Tafseer Al Saddi al-Layl اللَّيْل (The Night) 21 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
By the enshrouding night
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

هذا قسم من الله بالزمان الذي تقع فيه أفعال العباد على تفاوت أحوالهم، فقال: { وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى } [أي: يعم] الخلق بظلامه، فيسكن كل إلى مأواه ومسكنه، ويستريح العباد من الكد والتعب.

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وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
by the radiant day
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى } للخلق، فاستضاءوا بنوره، وانتشروا في مصالحهم.

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وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنثَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
by His creation of male and female
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنْثَى } إن كانت " ما "" موصولة، كان إقسامًا بنفسه الكريمة الموصوفة، بأنه خالق الذكور والإناث، وإن كانت مصدرية، كان قسمًا بخلقه للذكر والأنثى، وكمال حكمته في ذلك أن خلق من كل صنف من الحيوانات التي يريد بقاءها ذكرًا وأنثى، ليبقى النوع ولا يضمحل، وقاد كلا منهما إلى الآخر بسلسلة الشهوة، وجعل كلًا منهما مناسبًا للآخر، فتبارك الله أحسن الخالقين."

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إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
The ways you take differ greatly
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ إِنَّ سَعْيَكُمْ لَشَتَّى } هذا [هو] المقسم عليه أي: إن سعيكم أيها المكلفون لمتفاوت تفاوتا كثيًرا، وذلك بحسب تفاوت نفس الأعمال ومقدارها والنشاط فيها، وبحسب الغاية المقصودة بتلك الأعمال، هل هو وجه الله الأعلى الباقي؟ فيبقى السعي له ببقائه، وينتفع به صاحبه، أم هي غاية مضمحلة فانية، فيبطل السعي ببطلانها، ويضمحل باضمحلالها؟

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فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَىٰ وَاتَّقَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
There is the one who gives, who is mindful of God
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

فصل الله تعالى العاملين، ووصف أعمالهم، فقال: { فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى } [أي] ما أمر به من العبادات المالية، كالزكوات، والكفارات والنفقات، والصدقات، والإنفاق في وجوه الخير، والعبادات البدنية كالصلاة، والصوم ونحوهما. والمركبة منهما، كالحج والعمرة [ونحوهما] { وَاتَّقَى } ما نهي عنه، من المحرمات والمعاصي، على اختلاف أجناسها.

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وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who testifies to goodness––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَى } أي: صدق بـ " لا إله إلا الله "" وما دلت عليه، من جميع العقائد الدينية، وما ترتب عليها من الجزاء الأخروي."

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فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
We shall smooth his way towards ease
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى } أي: نسهل عليه أمره، ونجعله ميسرا له كل خير، ميسرًا له ترك كل شر، لأنه أتى بأسباب التيسير، فيسر الله له ذلك.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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وَأَمَّا مَن بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
There is the one who is miserly, who is self-satisfied
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ } بما أمر به، فترك الإنفاق الواجب والمستحب، ولم تسمح نفسه بأداء ما وجب لله، { وَاسْتَغْنَى } عن الله، فترك عبوديته جانبًا، ولم ير نفسه مفتقرة غاية الافتقار إلى ربها، الذي لا نجاة لها ولا فوز ولا فلاح، إلا بأن يكون هو محبوبها ومعبودها، الذي تقصده وتتوجه إليه.

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وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who denies goodness––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَى } أي: بما أوجب الله على العباد التصديق به من العقائد الحسنة.

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فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
We shall smooth his way towards hardshi
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى } أي: للحالة العسرة، والخصال الذميمة، بأن يكون ميسرًا للشر أينما كان، ومقيضًا له أفعال المعاصي، نسأل الله العافية.

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وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ إِذَا تَرَدَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
and his wealth will not help him as he falls
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَمَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُ مَالُهُ } الذي أطغاه واستغنى به، وبخل به إذا هلك ومات، فإنه لا يصحبه إلا عمله الصالح .وأما ماله [الذي لم يخرج منه الواجب] فإنه يكون وبالًا عليه، إذ لم يقدم منه لآخرته شيئًا.

