Tafseer Al Saddi al-Balad البَلَد (The City, This Countryside) 20 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
لَا أُقْسِمُ بِهَٰذَا الْبَلَدِ
Abdel Haleem
I swear by this city––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

يقسم تعالى { بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ } الأمين، الذي هو مكة المكرمة، أفضل البلدان على الإطلاق، خصوصًا وقت حلول الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم فيها.

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وَأَنتَ حِلٌّ بِهَٰذَا الْبَلَدِ
Abdel Haleem
and you [Prophet] are an inhabitant of this city––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

يقسم تعالى { بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ } الأمين، الذي هو مكة المكرمة، أفضل البلدان على الإطلاق، خصوصًا وقت حلول الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم فيها.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ
Abdel Haleem
[I swear] by parent and offspring
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ } أي: آدم وذريته.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ
Abdel Haleem
that We have created man for toil and trial
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

والمقسم عليه قوله: { لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ } يحتمل أن المراد بذلك ما يكابده ويقاسيه من الشدائد في الدنيا، وفي البرزخ، ويوم يقوم الأشهاد، وأنه ينبغي له أن يسعى في عمل يريحه من هذه الشدائد، ويوجب له الفرح والسرور الدائم.وإن لم يفعل، فإنه لا يزال يكابد العذاب الشديد أبد الآباد.ويحتمل أن المعنى: لقد خلقنا الإنسان في أحسن تقويم، وأقوم خلقة، مقدر على التصرف والأعمال الشديدة، ومع ذلك، [فإنه] لم يشكر الله على هذه النعمة [العظيمة]، بل بطر بالعافية وتجبر على خالقه، فحسب بجهله وظلمه أن هذه الحال ستدوم له، وأن سلطان تصرفه لا ينعزل،

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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أَيَحْسَبُ أَن لَّن يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ
Abdel Haleem
Does he think that no one will have power over him
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَنْ يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ } ويطغى ويفتخر بما أنفق من الأموال على شهوات نفسه.

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يَقُولُ أَهْلَكْتُ مَالًا لُّبَدًا
Abdel Haleem
‘I have squandered great wealth,’ he says
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

فـ { يَقُولُ أَهْلَكْتُ مَالًا لُبَدًا } أي: كثيًرا، بعضه فوق بعض.وسمى الله تعالى الإنفاق في الشهوات والمعاصي إهلاكًا، لأنه لا ينتفع المنفق بما أنفق، ولا يعود عليه من إنفاقه إلا الندم والخسار والتعب والقلة، لا كمن أنفق في مرضاة الله في سبيل الخير، فإن هذا قد تاجر مع الله، وربح أضعاف أضعاف ما أنفق.

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

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أَيَحْسَبُ أَن لَّمْ يَرَهُ أَحَدٌ
Abdel Haleem
Does he think no one observes him
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

قال الله متوعدًا هذا الذي يفتخر بما أنفق في الشهوات: { أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَمْ يَرَهُ أَحَدٌ } أي: أيحسب في فعله هذا، أن الله لا يراه ويحاسبه على الصغير والكبير؟بل قد رآه الله، وحفظ عليه أعماله، ووكل به الكرام الكاتبين، لكل ما عمله من خير وشر.

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

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أَلَمْ نَجْعَل لَّهُ عَيْنَيْنِ
Abdel Haleem
Did We not give him eyes
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

ثم قرره بنعمه، فقال: { أَلَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَهُ عَيْنَيْنِ وَلِسَانًا وَشَفَتَيْنِ } للجمال والبصر والنطق، وغير ذلك من المنافع الضرورية فيها، فهذه نعم الدنيا.

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

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وَلِسَانًا وَشَفَتَيْنِ
Abdel Haleem
a tongue, lips
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

ثم قرره بنعمه، فقال: { أَلَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَهُ عَيْنَيْنِ وَلِسَانًا وَشَفَتَيْنِ } للجمال والبصر والنطق، وغير ذلك من المنافع الضرورية فيها، فهذه نعم الدنيا.

