Tafseer Al Saddi

Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di — b. 1307 AH / 1889 CE · d. 1376 AH / 1956 CE Sunni Hanbali

Tafseer Al Saddi al-Fajr الفَجْر (The Dawn, Daybreak) 30 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
89:1 ›
وَالْفَجْرِ
Abdel Haleem
By the Daybreak
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

الظاهر أن المقسم به، هو المقسم عليه، وذلك جائز مستعمل، إذا كان أمرًا ظاهرًا مهمًا، وهو كذلك في هذا الموضع.فأقسم تعالى بالفجر، الذي هو آخر الليل ومقدمة النهار، لما في إدبار الليل وإقبال النهار، من الآيات الدالة على كمال قدرة الله تعالى، وأنه وحده المدبر لجميع الأمور، الذي لا تنبغي العبادة إلا له، ويقع في الفجر صلاة فاضلة معظمة، يحسن أن يقسم الله بها، ولهذا أقسم بعده بالليالي العشر، وهي على الصحيح: ليالي عشر رمضان، أو [عشر] ذي الحجة، فإنها ليال مشتملة على أيام فاضلة، ويقع فيها من العبادات والقربات ما لا يقع في غيرها.

Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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89:2 ›
وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ
Abdel Haleem
by the Ten Nights
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

وفي ليالي عشر رمضان ليلة القدر، التي هي خير من ألف شهر، وفي نهارها، صيام آخر رمضان الذي هو ركن من أركان الإسلام.وفي أيام عشر ذي الحجة، الوقوف بعرفة، الذي يغفر الله فيه لعباده مغفرة يحزن لها الشيطان، فما رئي الشيطان أحقر ولا أدحر منه في يوم عرفة، لما يرى من تنزل الأملاك والرحمة من الله لعباده، ويقع فيها كثير من أفعال الحج والعمرة، وهذه أشياء معظمة، مستحقة لأن يقسم الله بها.

Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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89:3 ›
وَالشَّفْعِ وَالْوَتْرِ
Abdel Haleem
by the even and the odd
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

وفي ليالي عشر رمضان ليلة القدر، التي هي خير من ألف شهر، وفي نهارها، صيام آخر رمضان الذي هو ركن من أركان الإسلام.وفي أيام عشر ذي الحجة، الوقوف بعرفة، الذي يغفر الله فيه لعباده مغفرة يحزن لها الشيطان، فما رئي الشيطان أحقر ولا أدحر منه في يوم عرفة، لما يرى من تنزل الأملاك والرحمة من الله لعباده، ويقع فيها كثير من أفعال الحج والعمرة، وهذه أشياء معظمة، مستحقة لأن يقسم الله بها.

Connections 4 multi-source 10 single-source 4 commentators

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89:4 ›
وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ
Abdel Haleem
by the passing night––
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ } أي: وقت سريانه وإرخائه ظلامه على العباد، فيسكنون ويستريحون ويطمئنون، رحمة منه تعالى وحكمة.

Connections 13 single-source 3 commentators

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89:5 ›
هَلْ فِي ذَٰلِكَ قَسَمٌ لِّذِي حِجْرٍ
Abdel Haleem
is this oath strong enough for a rational person
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ هَلْ فِي ذَلِكَ } المذكور { قَسَمٌ لِذِي حِجْرٍ } أي: [لذي] عقل؟ نعم، بعض ذلك يكفي، لمن كان له قلب أو ألقى السمع وهو شهيد.

Connections 10 single-source 2 commentators

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89:6 ›
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ
Abdel Haleem
Have you [Prophet] considered how your Lord dealt with [the people] of 'Ad
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

يقول تعالى: { أَلَمْ تَرَ } بقلبك وبصيرتك كيف فعل بهذه الأمم الطاغية

Connections 9 single-source 2 commentators

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89:7 ›
إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ
Abdel Haleem
of Iram, [the city] of lofty pillars
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ إِرَمَ } القبيلة المعروفة في اليمن { ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ } أي: القوة الشديدة، والعتو والتجبر.

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:8 ›
الَّتِي لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِي الْبِلَادِ
Abdel Haleem
whose like has never been made in any land
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ الَّتِي لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا } أي: مثل عاد { فِي الْبِلَادِ } أي: في جميع البلدان [في القوة والشدة]، كما قال لهم نبيهم هود عليه السلام: { وَاذْكُرُوا إِذْ جَعَلَكُمْ خُلَفَاءَ مِنْ بَعْدِ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَزَادَكُمْ فِي الْخَلْقِ بَسْطَةً فَاذْكُرُوا آلَاءَ اللَّهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ } .

