Kashani Tafsir

Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani — b. 650 AH / 1252 CE · d. 730 AH / 1329 CE Sunni (Sufi) Akbari Sufi (school of Ibn Arabi)

Kashani Tafsir al-Mumtahinah المُمْتَحَنَة (She That is to be Examined, Examining her, She Who is Tested) 13 verses · Medinan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
60:1 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَتَّخِذُوا۟ عَدُوِّی وَعَدُوَّكُمۡ أَوۡلِیَاۤءَ تُلۡقُونَ إِلَیۡهِم بِٱلۡمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدۡ كَفَرُوا۟ بِمَا جَاۤءَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ یُخۡرِجُونَ ٱلرَّسُولَ وَإِیَّاكُمۡ أَن تُؤۡمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ رَبِّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ خَرَجۡتُمۡ جِهَـٰدࣰا فِی سَبِیلِی وَٱبۡتِغَاۤءَ مَرۡضَاتِیۚ تُسِرُّونَ إِلَیۡهِم بِٱلۡمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا۠ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَاۤ أَخۡفَیۡتُمۡ وَمَاۤ أَعۡلَنتُمۡۚ وَمَن یَفۡعَلۡهُ مِنكُمۡ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ سَوَاۤءَ ٱلسَّبِیلِ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
You who believe, do not take My enemies and yours as your allies, showing them friendship when they have rejected the truth you have received, and have driven you and the Messenger out simply because you believe in God, your Lord––not if you truly emigrated in order to strive for My cause and seek My good pleasure. You secretly show them friendship––I know all you conceal and all you reveal–– but any of you who do this are straying from the right path
Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani

O you who have faith, take not My enemy and your enemy as friends. “O you who have faith, who have seen the Messenger as truthful, and who have accepted My message with spirit and soul, do not take My enemy and your enemy as your friend. No enemy of yours is greater than the commanding soul. Beware lest you feel secure from it. Always be on guard against it.” MuṣṬafā said, “Your worst enemy is your soul that is between your two sides.” Your worst enemy is the disobedient soul. It always wants that in which is your loss. Anyone who lets the soul have what it wants is planting the seeds of his own remorse. Among the reports from David is this: “O David, be the enemy of your own soul, for no one in the empire contends with Me except it.” The soul [nafs] is dust-dwelling, terrestrial, and dark. It is a treacherous and deceiving enemy. Its root is from “rivalry” [tanāfus], and rivalry is the beginning of rancor, envy, hatred, and enmity. MuṣṬafā was not exaggerating when he said, “We have returned from the lesser struggle to the greater struggle.” He called war against Byzantium the smaller war and war against the soul the greater war. For, you can take Byzantium from the emperor with a small army, but you cannot take the soul from someone with all the friends on the face of the earth. This is because an unbeliever in Byzantium struggles face-to-face and shows impudence and wrath against the warriors and calls them to do improper acts. But the soul does not struggle face-to-face. It shows him affection and kindness and calls him to do honorable acts. This is why the men of religion's road leave aside many of the obedient acts, for they know that those are the decoys of the soul; a hunter catches birds with birds. AḤmad Khiẓrūya Balkhī said, “I had severely put down my soul with various sorts of disci- pline and struggle. One day it became elated by war. I was surprised, because the soul does not become elated by obedience. I asked myself what sort of deception was hidden there. Perhaps it could not put up with hunger, for I was always commanding it to fast. It wanted to travel so as to break its fast while traveling.

O you who have faith, take not My enemy and your enemy as friends. “O you who have faith, who have seen the Messenger as truthful, and who have accepted My message with spirit and soul, do not take My enemy and your enemy as your friend. No enemy of yours is greater than the commanding soul. Beware lest you feel secure from it. Always be on guard against it.” MuṣṬafā said, “Your worst enemy is your soul that is between your two sides.” Your worst enemy is the disobedient soul. It always wants that in which is your loss. Anyone who lets the soul have what it wants is planting the seeds of his own remorse. Among the reports from David is this: “O David, be the enemy of your own soul, for no one in the empire contends with Me except it.” The soul [nafs] is dust-dwelling, terrestrial, and dark. It is a treacherous and deceiving enemy. Its root is from “rivalry” [tanāfus], and rivalry is the beginning of rancor, envy, hatred, and enmity. MuṣṬafā was not exaggerating when he said, “We have returned from the lesser struggle to the greater struggle.” He called war against Byzantium the smaller war and war against the soul the greater war. For, you can take Byzantium from the emperor with a small army, but you cannot take the soul from someone with all the friends on the face of the earth. This is because an unbeliever in Byzantium struggles face-to-face and shows impudence and wrath against the warriors and calls them to do improper acts. But the soul does not struggle face-to-face. It shows him affection and kindness and calls him to do honorable acts. This is why the men of religion's road leave aside many of the obedient acts, for they know that those are the decoys of the soul; a hunter catches birds with birds. AḤmad Khiẓrūya Balkhī said, “I had severely put down my soul with various sorts of disci- pline and struggle. One day it became elated by war. I was surprised, because the soul does not become elated by obedience. I asked myself what sort of deception was hidden there. Perhaps it could not put up with hunger, for I was always commanding it to fast. It wanted to travel so as to break its fast while traveling.