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

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وَهَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ
Abdel Haleem
and point out to him the two clear ways [of good and evil]
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

ثم قال في نعم الدين: { وَهَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْن } أي: طريقي الخير والشر، بينا له الهدى من الضلال، والرشد من الغي.فهذه المنن الجزيلة، تقتضي من العبد أن يقوم بحقوق الله، ويشكر الله على نعمه، وأن لا يستعين بها على معاصيه ، ولكن هذا الإنسان لم يفعل ذلك.

Connections 1 multi-source 3 single-source 3 commentators

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فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ
Abdel Haleem
Yet he has not attempted the steep path
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ } أي: لم يقتحمها ويعبر عليها، لأنه متبع لشهواته .

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ
Abdel Haleem
What will explain to you what the steep path is
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ } أي: لم يقتحمها ويعبر عليها، لأنه متبع لشهواته .

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
It is to free a slave
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

وهذه العقبة شديدة عليه، ثم فسر [هذه] العقبة { فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ } أي: فكها من الرق، بعتقها أو مساعدتها على أداء كتابتها، ومن باب أولى فكاك الأسير المسلم عند الكفار.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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أَوْ إِطْعَامٌ فِي يَوْمٍ ذِي مَسْغَبَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
to feed at a time of hunge
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ أَوْ إِطْعَامٌ فِي يَوْمٍ ذِي مَسْغَبَةٍ } أي: مجاعة شديدة، بأن يطعم وقت الحاجة أشد الناس حاجة.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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يَتِيمًا ذَا مَقْرَبَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
an orphaned relativ
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ يَتِيمًا ذَا مَقْرَبَةٍ } أي: جامعًا بين كونه يتيمًا، فقيرًا ذا قرابة.

Connections 3 single-source 2 commentators

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أَوْ مِسْكِينًا ذَا مَتْرَبَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
or a poor person in distress
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ أَوْ مِسْكِينًا ذَا مَتْرَبَةٍ } أي: قد لزق بالتراب من الحاجة والضرورة.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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ثُمَّ كَانَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْمَرْحَمَةِ
Abdel Haleem
and to be one of those who believe and urge one another to steadfastness and compassion
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ ثُمَّ كَانَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا } أي: آمنوا بقلوبهم بما يجب الإيمان به، وعملوا الصالحات بجوارحهم. من كل قول وفعل واجب أو مستحب. { وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ } على طاعة الله وعن معصيته، وعلى أقدار المؤلمة بأن يحث بعضهم بعضًا على الانقياد لذلك، والإتيان به كاملًا منشرحًا به الصدر، مطمئنة به النفس.{ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْمَرْحَمَةِ } للخلق، من إعطاء محتاجهم، وتعليم جاهلهم، والقيام بما يحتاجون إليه من جميع الوجوه، ومساعدتهم على المصالح الدينية والدنيوية، وأن يحب لهم ما يحب لنفسه، ويكره لهم ما يكره لنفسه.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ
Abdel Haleem
Those who do this will be on the right-hand side
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

أولئك الذين قاموا بهذه الأوصاف، الذين وفقهم الله لاقتحام هذه العقبة { أُولَئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ } لأنهم أدوا ما أمر الله به من حقوقه وحقوق عباده، وتركوا ما نهوا عنه، وهذا عنوان السعادة وعلامتها.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِنَا هُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ
Abdel Haleem
but those who disbelieve in Our revelations will be on the left-hand side
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِنَا } بأن نبذوا هذه الأمور وراء ظهورهم، فلم يصدقوا بالله، [ولا آمنوا به]، ولا عملوا صالحًا، ولا رحموا عباد الله، { والذين كفروا بآياتنا همْ أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْئَمَة}

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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عَلَيْهِمْ نَارٌ مُّؤْصَدَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
and the Fire will close in on them
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

[عَلَيْهِمْ نَارٌ مُؤْصَدَةٌ } أي: مغلقة، في عمد ممددة، قد مدت من ورائها، لئلا تنفتح أبوابها، حتى يكونوا في ضيق وهم وشدة [والحمد لله].

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.