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:9 ›
وَثَمُودَ الَّذِينَ جَابُوا الصَّخْرَ بِالْوَادِ
Abdel Haleem
and the Thamud, who hewed into the rocks in the valley
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَثَمُودَ الَّذِينَ جَابُوا الصَّخْرَ بِالْوَادِ } أي: وادي القرى، نحتوا بقوتهم الصخور، فاتخذوها مساكن.

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:10 ›
وَفِرْعَوْنَ ذِي الْأَوْتَادِ
Abdel Haleem
and the mighty and powerful Pharaoh
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَفِرْعَوْنَ ذِي الْأَوْتَاد } أي: [ذي] الجنود الذين ثبتوا ملكه، كما تثبت الأوتاد ما يراد إمساكه بها.

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:11 ›
الَّذِينَ طَغَوْا فِي الْبِلَادِ
Abdel Haleem
All of them committed excesses in their lands
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ الَّذِينَ طَغَوْا فِي الْبِلَادِ } هذا الوصف عائد إلى عاد وثمود وفرعون ومن تبعهم، فإنهم طغوا في بلاد الله، وآذوا عباد الله، في دينهم ودنياهم، ولهذا قال:

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:12 ›
فَأَكْثَرُوا فِيهَا الْفَسَادَ
Abdel Haleem
and spread corruption there
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَأَكْثَرُوا فِيهَا الْفَسَادَ } وهو العمل بالكفر وشعبه، من جميع أجناس المعاصي، وسعوا في محاربة الرسل وصد الناس عن سبيل الله.

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:13 ›
فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ
Abdel Haleem
your Lord let a scourge of punishment loose on them
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

فلما بلغوا من العتو ما هو موجب لهلاكهم، أرسل الله عليهم من عذابه ذنوبًا وسوط عذاب.

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:14 ›
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ
Abdel Haleem
Your Lord is always watchful
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ } لمن عصاه يمهله قليلًا، ثم يأخذه أخذ عزيز مقتدر.

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:15 ›
فَأَمَّا الْإِنسَانُ إِذَا مَا ابْتَلَاهُ رَبُّهُ فَأَكْرَمَهُ وَنَعَّمَهُ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّي أَكْرَمَنِ
Abdel Haleem
[The nature of] man is that, when his Lord tries him through honour and blessings, he says, ‘My Lord has honoured me,’
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

يخبر تعالى عن طبيعة الإنسان من حيث هو، وأنه جاهل ظالم، لا علم له بالعواقب، يظن الحالة التي تقع فيه تستمر ولا تزول، ويظن أن إكرام الله في الدنيا وإنعامه عليه يدل على كرامته عنده وقربه منه.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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89:16 ›
وَأَمَّا إِذَا مَا ابْتَلَاهُ فَقَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقَهُ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّي أَهَانَنِ
Abdel Haleem
but when He tries him through the restriction of his provision, he says, ‘My Lord has humiliated me.’
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

وأنه إذا { قدر عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ } أي: ضيقه، فصار يقدر قوته لا يفضل منه، أن هذا إهانة من الله له.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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89:17 ›
كَلَّا بَل لَّا تُكْرِمُونَ الْيَتِيمَ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! You [people] do not honour orphans
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

فرد الله عليه هذا الحسبان: بقوله { كَلَّا } أي: ليس كل من نعمته في الدنيا فهو كريم علي، ولا كل من قدرت عليه رزقه فهو مهان لدي، وإنما الغنى والفقر، والسعة والضيق، ابتلاء من الله، وامتحان يمتحن به العباد، ليرى من يقوم له بالشكر والصبر، فيثيبه على ذلك الثواب الجزيل، ممن ليس كذلك فينقله إلى العذاب الوبيل.وأيضًا، فإن وقوف همة العبد عند مراد نفسه فقط، من ضعف الهمة، ولهذا لامهم الله على عدم اهتمامهم بأحوال الخلق المحتاجين، فقال: { كَلَّا بَل لَا تُكْرِمُونَ الْيَتِيمَ } الذي فقد أباه وكاسبه، واحتاج إلى جبر خاطره والإحسان إليه.فأنتم لا تكرمونه بل تهينونه، وهذا يدل على عدم الرحمة في قلوبكم، وعدم الرغبة في الخير.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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89:18 ›
وَلَا تَحَاضُّونَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ
Abdel Haleem
you do not urge one another to feed the poor
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَلَا تَحَاضُّونَ عَلَى طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِين } أي: لا يحض بعضكم بعضًا على إطعام المحاويج من المساكين والفقراء، وذلك لأجل الشح على الدنيا ومحبتها الشديدة المتمكنة من القلوب.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:19 ›
وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ أَكْلًا لَّمًّا
Abdel Haleem
you consume inheritance greedily
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ } أي: المال المخلف { أَكْلًا لَمًّا } أي: ذريعًا، لا تبقون على شيء منه.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:20 ›
وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبًّا جَمًّا
Abdel Haleem
and you love wealth with a passion
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبًّا جَمًّا } أي: كثيرًا شديدًا، وهذا كقوله تعالى: { بَلْ تُؤْثِرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ وَأَبْقَى } { كَلَّا بَلْ تُحِبُّونَ الْعَاجِلَةَ وَتَذَرُونَ الْآخِرَةَ } .

