Kashani Tafsir al-`Alaq العَلَق (The Clot, Read) 19 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ
Abdel Haleem
Read! In the name of your Lord who created
خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ
Abdel Haleem
He created manfrom a clinging form
اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ
Abdel Haleem
Read! Your Lord is the Most Bountiful On
الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ
Abdel Haleem
who taught by [means of] the pen
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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عَلَّمَ الْإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ
Abdel Haleem
who taught man what he did not know
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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كَلَّا إِنَّ الْإِنسَانَ لَيَطْغَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
But man exceeds all bound
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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أَن رَّآهُ اسْتَغْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
when he thinks he is self-sufficient
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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إِنَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
[Prophet], all will return to your Lord
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Have you seen the man who forbid
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
[Our] servant to pray
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أَرَأَيْتَ إِن كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Have you seen whether he is rightly guided
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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أَوْ أَمَرَ بِالتَّقْوَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
or encourages true piety
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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أَرَأَيْتَ إِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Have you seen whether he denies the truth and turns away from it
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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أَلَمْ يَعْلَم بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Does he not realize that God sees all
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

كَلَّا لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ لَنَسْفَعًا بِالنَّاصِيَةِ
Abdel Haleem
No! If he does not stop, We shall drag him by his forehead––
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
his lying, sinful forehead
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُ
Abdel Haleem
Let him summon his comrades
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ
Abdel Haleem
We shall summon the guards of Hell
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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كَلَّا لَا تُطِعْهُ وَاسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِب
Abdel Haleem
No! Do not obey him [Prophet]: bow down in worship and draw close
Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani

Prostrate thyself and draw near. The servant has no state in which he is closer to the Exalted Presence and the largesse of mercy than the state of prostration. When the servant puts his head down in prostration, he becomes a banner of light from the top of his head to the furthest ends of the world. The line of his light's brightness goes from the crown of his head to the highest, and mercy pours down on his head from the highest. MuṣṬafā said, “There is no pride along with prostration.” Whenever someone prostrates him- self, he becomes far from pride and finds the eminence of the humble at God's threshold. When the servant humbles himself in the prostration, his reward is that the Real bestows upon him special favor and proximity. This is why He says, “Prostrate thyself and draw near.” In the state of pros- tration the servant has togetherness, but in every other state he is dispersed. In the state of standing and bowing he is near the gaze of people, but in the state of prostration he is farther from their gaze. The farther someone is from the people, the closer he is to the Real. The less weight someone has in the eyes of the people, the more weight he has in the eyes of the Real. It is said that when the Lord of the Worlds commanded the angels to prostrate themselves before Adam, the first to prostrate himself was Seraphiel. When he lifted his head from prostra- tion, the Compeller of the universe made the divine books and heavenly revelation appear on his forehead, such that his forehead became the tablet for God's books. How marvelous! When someone prostrated himself by command to Adam, the form of God's books appeared in his forehead. When a person of faith prostrates himself to God for seventy years, why should it be strange that he be exempted from the fire of punishment? Seraphiel pros- trated himself to Adam at the Real's command, and speech appeared written on his forehead. He wrote faith in the heart of the faithful person, as He says: “He wrote faith in their hearts” [58:22]. In terms of allusion He is saying, “Someone prostrated himself to someone beneath Me by My command, so I made unwritten speech appear on his forehead. When someone prostrates himself to Me for seventy years by My command, how can I take away the faith written in his heart?” The Prophet said, “When you bow, magnify God, and when you prostrate yourself, strive in supplicating Him, for He will respond to you.”

Prostrate thyself and draw near. The servant has no state in which he is closer to the Exalted Presence and the largesse of mercy than the state of prostration. When the servant puts his head down in prostration, he becomes a banner of light from the top of his head to the furthest ends of the world. The line of his light's brightness goes from the crown of his head to the highest, and mercy pours down on his head from the highest. MuṣṬafā said, “There is no pride along with prostration.” Whenever someone prostrates him- self, he becomes far from pride and finds the eminence of the humble at God's threshold. When the servant humbles himself in the prostration, his reward is that the Real bestows upon him special favor and proximity. This is why He says, “Prostrate thyself and draw near.” In the state of pros- tration the servant has togetherness, but in every other state he is dispersed. In the state of standing and bowing he is near the gaze of people, but in the state of prostration he is farther from their gaze. The farther someone is from the people, the closer he is to the Real. The less weight someone has in the eyes of the people, the more weight he has in the eyes of the Real. It is said that when the Lord of the Worlds commanded the angels to prostrate themselves before Adam, the first to prostrate himself was Seraphiel. When he lifted his head from prostra- tion, the Compeller of the universe made the divine books and heavenly revelation appear on his forehead, such that his forehead became the tablet for God's books. How marvelous! When someone prostrated himself by command to Adam, the form of God's books appeared in his forehead. When a person of faith prostrates himself to God for seventy years, why should it be strange that he be exempted from the fire of punishment? Seraphiel pros- trated himself to Adam at the Real's command, and speech appeared written on his forehead. He wrote faith in the heart of the faithful person, as He says: “He wrote faith in their hearts” [58:22]. In terms of allusion He is saying, “Someone prostrated himself to someone beneath Me by My command, so I made unwritten speech appear on his forehead. When someone prostrates himself to Me for seventy years by My command, how can I take away the faith written in his heart?” The Prophet said, “When you bow, magnify God, and when you prostrate yourself, strive in supplicating Him, for He will respond to you.”

Connections 1 multi-source 2 single-source 3 commentators

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.