Tafsir al-Baghawi (Ma'alim al-Tanzil) al-A`la الأَعْلَىٰ (The Most High, Glory to your Lord in the Highest) 19 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى
Abdel Haleem
[Prophet], glorify the name of your Lord the Most High
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

مكية( ( سبح اسم ربك الأعلى ) [ يعني ] قل سبحان ربي الأعلى . وإلى هذا ذهب جماعة من الصحابة والتابعين .أخبرنا أحمد بن إبراهيم الشريحي ، أخبرنا أحمد بن محمد بن إبراهيم الثعلبي ، أخبرنا عبد الله بن حامد ، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله ، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله ، حدثنا عبد الله بن عمر بن أبان ، حدثنا وكيع ، عن إسرائيل ، عن أبي إسحاق ، عن مسلم بن البطين ، عن سعيد بن جبير ، عن ابن عباس أن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قرأ " سبح اسم ربك الأعلى " فقال : " سبحان ربي الأعلى " .وقال قوم : معناه نزه ربك الأعلى عما يصفه به الملحدون ، وجعلوا الاسم صلة . ويحتج بهذا من يجعل الاسم والمسمى واحدا ، لأن أحدا لا يقول : سبحان اسم الله ، وسبحان اسم ربنا ، إنما يقول : سبحان الله وسبحان ربنا ، فكان معنى سبح اسم ربك الأعلى : سبح ربك .وقال آخرون : نزه تسمية ربك ، بأن تذكره وأنت له معظم ، ولذكره محترم [ ولأوامره مطاوع ] وجعلوا الاسم بمعنى التسمية .وقال ابن عباس : سبح [ اسم ربك الأعلى ] أي : صل بأمر ربك الأعلى .

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الَّذِي خَلَقَ فَسَوَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who created [all things] in due proportion
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"الذي خلق فسوى"، قال الكلبي: خلق كل ذي روح، فسوى اليدين والرجلين والعينين. وقال الزجاج: خلق الإنسان مستوياً، ومعنى سوى: عدل قامته.

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وَالَّذِي قَدَّرَ فَهَدَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who determined their destinies and guided them
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( والذي قدر فهدى ) قرأ الكسائي : " قدر " بتخفيف الدال ، وشددها الآخرون ، وهما بمعنى واحد .وقال مجاهد : هدى الإنسان لسبيل الخير والشر ، والسعادة والشقاوة ، وهدى الأنعام لمراتعها .وقال مقاتل والكلبي : قدر لكل شيء مسلكه ، " فهدى " عرفها كيف يأتي الذكر الأنثى .وقيل : قدر الأرزاق وهدى لاكتساب الأرزاق والمعاش .وقيل : خلق المنافع في الأشياء ، وهدى الإنسان لوجه استخراجها منها .وقال السدي : قدر مدة الجنين في الرحم ثم هداه للخروج من الرحم .قال الواسطي : قدر السعادة والشقاوة عليهم ، ثم يسر لكل واحد من الطائفتين سلوك [ سبيل ] ما قدر عليه .

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وَالَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الْمَرْعَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who brought out the green pastur
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( والذي أخرج المرعى ) أنبت العشب وما ترعاه [ النعم ] من بين أخضر وأصفر وأحمر وأبيض .

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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فَجَعَلَهُ غُثَاءً أَحْوَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
then made it dark debris
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( فجعله ) بعد الخضرة ( غثاء ) هشيما باليا ، كالغثاء الذي تراه فوق السيل . ( أحوى ) أسود بعد الخضرة ، وذلك أن الكلأ إذا جف ويبس اسود .

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سَنُقْرِئُكَ فَلَا تَنسَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
[Prophet], We shall teach you [the Quran] and you will not forget––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"سنقرئك" سنعلمك بقراءة جبريل عليك، "فلا تنسى".

