Tafsir al-Baghawi (Ma'alim al-Tanzil) al-Inshiqaq الإِنْشِقَاق (The Sundering, Splitting Open) 25 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انشَقَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
When the sky is ripped apart
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

مكية"إذا السماء انشقت"، انشقاقها من علامات القيامة.

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وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
obeying its Lord as it rightly must
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وأذنت لربها"، أي سمعت أمر ربها بالانشقاق وأطاعته، من الأذن وهو الاستماع، "وحقت"، أي وحق لها أن تطيع ربها.

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وَإِذَا الْأَرْضُ مُدَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
when the earth is levelled out
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وإذا الأرض مدت"، مد الأديم العكاظي، وزيد في سعتها. وقال مقاتل: سويت كمد الأديم، فلا يبقى فيها بناء ولا جبل.

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وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا وَتَخَلَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
casts out its contents, and becomes empty
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وألقت"، أخرجت، "ما فيها"، من الموتى والكنوز، "وتخلت"، خلت منها.

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وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
obeying its Lord as it rightly must
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( وأذنت لربها وحقت ) واختلفوا في جواب " إذا " قيل : جوابه محذوف تقديره : إذا كانت هذه الأشياء يرى الإنسان الثواب والعقاب .وقيل جوابه : " يا أيها الإنسان إنك كادح " ومجازه : إذا السماء انشقت لقي كل كادح [ ما ] عمله .وقيل : جوابه : " وأذنت " وحينئذ تكون " الواو " زائدة .

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يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنسَانُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا فَمُلَاقِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
you humans, toiling laboriously towards your Lord, will meet Him
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ومعنى قوله : ( كادح إلى ربك كدحا ) أي ساع إليه في عملك ، والكدح : عمل الإنسان وجهده في الأمر من الخير والشر حتى يكدح ذلك فيه ، أي يؤثر . وقال قتادة والكلبي والضحاك : عامل لربك عملا ( فملاقيه ) أي ملاقي جزاء عملك خيرا كان أو شرا .

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فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ
Abdel Haleem
whoever is given his record in his right han
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فأما من أوتي كتابه"، ديوان أعماله، "بيمينه".

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فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا
Abdel Haleem
will have an easy reckonin
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فسوف يحاسب حساباً يسيراً"أخبرنا عبد الواحد المليحي ، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله النعيمي ، أخبرنا محمد بن يوسف ، حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل ، حدثنا سعيد بن أبي مريم ، أخبرنا نافع ، عن ابن عمر ، حدثني ابن أبي مليكة أن عائشة زوج النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - كانت لا تسمع شيئا لا تعرفه إلا راجعت فيه حتى تعرفه ، قالت : قال النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " من حوسب عذب " قالت عائشة رضي الله عنها فقلت : يا رسول الله أوليس يقول الله - عز وجل - : " فسوف يحاسب حسابا يسيرا " ؟ قالت : فقال : " إنما ذلك العرض ، ولكن من نوقش [ في الحساب هلك ] .

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وَيَنقَلِبُ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا
Abdel Haleem
and return to his people well pleased
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وينقلب إلى أهله"، يعني في الجنة من الحور العين والآدميات، "مسروراً"، بما أوتي من الخير والكرامة.

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وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ
Abdel Haleem
but whoever is given his record from behind his bac
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( وأما من أوتي كتابه وراء ظهره ) فتغل يده اليمنى إلى عنقه وتجعل يده الشمال وراء ظهره ، فيؤتى كتابه بشماله من وراء ظهره . وقال مجاهد : تخلع يده اليسرى من وراء ظهره .

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فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُورًا
Abdel Haleem
will cry out for destruction––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فسوف يدعو ثبوراً"، ينادي بالويل والهلاك إذا قرأ كتابه يقول: يا ويلاه يا ثبوراه، كقوله تعالى: "دعوا هنالك ثبوراً" (الفرقان- 13).

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وَيَصْلَىٰ سَعِيرًا
Abdel Haleem
he will burn in the blazing Fire
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( ويصلى سعيرا ) قرأ أبو جعفر ، وأهل البصرة ، وعاصم ، وحمزة : و " يصلى " بفتح الياء خفيفا كقوله : " يصلى النار الكبرى " ( الأعلى - 12 ) وقرأ الآخرون بضم الياء [ وفتح الصاد ] وتشديد اللام كقوله : " وتصلية جحيم " ( الواقعة - 94 ) " ثم الجحيم صلوه " ( الحاقة - 31 ) .

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إِنَّهُ كَانَ فِي أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا
Abdel Haleem
He used to live among his people well pleased
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"إنه كان في أهله مسروراً"، يعني في الدنيا، باتباع هواه وركوب شهوته.

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إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَن لَّن يَحُورَ
Abdel Haleem
He thought he would never return [to his Lord]––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"إنه ظن أن لن يحور"، أن لن يرجع إلينا ولن يبعث.

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بَلَىٰ إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ بَصِيرًا
Abdel Haleem
indeed he will! His Lord was watching him
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

ثم قال: "بلى"، أي: ليس كما ظن، بل يحور إلينا ويبعث، " إن ربه كان به بصيرا "، من يوم خلقه إلى أن بعثه.

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فَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالشَّفَقِ
Abdel Haleem
I swear by the glow of sunset
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

قوله - عز وجل - : ( فلا أقسم بالشفق ) قال مجاهد : هو النهار كله . وقال عكرمة : ما بقي من النهار . وقال ابن عباس وأكثر المفسرين : هو الحمرة التي تبقى في الأفق بعد غروب الشمس . وقال قوم : هو البياض الذي يعقب تلك الحمرة .