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إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Our part is to provide guidance––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا لَلْهُدَى } أي: إن الهدى المستقيم طريقه، يوصل إلى الله، ويدني من رضاه، وأما الضلال، فطرق مسدودة عن الله، لا توصل صاحبها إلا للعذاب الشديد.

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وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَالْأُولَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
this world and the next belong to Us––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَإِنَّ لَنَا لَلْآخِرَةَ وَالْأُولَى } ملكًا وتصرفًا، ليس له فيهما مشارك، فليرغب الراغبون إليه في الطلب، ولينقطع رجاؤهم عن المخلوقين.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
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فَأَنذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
so I warn you about the raging Fire
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَأَنْذَرْتُكُمْ نَارًا تَلَظَّى } أي: تستعر وتتوقد.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى
Abdel Haleem
in which none but the most wicked one will burn
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى الَّذِي كَذَّبَ } بالخبر { وَتَوَلَّى } عن الأمر.

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

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الَّذِي كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who denied [the truth], and turned away
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ لَا يَصْلَاهَا إِلَّا الْأَشْقَى الَّذِي كَذَّبَ } بالخبر { وَتَوَلَّى } عن الأمر.

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

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وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى
Abdel Haleem
The most pious one will be spared this––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّى } بأن يكون قصده به تزكية نفسه، وتطهيرها من الذنوب والعيوب ، قاصدًا به وجه الله تعالى، فدل هذا على أنه إذا تضمن الإنفاق المستحب ترك واجب، كدين ونفقة ونحوهما، فإنه غير مشروع، بل تكون عطيته مردودة عند كثير من العلماء، لأنه لا يتزكى بفعل مستحب يفوت عليه الواجب.

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الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
who gives his wealth away as self-purification
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَسَيُجَنَّبُهَا الْأَتْقَى الَّذِي يُؤْتِي مَالَهُ يَتَزَكَّى } بأن يكون قصده به تزكية نفسه، وتطهيرها من الذنوب والعيوب ، قاصدًا به وجه الله تعالى، فدل هذا على أنه إذا تضمن الإنفاق المستحب ترك واجب، كدين ونفقة ونحوهما، فإنه غير مشروع، بل تكون عطيته مردودة عند كثير من العلماء، لأنه لا يتزكى بفعل مستحب يفوت عليه الواجب.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِندَهُ مِن نِّعْمَةٍ تُجْزَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
not to return a favour to anyon
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تُجْزَى } أي: ليس لأحد من الخلق على هذا الأتقى نعمة تجزى إلا وقد كافأه بها، وربما بقي له الفضل والمنة على الناس، فتمحض عبدًا لله، لأنه رقيق إحسانه وحده، وأما من بقي عليه نعمة للناس لم يجزها ويكافئها، فإنه لا بد أن يترك للناس، ويفعل لهم ما ينقص [إخلاصه].وهذه الآية، وإن كانت متناولة لأبي بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه، بل قد قيل إنها نزلت في سببه، فإنه -رضي الله عنه- ما لأحد عنده من نعمة تجزى، حتى ولا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، إلا نعمة الرسول التي لا يمكن جزاؤها، وهي [نعمة] الدعوة إلى دين الإسلام، وتعليم الهدى ودين الحق، فإن لله ورسوله المنة على كل أحد، منة لا يمكن لها جزاء ولا مقابلة، فإنها متناولة لكل من اتصف بهذا الوصف الفاضل، فلم يبق لأحد عليه من الخلق نعمة تجزى، فبقيت أعماله خالصة لوجه الله تعالى.

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
but for the sake of his Lord the Most High––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَى وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَى } هذا الأتقى بما يعطيه الله من أنواع الكرامات والمثوبات، والحمد لله رب العالمين.

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
and he will be well pleased
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَبِّهِ الْأَعْلَى وَلَسَوْفَ يَرْضَى } هذا الأتقى بما يعطيه الله من أنواع الكرامات والمثوبات، والحمد لله رب العالمين.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.