Kashani Tafsir

Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani — b. 650 AH / 1252 CE · d. 730 AH / 1329 CE Sunni (Sufi) Akbari Sufi (school of Ibn Arabi)

Kashani Tafsir al-Fajr الفَجْر (The Dawn, Daybreak) 30 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
89:1 ›
وَالْفَجْرِ
Abdel Haleem
By the Daybreak
Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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89:2 ›
وَلَيَالٍ عَشْرٍ
Abdel Haleem
by the Ten Nights
Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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89:3 ›
وَالشَّفْعِ وَالْوَتْرِ
Abdel Haleem
by the even and the odd
Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani

By the even and the odd! By the even! By all the creatures of the cosmos! For He created them all in pairs, two by two, whether linked to each other or opposed to each other, like male and female, day and night, light and darkness, heaven and earth, ocean and land, sun and moon, jinn and mankind, obedience and disobedience, felicity and wretchedness, exaltation and abasement, power and incapacity, strength and weakness, knowledge and ignorance, life and death. He created the attributes of creatures like this-opposed to each other or paired with each other-so that they would not resemble the attributes of the Creator, for His exaltation has no abasement, His power no incapacity, His strength no weakness, His knowledge no ignorance, His life no death, and His subsistence no annihilation. Hence, He is the odd: alone and unique. The rest are all the even: paired with each other. Some of the scholars have said that the even are Mount Safa and Mount Marwa, and the odd is the Kaabah. The even are Holy Mosque and the mosque of Medina, and the odd is the Aqsa Mosque. The even are day and night, paired with each other, and the odd is the Day of Resurrection, which has no day and night. The even are the soul and spirit, which are linked today, and the odd is the spirit tomorrow when it is separate from the frame. The even are desire and intention, and the odd is aspiration, a stranger without anyone. The even are the renouncer and the worshiper, each other's comrades, and the odd is the desirer, who travels alone, without comrade and companion. Isolated from friends in every land- the greater the sought, the fewer the helpers. Abraham claimed to be a desirer and said, “And I will withdraw from you and what you call upon apart from God [19:48]. Surely they are an enemy to me, save the Lord of the Worlds [26:77]. Surely I have turned my face toward Him who originated the heavens and the earth, unswerving [6:79].” Wherever in the world there was a link or a joining, he disowned it. He raised up his voice: “Surely I am going to my Lord; He will guide me” [37:99]. A little something remained with him, but he did not know it.

By the even and the odd! By the even! By all the creatures of the cosmos! For He created them all in pairs, two by two, whether linked to each other or opposed to each other, like male and female, day and night, light and darkness, heaven and earth, ocean and land, sun and moon, jinn and mankind, obedience and disobedience, felicity and wretchedness, exaltation and abasement, power and incapacity, strength and weakness, knowledge and ignorance, life and death. He created the attributes of creatures like this-opposed to each other or paired with each other-so that they would not resemble the attributes of the Creator, for His exaltation has no abasement, His power no incapacity, His strength no weakness, His knowledge no ignorance, His life no death, and His subsistence no annihilation. Hence, He is the odd: alone and unique. The rest are all the even: paired with each other. Some of the scholars have said that the even are Mount Safa and Mount Marwa, and the odd is the Kaabah. The even are Holy Mosque and the mosque of Medina, and the odd is the Aqsa Mosque. The even are day and night, paired with each other, and the odd is the Day of Resurrection, which has no day and night. The even are the soul and spirit, which are linked today, and the odd is the spirit tomorrow when it is separate from the frame. The even are desire and intention, and the odd is aspiration, a stranger without anyone. The even are the renouncer and the worshiper, each other's comrades, and the odd is the desirer, who travels alone, without comrade and companion. Isolated from friends in every land- the greater the sought, the fewer the helpers. Abraham claimed to be a desirer and said, “And I will withdraw from you and what you call upon apart from God [19:48]. Surely they are an enemy to me, save the Lord of the Worlds [26:77]. Surely I have turned my face toward Him who originated the heavens and the earth, unswerving [6:79].” Wherever in the world there was a link or a joining, he disowned it. He raised up his voice: “Surely I am going to my Lord; He will guide me” [37:99]. A little something remained with him, but he did not know it.

Connections 4 multi-source 10 single-source 4 commentators

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89:4 ›
وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَسْرِ
Abdel Haleem
by the passing night––
Connections 13 single-source 3 commentators

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89:5 ›
هَلْ فِي ذَٰلِكَ قَسَمٌ لِّذِي حِجْرٍ
Abdel Haleem
is this oath strong enough for a rational person
Connections 10 single-source 2 commentators

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89:6 ›
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِعَادٍ
Abdel Haleem
Have you [Prophet] considered how your Lord dealt with [the people] of 'Ad
Connections 9 single-source 2 commentators

