Kashani Tafsir al-Hashr الحَشْر (Exile, Banishment) 24 verses · Medinan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِی ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَمَا فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِیزُ ٱلۡحَكِیمُ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
Everything in the heavens and earth glorifies God; He is the Almighty, the Wise
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هُوَ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَخۡرَجَ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبِ مِن دِیَـٰرِهِمۡ لِأَوَّلِ ٱلۡحَشۡرِۚ مَا ظَنَنتُمۡ أَن یَخۡرُجُوا۟ۖ وَظَنُّوۤا۟ أَنَّهُم مَّانِعَتُهُمۡ حُصُونُهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ فَأَتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنۡ حَیۡثُ لَمۡ یَحۡتَسِبُوا۟ۖ وَقَذَفَ فِی قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلرُّعۡبَۚ یُخۡرِبُونَ بُیُوتَهُم بِأَیۡدِیهِمۡ وَأَیۡدِی ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ فَٱعۡتَبِرُوا۟ یَـٰۤأُو۟لِی ٱلۡأَبۡصَـٰرِ ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
It was He who drove those of the People of the Book who broke faith out from their homes at the first gathering of forces––you [believers] never thought they would go, and they themselves thought their fortifications would protect them against God. God came up on them from where they least expected and put panic into their hearts: their homes were destroyed by their own hands, and the hands of the believers. Learn from this, all of you with insight
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وَلَوۡلَاۤ أَن كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَیۡهِمُ ٱلۡجَلَاۤءَ لَعَذَّبَهُمۡ فِی ٱلدُّنۡیَاۖ وَلَهُمۡ فِی ٱلۡءَاخِرَةِ عَذَابُ ٱلنَّارِ ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
If God had not decreed exile for them, He would have tormented them [even more severely] in this world. In the Hereafter they will have the torment of the Fir
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ذَ ٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ شَاۤقُّوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥۖ وَمَن یُشَاۤقِّ ٱللَّهَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِیدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
because they set themselves against God and His Messenger: God is stern in punishment towards anyone who sets himself against Him
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مَا قَطَعۡتُم مِّن لِّینَةٍ أَوۡ تَرَكۡتُمُوهَا قَاۤىِٕمَةً عَلَىٰۤ أُصُولِهَا فَبِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِیُخۡزِیَ ٱلۡفَـٰسِقِینَ ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
Whatever you [believers] may have done to [their] palm trees–– cutting them down or leaving them standing on their roots––was done by God’s leave, so that He might disgrace those who defied Him
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وَمَاۤ أَفَاۤءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡهُمۡ فَمَاۤ أَوۡجَفۡتُمۡ عَلَیۡهِ مِنۡ خَیۡلࣲ وَلَا رِكَابࣲ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ یُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُۥ عَلَىٰ مَن یَشَاۤءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَیۡءࣲ قَدِیرࣱ ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
You [believers] did not have to spur on your horses or your camels for whatever gains God turned over to His Messenger from them. God gives authority to His messengers over whoever He will: God has power over all things
مَّاۤ أَفَاۤءَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡقُرَىٰ فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِی ٱلۡقُرۡبَىٰ وَٱلۡیَتَـٰمَىٰ وَٱلۡمَسَـٰكِینِ وَٱبۡنِ ٱلسَّبِیلِ كَیۡ لَا یَكُونَ دُولَةَۢ بَیۡنَ ٱلۡأَغۡنِیَاۤءِ مِنكُمۡۚ وَمَاۤ ءَاتَىٰكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَىٰكُمۡ عَنۡهُ فَٱنتَهُوا۟ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِیدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
Whatever gains God has turned over to His Messenger from the inhabitants of the villages belong to God, the Messenger, kinsfolk, orphans, the needy, the traveller in need- this is so that they do not just circulate among those of you who are rich––so accept whatever the Messenger gives you, and abstain from whatever he forbids you. Be mindful of God: God is severe in punishment
Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani

Whatever the Messenger gives you, take; whatever he prohibits you, forgo. The call came from the Real: “Whatever drink comes to you from the auspicious hand of MuḤammad the Arab, the Hashimite prophet, take, for your life lies in that. Read the tablet that he writes, learn servanthood from his character traits, take seeking from his aspiration, put his Sunnah to work, walk behind him in all states. The final goal of the traveling of the servants and the perfection of their states is My love, and My love lies in following the Sunnah and conduct of your prophet. Whoever walks straight in his tracks is in reality My friend. Say: 'If you love God, follow me; God will love you' [3:31].” The faithful Companions came back to being loyal to the beginningless Covenant and kept their feet straight in following MuṣṬafā's Sunnah. They put to work truthfulness in acts, and the Lord of the Worlds praised them for their truthfulness:

Whatever the Messenger gives you, take; whatever he prohibits you, forgo. The call came from the Real: “Whatever drink comes to you from the auspicious hand of MuḤammad the Arab, the Hashimite prophet, take, for your life lies in that. Read the tablet that he writes, learn servanthood from his character traits, take seeking from his aspiration, put his Sunnah to work, walk behind him in all states. The final goal of the traveling of the servants and the perfection of their states is My love, and My love lies in following the Sunnah and conduct of your prophet. Whoever walks straight in his tracks is in reality My friend. Say: 'If you love God, follow me; God will love you' [3:31].” The faithful Companions came back to being loyal to the beginningless Covenant and kept their feet straight in following MuṣṬafā's Sunnah. They put to work truthfulness in acts, and the Lord of the Worlds praised them for their truthfulness:

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لِلۡفُقَرَاۤءِ ٱلۡمُهَـٰجِرِینَ ٱلَّذِینَ أُخۡرِجُوا۟ مِن دِیَـٰرِهِمۡ وَأَمۡوَ ٰلِهِمۡ یَبۡتَغُونَ فَضۡلࣰا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضۡوَ ٰنࣰا وَیَنصُرُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥۤۚ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّـٰدِقُونَ ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
The poor emigrants who were driven from their homes and possessions, who seek God’s favour and approval, those who help God and His Messenger- these are the ones who are true- [shall have a share]
Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani

Those-they are the truthful. Truthfulness [ṣidq] is the charity [ṣadaqa] of the secret core, the dower [ṣidāq] of the Garden, and the true friend [ṣadīq] of the Real. Make truthfulness your trade, for among the ranks at the resurrection, none are delivered from God's anger but the truthful. [DS 188]

Those-they are the truthful. Truthfulness [ṣidq] is the charity [ṣadaqa] of the secret core, the dower [ṣidāq] of the Garden, and the true friend [ṣadīq] of the Real. Make truthfulness your trade, for among the ranks at the resurrection, none are delivered from God's anger but the truthful. [DS 188]