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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89:21 ›
كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ دَكًّا دَكًّا
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! When the earth is pounded to dust, pounded and pounded
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ كَلَّا } أي: ليس [كل] ما أحببتم من الأموال، وتنافستم فيه من اللذات، بباق لكم، بل أمامكم يوم عظيم، وهول جسيم، تدك فيه الأرض والجبال وما عليها حتى تجعل قاعًا صفصفًا لا عوج فيه ولا أمت.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:22 ›
وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّا
Abdel Haleem
when your Lord comes with the angels, rank upon rank
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

ويجيء الله تعالى لفصل القضاء بين عباده في ظلل من الغمام، وتجيء الملائكة الكرام، أهل السماوات كلهم، صفًا صفا أي: صفًا بعد صف، كل سماء يجيء ملائكتها صفا، يحيطون بمن دونهم من الخلق، وهذه الصفوف صفوف خضوع وذل للملك الجبار.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:23 ›
وَجِيءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِجَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الْإِنسَانُ وَأَنَّىٰ لَهُ الذِّكْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
when Hell is that Day brought near- on that Day man will take heed, but what good will that be to him then
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَجِيءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِجَهَنَّمَ } تقودها الملائكة بالسلاسل.فإذا وقعت هذه الأمور فـ { يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الْإِنْسَانُ } ما قدمه من خير وشر.{ وَأَنَّى لَهُ الذِّكْرَى } فقد فات أوانها، وذهب زمانها.

89:24 ›
يَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِي
Abdel Haleem
He will say, ‘Would that I had provided for this life to come!’
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

يقول متحسرًا على ما فرط في جنب الله: { يَا لَيْتَنِي قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِي } الدائمة الباقية، عملًا صالحًا، كما قال تعالى: { يَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي اتَّخَذْتُ مَعَ الرَّسُولِ سَبِيلًا يَا وَيْلَتَى لَيْتَنِي لَمْ أَتَّخِذْ فُلَانًا خَلِيلًا } . وفي الآية دليل على أن الحياة التي ينبغي السعي في أصلها وكمالها ، وفي تتميم لذاتها، هي الحياة في دار القرار، فإنها دار الخلد والبقاء.

89:25 ›
فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَّا يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُ أَحَدٌ
Abdel Haleem
On that Day, no one will punish as He punishes
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَا يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُ أَحَدٌ } لمن أهمل ذلك اليوم ونسي العمل له.

89:26 ›
وَلَا يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُ أَحَدٌ
Abdel Haleem
and no one will bind as He binds
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ وَلَا يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُ أَحَدٌ } فإنهم يقرنون بسلاسل من نار، ويسحبون على وجوههم في الحميم، ثم في النار يسجرون، فهذا جزاء المجرمين.

89:27 ›
يَا أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ
Abdel Haleem
‘[But] you, soul at peace
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

وأما من اطمأن إلى الله وآمن به وصدق رسله، فيقال له: { يَا أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ } إلى ذكر الله، الساكنة [إلى] حبه، التي قرت عينها بالله.

Connections 1 multi-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:28 ›
ارْجِعِي إِلَىٰ رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَّرْضِيَّةً
Abdel Haleem
return to your Lord well pleased and well pleasing
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ ارْجِعِي إِلَى رَبِّكِ } الذي رباك بنعمته، وأسدى عليك من إحسانه ما صرت به من أوليائه وأحبابه { رَاضِيَةً مَرْضِيَّةً } أي: راضية عن الله، وعن ما أكرمها به من الثواب، والله قد رضي عنها.

Connections 1 multi-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:29 ›
فَادْخُلِي فِي عِبَادِي
Abdel Haleem
go in among My servants
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَادْخُلِي فِي عِبَادِي وَادْخُلِي جَنَّتِي } وهذا تخاطب به الروح يوم القيامة، وتخاطب به حال الموت [والحمد لله رب العالمين].

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:30 ›
وَادْخُلِي جَنَّتِي
Abdel Haleem
and into My Garden.’
Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di

{ فَادْخُلِي فِي عِبَادِي وَادْخُلِي جَنَّتِي } وهذا تخاطب به الروح يوم القيامة، وتخاطب به حال الموت [والحمد لله رب العالمين].

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