Tafsir al-Baghawi (Ma'alim al-Tanzil) al-Layl اللَّيْل (The Night) 21 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
By the enshrouding night
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

مكية"والليل إذا يغشى"، أي يغشى النهار بظلمة فيذهب بضوئه.

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وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
by the radiant day
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"والنهار إذا تجلى"، بان وظهر من بين الظلمة.

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وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنثَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
by His creation of male and female
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( وما خلق الذكر والأنثى ) يعني : ومن خلق ، قيل هي " ما " المصدرية أي : وخلق الذكر والأنثى ، قال مقاتل والكلبي : يعني آدم وحواء . وفي قراءة ابن مسعود ، وأبي الدرداء : والذكر والأنثى .

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إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
The ways you take differ greatly
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

جواب القسم قوله : ( إن سعيكم لشتى ) إن أعمالكم لمختلفة ، فساع في فكاك نفسه ، وساع في عطبها .روى أبو مالك الأشعري قال : قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " كل ، الناس يغدو فبائع نفسه فمعتقها أو موبقها " .

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فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَاتَّقَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
There is the one who gives, who is mindful of God
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فأما من أعطى"، ماله في سبيل الله، "واتقى"، ربه.

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وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who testifies to goodness––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( وصدق بالحسنى ) قال أبو عبد الرحمن السلمي والضحاك : وصدق بلا إله إلا‌ الله ، وهي رواية عطية عن ابن عباس .وقال مجاهد : بالجنة دليله : قوله تعالى " للذين أحسنوا الحسنى " يعني الجنة .وقيل : وصدق بالحسنى أي بالخلف ، أي أيقن أن الله تعالى سيخلفه . وهي رواية عكرمة عن ابن عباس .وقال قتادة ومقاتل والكلبي : بموعود الله - عز وجل - الذي وعده أن يثيبه .

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فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
We shall smooth his way towards ease
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فسنيسره"، فسنهيئه في الدنيا، "لليسرى"، أي للخلة اليسرى، وهي العمل بما يرضاه الله عز وجل.

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وَأَمَّا مَن بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
There is the one who is miserly, who is self-satisfied
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وأما من بخل"، بالنفقة في الخير، "واستغنى"، عن ثواب الله فلم يرغب فيه.

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وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who denies goodness––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وكذب بالحسنى".

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فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
We shall smooth his way towards hardshi
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فسنيسره للعسرى" سنهيئه للشر بأن نجريه على يديه حتى يعمل بما لا يرضي الله ، فيستوجب به النار . قال مقاتل : نعسر عليه أن يأتي خيرا .وروينا عن علي عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قال : " ما من نفس منفوسة إلا [ كتب الله ] مكانها من الجنة أو النار " فقال رجل : أفلا نتكل على كتابنا وندع العمل ؟ قال : " لا ولكن اعملوا فكل ميسر لما خلق له ، أما أهل الشقاء فييسرون لعمل أهل الشقاء ، وأما أهل السعادة فييسرون لعمل أهل السعادة " ، ثم تلا " فأما من أعطى واتقى وصدق بالحسنى فسنيسره لليسرى وأما من بخل واستغنى وكذب بالحسنى فسنيسره للعسرى " .قيل : نزلت في أبي بكر الصديق اشترى بلالا من أمية بن خلف ببردة وعشرة أواق ، فأعتقه فأنزل الله تعالى : " والليل إذا يغشى " إلى قوله : " إن سعيكم لشتى " يعني : سعي أبي بكر وأمية .وروى علي بن حجر عن إسحاق عن أبي نجيح عن عطاء ، قال : كان لرجل من الأنصار نخلة وكان له جار يسقط من بلحها في دار جاره ، وكان صبيانه يتناولون منه ، فشكا ذلك إلى النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فقال له النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - : " بعنيها بنخلة في الجنة " فأبى ، فخرج فلقيه أبو الدحداح ، فقال له : هل لك أن تبيعها بحش [ البستان ] ، يعني حائطا له ، فقال له : هي لك ، فأتى النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فقال : يا رسول الله أتشتريها مني بنخلة في الجنة ؟ قال : " نعم " قال : هي لك ، فدعا ‌النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - جار الأنصاري فقال : " خذها " . فأنزل الله تعالى : " والليل إذا يغشى " إلى قوله : " إن سعيكم لشتى " [ سعي أبي ] الدحداح والأنصاري صاحب النخلة .( فأما من أعطى واتقى ) [ يعني أبا ] الدحداح ، ( وصدق بالحسنى ) [ الثواب ] ( فسنيسره لليسرى ) يعني الجنة ، ( وأما من بخل واستغنى ) يعني الأنصاري ، ( وكذب بالحسنى ) يعني الثواب ، ( فسنيسره للعسرى ) يعني النار .

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وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
and his wealth will not help him as he falls
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وما يغني عنه ماله"، الذي بخل به، "إذا تردى"، قال مجاهد: إذا مات. وقال قتادة وأبو صالح: هوى في جهنم.