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وَٱلَّذِینَ تَبَوَّءُو ٱلدَّارَ وَٱلۡإِیمَـٰنَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ یُحِبُّونَ مَنۡ هَاجَرَ إِلَیۡهِمۡ وَلَا یَجِدُونَ فِی صُدُورِهِمۡ حَاجَةࣰ مِّمَّاۤ أُوتُوا۟ وَیُؤۡثِرُونَ عَلَىٰۤ أَنفُسِهِمۡ وَلَوۡ كَانَ بِهِمۡ خَصَاصَةࣱۚ وَمَن یُوقَ شُحَّ نَفۡسِهِۦ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
Those who were already firmly established in their homes [in Medina], and firmly rooted in faith, show love for those who migrated to them for refuge and harbour no desire in their hearts for what has been given to them. They give them preference over themselves, even if they too are poor: those who are saved from their own souls’ greed are truly successful
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وَٱلَّذِینَ جَاۤءُو مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِمۡ یَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا ٱغۡفِرۡ لَنَا وَلِإِخۡوَ ٰنِنَا ٱلَّذِینَ سَبَقُونَا بِٱلۡإِیمَـٰنِ وَلَا تَجۡعَلۡ فِی قُلُوبِنَا غِلࣰّا لِّلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ رَبَّنَاۤ إِنَّكَ رَءُوفࣱ رَّحِیمٌ ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
Those who came after them say, ‘Lord, forgive us our sins and the sins of our brothers who believed before us, and leave no malice in our hearts towards those who believe. Lord, You are truly compassionate and merciful.’
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۞ أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِینَ نَافَقُوا۟ یَقُولُونَ لِإِخۡوَ ٰنِهِمُ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنۡ أَهۡلِ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبِ لَىِٕنۡ أُخۡرِجۡتُمۡ لَنَخۡرُجَنَّ مَعَكُمۡ وَلَا نُطِیعُ فِیكُمۡ أَحَدًا أَبَدࣰا وَإِن قُوتِلۡتُمۡ لَنَنصُرَنَّكُمۡ وَٱللَّهُ یَشۡهَدُ إِنَّهُمۡ لَكَـٰذِبُونَ ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
Have you [Prophet] considered the hypocrites who say to their fellows, the faithless among the People of the Book, ‘If you are driven out, we shall go with you- we would never listen to anyone who sought to harm you- and if you are attacked, we shall certainly come to your aid’? God bears witness that they are in fact liars
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لَىِٕنۡ أُخۡرِجُوا۟ لَا یَخۡرُجُونَ مَعَهُمۡ وَلَىِٕن قُوتِلُوا۟ لَا یَنصُرُونَهُمۡ وَلَىِٕن نَّصَرُوهُمۡ لَیُوَلُّنَّ ٱلۡأَدۡبَـٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا یُنصَرُونَ ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
if they are driven out, they will never leave with them; if they are attacked, they will never help them. Even if they did come to their aid, they would soon turn tail and flee- in the end they would have no help
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لَأَنتُمۡ أَشَدُّ رَهۡبَةࣰ فِی صُدُورِهِم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِۚ ذَ ٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمࣱ لَّا یَفۡقَهُونَ ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
Fear of you [believers] is more intense in their hearts than fear of God because they are people devoid of understanding
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لَا یُقَـٰتِلُونَكُمۡ جَمِیعًا إِلَّا فِی قُرࣰى مُّحَصَّنَةٍ أَوۡ مِن وَرَاۤءِ جُدُرِۭۚ بَأۡسُهُم بَیۡنَهُمۡ شَدِیدࣱۚ تَحۡسَبُهُمۡ جَمِیعࣰا وَقُلُوبُهُمۡ شَتَّىٰۚ ذَ ٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمࣱ لَّا یَعۡقِلُونَ ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
Even united they would never fight you, except from within fortified strongholds or behind high walls. There is much hostility between them: you think they are united but their hearts are divided because they are people devoid of reason
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كَمَثَلِ ٱلَّذِینَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ قَرِیبࣰاۖ ذَاقُوا۟ وَبَالَ أَمۡرِهِمۡ وَلَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِیمࣱ ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
Like those who went just before them, they have tasted the result of their conduct and a painful punishment awaits them
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كَمَثَلِ ٱلشَّیۡطَـٰنِ إِذۡ قَالَ لِلۡإِنسَـٰنِ ٱكۡفُرۡ فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ قَالَ إِنِّی بَرِیۤءࣱ مِّنكَ إِنِّیۤ أَخَافُ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّ ٱلۡعَـٰلَمِینَ ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
Like Satan, who says to man, ‘Do not believe!’ but when man disbelieves, says, ‘I disown you; I fear God, the Lord of the Worlds,’
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فَكَانَ عَـٰقِبَتَهُمَاۤ أَنَّهُمَا فِی ٱلنَّارِ خَـٰلِدَیۡنِ فِیهَاۚ وَذَ ٰلِكَ جَزَ ٰۤؤُا۟ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِینَ ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
both will end up in the Fire, there to remain. That is the reward of evildoers
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یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَلۡتَنظُرۡ نَفۡسࣱ مَّا قَدَّمَتۡ لِغَدࣲۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَبِیرُۢ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
You who believe! Be mindful of God, and let every soul consider carefully what it sends ahead for tomorrow; be mindful of God, for God is well aware of everything you do
Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani

O you who have faith, be wary of God and let every soul consider what it has sent on ahead for tomorrow, and be wary of God. In this one verse He mentions godwariness twice. First is the godwariness of the common people, namely the avoidance of forbidden things. Second is the godwariness of the elect, namely the avoidance of everything other than the Real. It has also been said that the first alludes to the root of godwariness and the second to the perfection of godwariness. No one can pass over the steep road of the resurrection without the perfection of godwariness. One must be detached from all objects of desire, one must seize on not reaching one's desires, and one must consider all sweet drinks as poison. When someone's feet reach this point, he has reached the perfection of godwariness. WāsiṬī said, “When the folk of godwariness act proudly toward the sons of this world, they are making claims in godwariness.” For, if this world had no impact on their hearts, they would not be proud about turning away from it. A great one said, “This world is a shard of pottery seen in a dream. The next world is a pearl found in wakefulness. The man is not someone who is wary of a shard in a dream-the manly man is he who is wary of a pearl found in wakefulness.” In short, know that the steps of the travelers in the road of godwariness are three: The step of the Shariah illuminates the door of the bodily frame. The step of the Tariqah illuminates the door of the heart. The step of the Haqiqah illuminates the door of the spirit. When those who travel in the bodily frame arrive, the hospitality of Surely the godwary will be in the midst of gardens and a river [54:54] will be brought for them. When those who travel in the heart arrive, the hospitality of a seat of truthfulness [54:55] will be brought for them. When those who travel in the spirit arrive, the hospitality of at an Omnipotent King [54:55] will be brought for them.

