Tafseer Al Saddi al-Inshiqaq الإِنْشِقَاق (The Sundering, Splitting Open) 25 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انشَقَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
When the sky is ripped apart
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

يقول تعالى مبينًا لما يكون في يوم القيامة من تغير الأجرام العظام: { إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انْشَقَّتْ } أي: انفطرت وتمايز بعضها من بعض، وانتثرت نجومها، وخسف بشمسها وقمرها.

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وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
obeying its Lord as it rightly must
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا } أي: استمعت لأمره، وألقت سمعها، وأصاخت لخطابه، وحق لها ذلك، فإنها مسخرة مدبرة تحت مسخر ملك عظيم، لا يعصى أمره، ولا يخالف حكمه.

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وَإِذَا الْأَرْضُ مُدَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
when the earth is levelled out
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَإِذَا الْأَرْضُ مُدَّتْ } أي: رجفت وارتجت، ونسفت عليها جبالها، ودك ما عليها من بناء ومعلم، فسويت، ومدها الله تعالى مد الأديم، حتى صارت واسعة جدًا، تسع أهل الموقف على كثرتهم، فتصير قاعًا صفصفًا لا ترى فيها عوجًا ولا أمتا.

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وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا وَتَخَلَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
casts out its contents, and becomes empty
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا } من الأموات والكنوز. { وَتَخَلَّتْ } منهم، فإنه ينفخ في الصور، فتخرج الأموات من الأجداث إلى وجه الأرض، وتخرج الأرض كنوزها، حتى تكون كالأسطوان العظيم، يشاهده الخلق، ويتحسرون على ما هم فيه يتنافسون.

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وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
obeying its Lord as it rightly must
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ}

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يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنسَانُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا فَمُلَاقِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
you humans, toiling laboriously towards your Lord, will meet Him
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

[يَا أَيُّهَاالْإِنْسَانُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَى رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا فَمُلَاقِيهِ } أي: إنك ساع إلى الله، وعامل بأوامره ونواهيه، ومتقرب إليه إما بالخير وإما بالشر، ثم تلاقي الله يوم القيامة، فلا تعدم منه جزاء بالفضل إن كنت سعيدًا، أو بالعدل إن كنت شقيًا .

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فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ
Abdel Haleem
whoever is given his record in his right han
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

ولهذا ذكر تفضيل الجزاء، فقال: { فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ } وهم أهل السعادة.

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فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا
Abdel Haleem
will have an easy reckonin
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا } وهو العرض اليسير على الله، فيقرره الله بذنوبه، حتى إذا ظن العبد أنه قد هلك، قال الله [تعالى] له: " إني قد سترتها عليك في الدنيا، فأنا أسترها لك اليوم ""."

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وَيَنقَلِبُ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا
Abdel Haleem
and return to his people well pleased
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَيَنْقَلِبُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ } في الجنة { مَسْرُورًا } لأنه نجا من العذاب وفاز بالثواب.

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وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ
Abdel Haleem
but whoever is given his record from behind his bac
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ } أي: بشماله من خلفه.

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فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُورًا
Abdel Haleem
will cry out for destruction––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُورًا } من الخزي والفضيحة، وما يجد في كتابه من الأعمال التي قدمها ولم يتب منها.

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وَيَصْلَىٰ سَعِيرًا
Abdel Haleem
he will burn in the blazing Fire
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَيَصْلَى سَعِيرًا } أي: تحيط به السعير من كل جانب، ويقلب على عذابها، وذلك لأنه في الدنيا

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إِنَّهُ كَانَ فِي أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا
Abdel Haleem
He used to live among his people well pleased
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ كَانَ فِي أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا } لا يخطر البعث على باله، وقد أساء.

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إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَن لَّن يَحُورَ
Abdel Haleem
He thought he would never return [to his Lord]––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

ولم يظن أنه راجع إلى ربه وموقوف بين يديه.

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بَلَىٰ إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ بَصِيرًا
Abdel Haleem
indeed he will! His Lord was watching him
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ بَلَى إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ بَصِيرًا } فلا يحسن أن يتركه سدى، لا يؤمر ولا ينهى، ولا يثاب ولا يعاقب.

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فَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالشَّفَقِ
Abdel Haleem
I swear by the glow of sunset
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

أقسم في هذا الموضع بآيات الليل، فأقسم بالشفق الذي هو بقية نور الشمس، الذي هو مفتتح الليل.

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وَاللَّيْلِ وَمَا وَسَقَ
Abdel Haleem
by the night and what it covers
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَاللَّيْلِ وَمَا وَسَقَ } أي: احتوى عليه من حيوانات وغيرها.

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وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا اتَّسَقَ
Abdel Haleem
by the full moon
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا اتَّسَقَ } أي: امتلأ نورًا بإبداره، وذلك أحسن ما يكون وأكثر منافع.

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لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَن طَبَقٍ
Abdel Haleem
you will progress from stage to stage
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

والمقسم عليه قوله: { لَتَرْكَبُنَّ } [أي:] أيها الناس { طَبَقًا عَنْ طَبَقٍ } أي: أطوارا متعددة وأحوالا متباينة، من النطفة إلى العلقة، إلى المضغة، إلى نفخ الروح، ثم يكون وليدًا وطفلًا، ثم مميزًا، ثم يجري عليه قلم التكليف، والأمر والنهي، ثم يموت بعد ذلك، ثم يبعث ويجازى بأعماله، فهذه الطبقات المختلفة الجارية على العبد، دالة على أن الله وحده هو المعبود، الموحد، المدبر لعباده بحكمته ورحمته، وأن العبد فقير عاجز، تحت تدبير العزيز الرحيم.

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فَمَا لَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
Abdel Haleem
So why do they not believe
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

ومع هذا، فكثير من الناس لا يؤمنون.

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وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقُرْآنُ لَا يَسْجُدُونَ
Abdel Haleem
Why, when the Quran is read to them, do they not prostrate themselves [to God]
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقُرْآنُ لَا يَسْجُدُونَ } أي: لا يخضعون للقرآن، ولا ينقادون لأوامره ونواهيه،

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بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُكَذِّبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
No! The disbelievers reject the Quran––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُكَذِّبُونَ } أي: يعاندون الحق بعدما تبين، فلا يستغرب عدم إيمانهم وعدم انقيادهم للقرآن، فإن المكذب بالحق عنادًا، لا حيلة فيه.

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وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُوعُونَ
Abdel Haleem
God knows best what they keep hidden inside––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُوعُونَ } أي: بما يعملونه وينوونه سرًا، فالله يعلم سرهم وجهرهم، وسيجازيهم بأعمالهم.

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فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
so give them news of a painful torment
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ } وسميت البشارة بشارة، لأنها تؤثر في البشرة سرورًا أو غمًا. فهذه حال أكثر الناس، التكذيب بالقرآن، وعدم الإيمان [به].

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إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
Abdel Haleem
But those who believe and do good deeds will have a never-ending reward
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

ومن الناس فريق هداهم الله، فآمنوا بالله، وقبلوا ما جاءتهم به الرسل، فآمنوا وعملوا الصالحات. فهؤلاء لهم أجر غير ممنون أي: غير مقطوع بل هو أجر دائم مما لا عين رأت، ولا أذن سمعت، ولا خطر على قلب بشر. تم تفسير السورة ولله الحمد.

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Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.