلقت .

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وَإِلَى السَّمَاءِ كَيْفَ رُفِعَتْ
Abdel Haleem
how the heavens are lifted
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وإلى السماء كيف رفعت"، عن الأرض حتى لا ينالها شيء بغير عمد.

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وَإِلَى الْجِبَالِ كَيْفَ نُصِبَتْ
Abdel Haleem
how the mountains are raised high
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وإلى الجبال كيف نصبت"، على وجه الأرض مرساة لا تزول.

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وَإِلَى الْأَرْضِ كَيْفَ سُطِحَتْ
Abdel Haleem
how the earth is spread out
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وإلى الأرض كيف سطحت"، بسطت، قال عطاء عن ابن عباس: هل يقدر أحد أن يخلق مثل الإبل، أو يرفع مثل السماء، أو ينصب مثل الجبال، أو يسطح مثل الأرض غيري؟.

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فَذَكِّرْ إِنَّمَا أَنتَ مُذَكِّرٌ
Abdel Haleem
So [Prophet] warn them: your only task is to give warning
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فذكر" أي: عظ يا محمد "إنما أنت مذكر".

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لَّسْتَ عَلَيْهِم بِمُصَيْطِرٍ
Abdel Haleem
you are not there to control them
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"لست عليهم بمصيطر"، بمسلط فتقتلهم وتكرههم على الإيمان. نسختها آية القتال.

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إِلَّا مَن تَوَلَّىٰ وَكَفَرَ
Abdel Haleem
As for those who turn away and disbelieve
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"إلا من تولى وكفر"، استثناء منقطع عما قبله، معناه: لكن من تولى وكفر بعد التذكير.

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فَيُعَذِّبُهُ اللَّهُ الْعَذَابَ الْأَكْبَرَ
Abdel Haleem
God will inflict the greatest torment upon them
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فيعذبه الله العذاب الأكبر"، وهو أن يدخله النار وإنما قال "الأكبر" لأنهم عذبوا في الدنيا بالجوع والقحط والقتل والأسر.

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إِنَّ إِلَيْنَا إِيَابَهُمْ
Abdel Haleem
It is to Us they will return
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( إن إلينا إيابهم ) رجوعهم بعد الموت ، يقال آب يئوب أوبا وإيابا ، وقرأ أبوجعفر : " إيابهم " بتشديد الياء ، وهو شاذ لم يجزه أحد غير الزجاج فإنه قال يقال : أيب إيابا ، على : فعل فيعالا .

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا حِسَابَهُم
Abdel Haleem
and then it is for Us to call them to account
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ثم إن علينا حسابهم"، يعني جزاءهم بعد المرجع إلى الله عز وجل.

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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