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:2 ›
إِن یَثۡقَفُوكُمۡ یَكُونُوا۟ لَكُمۡ أَعۡدَاۤءࣰ وَیَبۡسُطُوۤا۟ إِلَیۡكُمۡ أَیۡدِیَهُمۡ وَأَلۡسِنَتَهُم بِٱلسُّوۤءِ وَوَدُّوا۟ لَوۡ تَكۡفُرُونَ ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
If they gain the upper hand over you, they will revert to being your enemies and stretch out their hands and tongues to harm you; it is their dearest wish that you may renounce your faith
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:3 ›
لَن تَنفَعَكُمۡ أَرۡحَامُكُمۡ وَلَاۤ أَوۡلَـٰدُكُمۡۚ یَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِیَـٰمَةِ یَفۡصِلُ بَیۡنَكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِیرࣱ ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
Neither your kinsfolk nor your children will be any use to you on the Day of Resurrection: He will separate you out. God sees everything you do
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:4 ›
قَدۡ كَانَتۡ لَكُمۡ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةࣱ فِیۤ إِبۡرَ ٰهِیمَ وَٱلَّذِینَ مَعَهُۥۤ إِذۡ قَالُوا۟ لِقَوۡمِهِمۡ إِنَّا بُرَءَ ٰۤؤُا۟ مِنكُمۡ وَمِمَّا تَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ كَفَرۡنَا بِكُمۡ وَبَدَا بَیۡنَنَا وَبَیۡنَكُمُ ٱلۡعَدَ ٰوَةُ وَٱلۡبَغۡضَاۤءُ أَبَدًا حَتَّىٰ تُؤۡمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَحۡدَهُۥۤ إِلَّا قَوۡلَ إِبۡرَ ٰهِیمَ لِأَبِیهِ لَأَسۡتَغۡفِرَنَّ لَكَ وَمَاۤ أَمۡلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ مِن شَیۡءࣲۖ رَّبَّنَا عَلَیۡكَ تَوَكَّلۡنَا وَإِلَیۡكَ أَنَبۡنَا وَإِلَیۡكَ ٱلۡمَصِیرُ ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
You have a good example in Abraham and his companions, when they said to their people, ‘We disown you and what you worship besides God! We renounce you! Until you believe in God alone, the enmity and hatred that has arisen between us will endure!’––except when Abraham said to his father, ‘I will pray for forgiveness for you though I cannot protect you from God’––[they prayed]
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:5 ›
رَبَّنَا لَا تَجۡعَلۡنَا فِتۡنَةࣰ لِّلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَٱغۡفِرۡ لَنَا رَبَّنَاۤۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلۡعَزِیزُ ٱلۡحَكِیمُ ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
‘Lord, we have put our trust in You; we turn to You; You are our final destination. Lord, do not expose us to mistreatment [at the hands of] the disbelievers. Forgive us, Lord, for You are the Almighty, the All Wise.’
Connections 5 single-source 3 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:6 ›
لَقَدۡ كَانَ لَكُمۡ فِیهِمۡ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةࣱ لِّمَن كَانَ یَرۡجُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلۡیَوۡمَ ٱلۡءَاخِرَۚ وَمَن یَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلۡغَنِیُّ ٱلۡحَمِیدُ ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
Truly, they are a good example for you [believers] to follow, a good example for those who fear God and the Last Day. If anyone turns away, [remember] God is self-sufficing and worthy of all praise
Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:7 ›
۞ عَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن یَجۡعَلَ بَیۡنَكُمۡ وَبَیۡنَ ٱلَّذِینَ عَادَیۡتُم مِّنۡهُم مَّوَدَّةࣰۚ وَٱللَّهُ قَدِیرࣱۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
God may still bring about affection between you and your present enemies- God is all powerful, God is most forgiving and merciful
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:8 ›
لَّا یَنۡهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِینَ لَمۡ یُقَـٰتِلُوكُمۡ فِی ٱلدِّینِ وَلَمۡ یُخۡرِجُوكُم مِّن دِیَـٰرِكُمۡ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمۡ وَتُقۡسِطُوۤا۟ إِلَیۡهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ یُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِینَ ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
and He does not forbid you to deal kindly and justly with anyone who has not fought you for your faith or driven you out of your homes: God loves the just
60:9 ›
إِنَّمَا یَنۡهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِینَ قَـٰتَلُوكُمۡ فِی ٱلدِّینِ وَأَخۡرَجُوكُم مِّن دِیَـٰرِكُمۡ وَظَـٰهَرُوا۟ عَلَىٰۤ إِخۡرَاجِكُمۡ أَن تَوَلَّوۡهُمۡۚ وَمَن یَتَوَلَّهُمۡ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