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إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Our part is to provide guidance––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( إن علينا للهدى ) يعني البيان . قال الزجاج : علينا أن نبين طريق الهدى من طريق الضلال ، وهو قول قتادة ، قال : على الله بيان حلاله وحرامه .قال الفراء : يعني من سلك الهدى فعلى الله سبيله كقوله تعالى : " وعلى الله قصد السبيل " ( النحل - 9 ) يقول : من أراد الله فهو على السبيل القاصد .وقيل معناه : إن علينا للهدى والإضلال كقوله : " بيدك الخير " ( آل عمران - 26 ) [ فاقتصر على الهدى لدلالة الكلام عليه كقوله : " سرابيل تقيكم الحر " ( النحل - 81 ) فاقتصر على ذكر الحر ولم يذكر البرد لأنه يدل عليه ] .

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وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَالْأُولَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
this world and the next belong to Us––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وإن لنا للآخرة والأولى"، فمن طلبهما من غير مالكهما فقد أخطأ الطريق.

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فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
so I warn you about the raging Fire
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"فأنذرتكم": يا أهل مكة، "ناراً تلظى"، أي: تتلظى، يعني تتوقد وتتوهج.

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لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى
Abdel Haleem
in which none but the most wicked one will burn
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"لا يصلاها إلا الأشقى".

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الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who denied [the truth], and turned away
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"الذي كذب" الرسول، "وتولى"، عن الإيمان.

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وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى
Abdel Haleem
The most pious one will be spared this––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"وسيجنبها الأتقى"، يريد بالأشقى الشقي، وبالأتقى التقي.

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الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who gives his wealth away as self-purification
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

( الذي يؤتي ماله ) يعطي ماله ( يتزكى ) يطلب أن يكون عند الله زاكيا لا رياء ولا سمعة ، يعني أبا بكر الصديق ، في قول الجميع .قال ابن الزبير : كان أبو بكر يبتاع الضعفة فيعتقهم ، فقال أبوه : أي بني لو كنت تبتاع من يمنع ظهرك ؟ قال : منع ظهري أريد ، فنزل : " وسيجنبها الأتقى " ، إلى آخر السورة .وذكر محمد بن إسحاق قال : كان بلال لبعض بني جمح وهو بلال بن رباح واسم أمه حمامة ، وكان صادق الإسلام طاهر القلب ، وكان أمية بن خلف يخرجه إذا حميت الظهيرة فيطرحه على ظهره ببطحاء مكة ، ثم يأمر بالصخرة العظيمة فتوضع على صدره ، ثم يقول له : لا تزال هكذا حتى تموت ، أو تكفر بمحمد ، فيقول وهو في ذلك البلاء : أحد أحد .وقال محمد بن إسحاق عن هشام بن عروة عن أبيه قال : مر به أبو بكر يوما وهم يصنعون به ذلك ، وكانت دار أبي بكر في بني جمح ، فقال لأمية ألا تتقي الله تعالى في هذا المسكين ؟ قال : أنت أفسدته فأنقذه مما ترى ، قال أبو بكر : أفعل! عندي غلام أسود أجلد منه وأقوى ، على دينك ، أعطيك ؟ قال : قد فعلت فأعطاه أبو بكر غلامه وأخذه فأعتقه ، ثم أعتق معه على الإسلام قبل أن يهاجر ست [ رقاب ] ، بلال سابعهم ، عامر بن فهيرة شهد بدرا وأحدا ، وقتل يوم بئر معونة شهيدا ، وأم عميس ، وزنيرة فأصيب بصرها حين أعتقها ، فقالت قريش : ما أذهب بصرها إلا اللات والعزى [ فقالت : كذبوا وبيت الله ما تضر اللات والعزى ] ، وما تنفعان فرد الله إليها بصرها ، وأعتق النهدية وابنتها ، وكانتا لامرأة من بني عبد الدار فمر بهما وقد بعثتهما سيدتهما تحطبان لها وهي تقول والله لا أعتقكما أبدا . فقال أبو بكر : خلا يا أم فلان ، فقالت : خلا أنت أفسدتهما فأعتقهما ، قال [ أبو بكر - رضي الله عنه - ] فبكم ؟ قالت : بكذا وكذا ، قال : قد أخذتهما وهما حرتان ، ومر بجارية بني المؤمل وهي تعذب فابتاعها فأعتقها .وقال سعيد بن المسيب : بلغني أن أمية بن خلف قال لأبي بكر في بلال حين قال : أتبيعه ؟ قال : نعم أبيعه بنسطاس عبد لأبي بكر ، صاحب عشرة آلاف دينار ، وغلمان وجوار ومواش ، وكان مشركا حمله أبو بكر على الإسلام على أن يكون ماله له ، فأبى فأبغضه أبو بكر ، فلما قال له أمية أبيعه بغلامك نسطاس اغتنمه وباعه منه ، فقال المشركون : ما فعل ذلك أبو بكر ببلال إلا ليد كانت لبلال عنده فأنزل الله :

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وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِندَهُ مِن نِّعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
not to return a favour to anyon
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

فأنزل الله: "وما لأحد عنده من نعمة تجزى"، أي يحازيه ويكافئه عليها.

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By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
but for the sake of his Lord the Most High––
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"إلا"، لكن "ابتغاء وجه ربه الأعلى"، يعني: لا يفعل ذلك مجازاة لأحد بيد له عنده، ولكنه يفعله وجه ربه الأعلى وطلب رضاه.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
and he will be well pleased
Al-Husayn ibn Mas'ud al-Baghawi

"ولسوف يرضى"، بما يعطيه الله عز وجل في الآخرة من الجنة والكرامة جزاء على ما فعل.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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