O you who have faith, be wary of God and let every soul consider what it has sent on ahead for tomorrow, and be wary of God. In this one verse He mentions godwariness twice. First is the godwariness of the common people, namely the avoidance of forbidden things. Second is the godwariness of the elect, namely the avoidance of everything other than the Real. It has also been said that the first alludes to the root of godwariness and the second to the perfection of godwariness. No one can pass over the steep road of the resurrection without the perfection of godwariness. One must be detached from all objects of desire, one must seize on not reaching one's desires, and one must consider all sweet drinks as poison. When someone's feet reach this point, he has reached the perfection of godwariness. WāsiṬī said, “When the folk of godwariness act proudly toward the sons of this world, they are making claims in godwariness.” For, if this world had no impact on their hearts, they would not be proud about turning away from it. A great one said, “This world is a shard of pottery seen in a dream. The next world is a pearl found in wakefulness. The man is not someone who is wary of a shard in a dream-the manly man is he who is wary of a pearl found in wakefulness.” In short, know that the steps of the travelers in the road of godwariness are three: The step of the Shariah illuminates the door of the bodily frame. The step of the Tariqah illuminates the door of the heart. The step of the Haqiqah illuminates the door of the spirit. When those who travel in the bodily frame arrive, the hospitality of Surely the godwary will be in the midst of gardens and a river [54:54] will be brought for them. When those who travel in the heart arrive, the hospitality of a seat of truthfulness [54:55] will be brought for them. When those who travel in the spirit arrive, the hospitality of at an Omnipotent King [54:55] will be brought for them.

Connections 2 multi-source 5 single-source 4 commentators
Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَلَا تَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِینَ نَسُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ فَأَنسَىٰهُمۡ أَنفُسَهُمۡۚ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلۡفَـٰسِقُونَ ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
Do not be like those who forget God, so God causes them to forget their own souls: they are the rebellious ones
Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

لَا یَسۡتَوِیۤ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ وَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِۚ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ هُمُ ٱلۡفَاۤىِٕزُونَ ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
there is no comparison between the inhabitants of the Fire and the inhabitants of Paradise- and the inhabitants of Paradise are the successful ones
Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

لَوۡ أَنزَلۡنَا هَـٰذَا ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ عَلَىٰ جَبَلࣲ لَّرَأَیۡتَهُۥ خَـٰشِعࣰا مُّتَصَدِّعࣰا مِّنۡ خَشۡیَةِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَتِلۡكَ ٱلۡأَمۡثَـٰلُ نَضۡرِبُهَا لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ یَتَفَكَّرُونَ ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
If We had sent this Quran down to a mountain, you [Prophet] would have seen it humbled and split apart in its awe of God: We offer people such illustrations so that they may reflect
Connections 10 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (10) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِی لَاۤ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَۖ عَـٰلِمُ ٱلۡغَیۡبِ وَٱلشَّهَـٰدَةِۖ هُوَ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنُ ٱلرَّحِیمُ ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
He is God: there is no god other than Him. It is He who knows what is hidden as well as what is in the open, He is the Lord of Mercy, the Giver of Mercy
Connections 10 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (10) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِی لَاۤ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلۡمَلِكُ ٱلۡقُدُّوسُ ٱلسَّلَـٰمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُ ٱلۡمُهَیۡمِنُ ٱلۡعَزِیزُ ٱلۡجَبَّارُ ٱلۡمُتَكَبِّرُۚ سُبۡحَـٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا یُشۡرِكُونَ ۝٢٣
Abdel Haleem
He is God: there is no god other than Him, the Controller, the Holy One, Source of Peace, Granter of Security, Guardian over all, the Almighty, the Compeller, the Truly Great; God is far above anything they consider to be His partner
Connections 10 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (10) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡخَـٰلِقُ ٱلۡبَارِئُ ٱلۡمُصَوِّرُۖ لَهُ ٱلۡأَسۡمَاۤءُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ یُسَبِّحُ لَهُۥ مَا فِی ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِیزُ ٱلۡحَكِیمُ ۝٢٤
Abdel Haleem
He is God: the Creator, the Originator, the Shaper. The best names belong to Him. Everything in the heavens and earth glorifies Him: He is the Almighty, the Wise
Connections 1 multi-source 9 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

Single-source mentions (9) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.