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

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إِلَّا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ إِنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْجَهْرَ وَمَا يَخْفَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
unless God wishes; He knows both what is open and what is hidden––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"إلا ما شاء الله" أن تنساه ، وما نسخ الله تلاوته من القرآن ، كما قال : " ما ننسخ من آية أو ننسها " ( البقرة - 106 ) والإنساء نوع من النسخ .وقال مجاهد ، والكلبي : كان النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - إذا نزل عليه جبريل - عليه السلام - ، لم يفرغ من آخر الآية حتى يتكلم رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بأولها ، مخافة أن ينساها ، فأنزل الله تعالى : " سنقرئك فلا تنسى " [ فلم ينس بعد ] ذلك شيئا . ( إنه يعلم الجهر ) من القول والفعل ( وما يخفى ) منهما ، والمعنى : أنه يعلم السر والعلانية .

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وَنُيَسِّرُكَ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
We shall show you the easy way
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( ونيسرك لليسرى ) قال مقاتل : نهون عليك عمل أهل الجنة - وهو معنى قول ابن عباس - ونيسرك لأن تعمل خيرا . و " اليسرى " عمل الخير .وقيل : نوفقك للشريعة اليسرى وهي الحنيفية السمحة .وقيل : هو متصل بالكلام الأول معناه : إنه يعلم الجهر مما تقرؤه على جبريل إذا فرغ من التلاوة ، " وما يخفى " ما تقرأ في نفسك مخافة النسيان ، ثم وعده فقال : ( ونيسرك لليسرى ) أي نهون عليك الوحي حتى تحفظه وتعلمه .

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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فَذَكِّرْ إِن نَّفَعَتِ الذِّكْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
So remind, if reminding will help
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فذكر"، عظ بالقرآن، " إن نفعت الذكرى"، الموعظة والتذكير. والمعنى: نفعت أو لم تنفع، وإنما لم يذكر الحالة الثانية، كقوله: "سرابيل تقيكم الحر"، وأراد: الحر والبرد جميعاً.

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سَيَذَّكَّرُ مَن يَخْشَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Those who stand in awe of God will heed the reminder
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"سيذكر"، سيتعظ، "من يخشى"، الله عز وجل.

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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وَيَتَجَنَّبُهَا الْأَشْقَى
Abdel Haleem
but it will be ignored by the most wicked
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ويتجنبها"، أي يتجنب الذكرى ويتباعد عنها، "الأشقى"، الشقي في علم الله.

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الَّذِي يَصْلَى النَّارَ الْكُبْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who will enter the Great Fire
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"الذي يصلى النار الكبرى"، العظيمة والفظيعة، لأنها أعظم وأشد حراً من نار الدنيا.

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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ثُمَّ لَا يَمُوتُ فِيهَا وَلَا يَحْيَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
where they will neither die nor live
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ثم لا يموت فيها"، فيستريح، " ولا يحيا "، حياة تنفعه.

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن تَزَكَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Prosperous are those who purify themselves
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( قد أفلح من تزكى ) تطهر من الشرك وقال : لا إله إلا الله . هذا قول عطاء وعكرمة ، ورواية الوالبي وسعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس وقال الحسن : من كان عمله زاكيا .وقال آخرون : هو صدقة الفطر ، روي عن أبي سعيد الخدري في قوله : " قد أفلح من تزكى " قال : أعطى صدقة الفطر .

Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

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وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
remember the name of their Lord, and pray
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( وذكر اسم ربه فصلى ) قال خرج إلى العيد فصلى ، فكان ابن مسعود يقول : رحم الله امرءا تصدق ثم صلى ، ثم يقرأ هذه الآية . وروى نافع : كان ابن عمر إذا صلى الغداة - يعني من يوم العيد - قال : يا نافع أخرجت الصدقة ؟ فإن قلت : نعم ، مضى إلى المصلى ، وإن قلت : لا قال : فالآن فأخرج ، فإنما نزلت هذه الآية في هذا قد أفلح من تزكى وذكر اسم ربه فصلى وهو قول أبي العالية وابن سيرين .وقال بعضهم : لا أدري ما وجه هذا التأويل ؟ لأن هذه السورة مكية ، ولم يكن بمكة عيد ولا زكاة فطر .[ قال الشيخ الإمام محيي السنة رحمه الله ] يجوز أن يكون النزول سابقا على الحكم كما قال : " وأنت حل بهذا البلد " فالسورة مكية ، وظهر أثر الحل يوم الفتح حتى قال عليه الصلاة والسلام : " أحلت لي ساعة من نهار " وكذلك نزل بمكة : " سيهزم الجمع ويولون الدبر " ( القمر - 45 ) قال عمر بن الخطاب : كنت لا أدري أي جمع يهزم ، فلما كان يوم بدر رأيت النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يثب ، في الدرع ويقول : سيهزم الجمع ويولون الدبر "وذكر اسم ربه فصلى " أي : وذكر ربه فصلى ، قيل : الذكر : تكبيرات العيد ، والصلاة : صلاة العيد ، وقيل : الصلاة هاهنا الدعاء .

Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

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بَلْ تُؤْثِرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا
Abdel Haleem
Yet you [people] prefer the life of this world
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( بل تؤثرون ) قرأ أبوعمرو ، ويعقوب : [ يؤثرون ] بالياء ، يعني : الأشقين الذين ذكروا ، وقرأ الآخرون بالتاء ، دليله : قراءة أبي بن كعب " بل أنتم تؤثرون الحياة الدنيا " [ والمراد ب " الأشقى " الجمع ، وإن كان على لفظ الواحد ، لأن الشيء إذا دخله الألف واللام للجنس صار مستغرقا ، فكأنه قال : ويتجنبه الأشقون ، ثم قال : " بل تؤثرون الحياة الدنيا "

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وَالْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
even though the Hereafter is better and more lasting
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( والآخرة خير وأبقى ) قال عرفجة الأشجعي : كنا عند ابن مسعود فقرأ هذه الآية ، فقال لنا : أتدرون لم آثرنا الحياة الدنيا على الآخرة ؟ قلنا : لا قال : لأن الدنيا أحضرت ، وعجل لنا طعامها وشرابها ونساؤها ولذاتها وبهجتها ، وأن الآخرة نعتت لنا ، وزويت عنا فأحببنا العاجل وتركنا الآجل .

Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

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إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَفِي الصُّحُفِ الْأُولَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
All this is in the earlier scriptures
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( إن هذا ) يعني ما ذكر من قوله : " قد أفلح من تزكى " [ إلى تمام ] أربع آيات ، ( لفي الصحف الأولى ) أي في الكتب الأولى التي أنزلت قبل القرآن ، ذكر فيها فلاح المتزكي والمصلي ، وإيثار الخلق الحياة الدنيا على الآخرة ، وأن الآخرة خير وأبقى .

Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

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صُحُفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
the scriptures of Abraham and Moses
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ثم بين الصحف فقال : ( صحف إبراهيم وموسى ) قال عكرمة والسدي : هذه السورة في صحف إبراهيم وموسى .أخبرنا الإمام أبوعلي الحسين بن محمد القاضي أخبرنا أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن الحيري أخبرنا محمد بن أحمد بن معقل الميداني ، حدثنا محمد بن يحيى [ بن أيوب حدثنا سعيد بن كثير حدثنا ] يحيى بن أيوب عن يحيى بن سعيد عن عمرة بنت عبد الرحمن عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت : كان النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يقرأ في الركعتين اللتين يوتر بعدهما ب " سبح اسم ربك الأعلى " و " قل يا أيها الكافرون " وفي الوتر ب " قل هو الله أحد " و " قل أعوذ برب الفلق " و " قل أعوذ برب الناس " .

Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (7) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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