But God forbids you to take as allies those who have fought against you for your faith, driven you out of your homes, and helped others to drive you out: any of you who take them as allies will truly be wrongdoers
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:10 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوۤا۟ إِذَا جَاۤءَكُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَـٰتُ مُهَـٰجِرَ ٰتࣲ فَٱمۡتَحِنُوهُنَّۖ ٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِإِیمَـٰنِهِنَّۖ فَإِنۡ عَلِمۡتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤۡمِنَـٰتࣲ فَلَا تَرۡجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِۖ لَا هُنَّ حِلࣱّ لَّهُمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ یَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّۖ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّاۤ أَنفَقُوا۟ۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیۡكُمۡ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَاۤ ءَاتَیۡتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّۚ وَلَا تُمۡسِكُوا۟ بِعِصَمِ ٱلۡكَوَافِرِ وَسۡءَلُوا۟ مَاۤ أَنفَقۡتُمۡ وَلۡیَسۡءَلُوا۟ مَاۤ أَنفَقُوا۟ۚ ذَ ٰلِكُمۡ حُكۡمُ ٱللَّهِ یَحۡكُمُ بَیۡنَكُمۡۖ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِیمٌ حَكِیمࣱ ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
You who believe, test the believing women when they come to you as emigrants- God knows best about their faith- and if you are sure of their belief, do not send them back to the disbelievers: they are not lawful wives for them, nor are the disbelievers their lawful husbands. Give the disbelievers whatever bride-gifts they have paid- if you choose to marry them, there is no blame on you once you have paid their bride-gifts- and do not yourselves hold on to marriage ties with disbelieving women. Ask for repayment of the bride-gifts you have paid, and let the disbelievers do the same. This is God’s judgement: He judges between you, God is all knowing and wise
Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:11 ›
وَإِن فَاتَكُمۡ شَیۡءࣱ مِّنۡ أَزۡوَ ٰجِكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبۡتُمۡ فَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلَّذِینَ ذَهَبَتۡ أَزۡوَ ٰجُهُم مِّثۡلَ مَاۤ أَنفَقُوا۟ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَنتُم بِهِۦ مُؤۡمِنُونَ ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
If any of you have wives who leave you for the disbelievers, and if your community subsequently acquires [gains] from them, then pay those whose wives have deserted them the equivalent of whatever bride-gift they paid. Be mindful of God, in whom you believe
Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:12 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلنَّبِیُّ إِذَا جَاۤءَكَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَـٰتُ یُبَایِعۡنَكَ عَلَىٰۤ أَن لَّا یُشۡرِكۡنَ بِٱللَّهِ شَیۡءࣰا وَلَا یَسۡرِقۡنَ وَلَا یَزۡنِینَ وَلَا یَقۡتُلۡنَ أَوۡلَـٰدَهُنَّ وَلَا یَأۡتِینَ بِبُهۡتَـٰنࣲ یَفۡتَرِینَهُۥ بَیۡنَ أَیۡدِیهِنَّ وَأَرۡجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا یَعۡصِینَكَ فِی مَعۡرُوفࣲ فَبَایِعۡهُنَّ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُنَّ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
Prophet, when believing women come and pledge to you that they will not ascribe any partner to God, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor lie about who has fathered their children, nor disobey you in any righteous thing, then you should accept their pledge of allegiance and pray to God to forgive them: God is most forgiving and merciful
Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:13 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَتَوَلَّوۡا۟ قَوۡمًا غَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَیۡهِمۡ قَدۡ یَىِٕسُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلۡءَاخِرَةِ كَمَا یَىِٕسَ ٱلۡكُفَّارُ مِنۡ أَصۡحَـٰبِ ٱلۡقُبُورِ ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
You who believe, do not take as allies those with whom God is angry: they despair of the life to come as the disbelievers despair of those buried in their graves
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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