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وَاللَّيْلِ وَمَا وَسَقَ
Abdel Haleem
by the night and what it covers
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( والليل وما وسق ) أي جمع وضم ، يقال : وسقته أسقه وسقا ، أي : جمعته ، واستوسقت الإبل : إذا اجتمعت وانضمت . والمعنى : والليل وما جمع وضم ما كان بالنهار منتشرا من الدواب ، وذلك أن الليل إذا أقبل أوى كل شيء إلى مأواه . روى منصور عن مجاهد قال : ما لف وأظلم عليه . وقال مقاتل بن حيان : أقبل من ظلمة أو كوكب . وقال سعيد بن جبير . وما عمل فيه .

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وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا اتَّسَقَ
Abdel Haleem
by the full moon
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( والقمر إذا اتسق ) اجتمع واستوى وتم نوره وهو في الأيام البيض . وقال قتادة : استدار ، وهو افتعل من الوسق الذي هو الجمع .

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لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَن طَبَقٍ
Abdel Haleem
you will progress from stage to stage
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( لتركبن ) قرأ أهل مكة وحمزة والكسائي : " لتركبن " بفتح الباء يعني لتركبن يا محمد ( طبقا عن طبق ) قال الشعبي ومجاهد : سماء بعد سماء . قال الكلبي : يعني تصعد فيها . ويجوز أن يكون درجة بعد درجة ورتبة بعد رتبة في القرب من الله تعالى والرفعة .أخبرنا عبد الواحد المليحي ، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله النعيمي ، أخبرنا محمد بن يوسف ، حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل ، حدثنا سعيد بن النضر ، أخبرنا هشيم ، أخبرنا أبو بشر عن مجاهد قال قال ابن عباس : " لتركبن طبقا عن طبق " حالا بعد حال ، قال هذا نبيكم - صلى الله عليه وسلم - .وقيل : أراد به السماء تتغير لونا بعد لون ، فتصير تارة كالدهان وتارة كالمهل ، وتنشق بالغمام مرة وتطوى أخرى . وقرأ الآخرون بضم الباء ، لأن المعنى بالناس أشبه ، لأنه ذكر من قبل : " فأما من أوتي كتابه بيمينه " " وشماله " وذكر من بعد : " فما لهم لا يؤمنون " وأراد : لتركبن حالا بعد حال ، وأمرا بعد أمر في موقف القيامة ، يعني : الأحوال تنقلب بهم ، فيصيرون في الآخرة على غير الحال التي كانوا عليها في الدنيا . و " عن " بمعنى بعد .وقال مقاتل : يعني الموت ثم الحياة [ ثم الموت ثم الحياة ] .وقال عطاء : مرة فقيرا ومرة غنيا . وقال عمرو بن دينار عن ابن عباس : يعني الشدائد وأهوال الموت ، ثم البعث ثم العرض . وقال عكرمة : حالا بعد حال ، رضيع ثم فطيم ثم غلام ثم شاب ثم شيخ . وقال أبو عبيدة : لتركبن سنن من كان قبلكم وأحوالهم .أخبرنا عبد الواحد المليحي ، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله النعيمي ، أخبرنا محمد بن يوسف ، حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل ، حدثنا محمد بن عبد العزيز ، أخبرنا أبو عمرو الصنعاني من اليمن عن زيد بن أسلم عن عطاء بن يسار عن أبي سعيد الخدري عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " لتتبعن سنن من [ كان ] قبلكم شبرا شبرا وذراعا ذراعا ، حتى لو دخلوا جحر ضب لتبعتموهم " قلنا : يا رسول الله آليهود والنصارى ؟ قال : فمن ؟ .

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فَمَا لَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
Abdel Haleem
So why do they not believe
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

قوله عز وجل: "فما لهم لا يؤمنون"؟ استفهام إنكار.

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وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقُرْآنُ لَا يَسْجُدُونَ
Abdel Haleem
Why, when the Quran is read to them, do they not prostrate themselves [to God]
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( وإذا قرئ عليهم القرآن لا يسجدون ) قال الكلبي ومقاتل : لا يصلون .أخبرنا أبو عثمان سعيد بن إسماعيل الضبي ، أخبرنا أبو محمد عبد الجبار بن محمد الجراحي ، حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن أحمد المحبوبي ، حدثنا أبو عيسى الترمذي ، حدثنا قتيبة حدثنا سفيان بن عيينة عن أيوب بن موسى عن عطاء بن مينا عن أبي هريرة قال : سجدنا مع رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - في " اقرأ باسم ربك " " وإذا السماء انشقت " .أخبرنا عبد الواحد المليحي ، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله النعيمي ، أخبرنا محمد بن يوسف ، حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل ، حدثنا مسدد ، أخبرنا معمر قال : سمعت أبي قال حدثني بكر ، عن أبي رافع قال : صليت مع أبي هريرة العتمة فقرأ إذا السماء انشقت ، فسجد فقلت : ما هذا ؟ قال : سجدت بها خلف أبي القاسم - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فلا أزال أسجد فيها حتى ألقاه .

Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُكَذِّبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
No! The disbelievers reject the Quran––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"بل الذين كفروا يكذبون"، بالقرآن والبعث.

Connections 3 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُوعُونَ
Abdel Haleem
God knows best what they keep hidden inside––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"والله أعلم بما يوعون". في صدورهم من التكذيب. قال مجاهد: يكتمون.

Connections 3 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
so give them news of a painful torment
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فبشرهم بعذاب أليم".

Connections 3 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
Abdel Haleem
But those who believe and do good deeds will have a never-ending reward
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"إلا الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات لهم أجر غير ممنون"، غير مقطوع ولا منقوص.

Connections 2 multi-source 3 single-source 4 commentators
Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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