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89:7 ›
إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ
Abdel Haleem
of Iram, [the city] of lofty pillars
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:8 ›
الَّتِي لَمْ يُخْلَقْ مِثْلُهَا فِي الْبِلَادِ
Abdel Haleem
whose like has never been made in any land
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:9 ›
وَثَمُودَ الَّذِينَ جَابُوا الصَّخْرَ بِالْوَادِ
Abdel Haleem
and the Thamud, who hewed into the rocks in the valley
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:10 ›
وَفِرْعَوْنَ ذِي الْأَوْتَادِ
Abdel Haleem
and the mighty and powerful Pharaoh
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:11 ›
الَّذِينَ طَغَوْا فِي الْبِلَادِ
Abdel Haleem
All of them committed excesses in their lands
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:12 ›
فَأَكْثَرُوا فِيهَا الْفَسَادَ
Abdel Haleem
and spread corruption there
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:13 ›
فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ سَوْطَ عَذَابٍ
Abdel Haleem
your Lord let a scourge of punishment loose on them
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:14 ›
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَبِالْمِرْصَادِ
Abdel Haleem
Your Lord is always watchful
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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89:15 ›
فَأَمَّا الْإِنسَانُ إِذَا مَا ابْتَلَاهُ رَبُّهُ فَأَكْرَمَهُ وَنَعَّمَهُ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّي أَكْرَمَنِ
Abdel Haleem
[The nature of] man is that, when his Lord tries him through honour and blessings, he says, ‘My Lord has honoured me,’
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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89:16 ›
وَأَمَّا إِذَا مَا ابْتَلَاهُ فَقَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقَهُ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّي أَهَانَنِ
Abdel Haleem
but when He tries him through the restriction of his provision, he says, ‘My Lord has humiliated me.’
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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89:17 ›
كَلَّا بَل لَّا تُكْرِمُونَ الْيَتِيمَ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! You [people] do not honour orphans
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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89:18 ›
وَلَا تَحَاضُّونَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامِ الْمِسْكِينِ
Abdel Haleem
you do not urge one another to feed the poor
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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89:19 ›
وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ أَكْلًا لَّمًّا
Abdel Haleem
you consume inheritance greedily
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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89:20 ›
وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبًّا جَمًّا
Abdel Haleem
and you love wealth with a passion
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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89:21 ›
كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ دَكًّا دَكًّا
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! When the earth is pounded to dust, pounded and pounded
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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89:22 ›
وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ صَفًّا صَفًّا
Abdel Haleem
when your Lord comes with the angels, rank upon rank
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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89:23 ›
وَجِيءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِجَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الْإِنسَانُ وَأَنَّىٰ لَهُ الذِّكْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
when Hell is that Day brought near- on that Day man will take heed, but what good will that be to him then
89:24 ›
يَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِي
Abdel Haleem
He will say, ‘Would that I had provided for this life to come!’
89:25 ›
فَيَوْمَئِذٍ لَّا يُعَذِّبُ عَذَابَهُ أَحَدٌ
Abdel Haleem
On that Day, no one will punish as He punishes
89:26 ›
وَلَا يُوثِقُ وَثَاقَهُ أَحَدٌ
Abdel Haleem
and no one will bind as He binds
89:27 ›
يَا أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ
Abdel Haleem
‘[But] you, soul at peace
Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani

O serene soul, return to thy Lord, approving, approved! Three hundred sixty gazes come from the Holy Dominion and with each gaze the request, “Re- turn!: Is it not yet time to come back to Me and make do with Me? Is it not yet time to be Mine? “O falcon taken to the sky, come back, don't go! My fingers hold the end of your thread! “And beware! When you come, do not come by way of this world, lest your feet sink in the mud, and do not come by way of the soul, lest you not reach Us. The heart has access to Our Threshold, and nothing else has any road or access.” A great man was asked, “What is the road to the Real?” He said, “It is not step by step, rather heart by heart, and spirit by spirit. Go by the spirit to reach the Threshold, go by the heart to reach the Gate.” The blood of the sincerely truthful was purified and made into a road- unless the spirit takes a step in this road, you will have no access. Happy will be the day when they break this cage and call back the captive bird, removing the cus- toms of dust-dwellers from the road of those given proximity. The satan concealed in the form of Adamic nature will leave and the angelic substance will show the face of its beauty. Enemy will be separated from friend. My dear, do not suppose that Azrael has been sent to turn you away from what you are. He pulls the wrap of human nature away from the heart's face and looks at the heart's scars. If he sees the mark of recognition in the scars of servanthood, he goes back with respect and says, “I cannot intervene in this quarry, for these goods belong to the Real.” He says, “O Exalted Lord! I do not have the gall to intervene there.” Such a man is one of those concerning whom the Splendorous Qur'an reports, “God takes the souls at the time of their death” [39:42]. My dear, be careful not to be one of those whose souls Azrael is ashamed to take. Rather, be one of those into the presence of whose spirit Azrael does not dare to enter.

O serene soul, return to thy Lord, approving, approved! Three hundred sixty gazes come from the Holy Dominion and with each gaze the request, “Re- turn!: Is it not yet time to come back to Me and make do with Me? Is it not yet time to be Mine? “O falcon taken to the sky, come back, don't go! My fingers hold the end of your thread! “And beware! When you come, do not come by way of this world, lest your feet sink in the mud, and do not come by way of the soul, lest you not reach Us. The heart has access to Our Threshold, and nothing else has any road or access.” A great man was asked, “What is the road to the Real?” He said, “It is not step by step, rather heart by heart, and spirit by spirit. Go by the spirit to reach the Threshold, go by the heart to reach the Gate.” The blood of the sincerely truthful was purified and made into a road- unless the spirit takes a step in this road, you will have no access. Happy will be the day when they break this cage and call back the captive bird, removing the cus- toms of dust-dwellers from the road of those given proximity. The satan concealed in the form of Adamic nature will leave and the angelic substance will show the face of its beauty. Enemy will be separated from friend. My dear, do not suppose that Azrael has been sent to turn you away from what you are. He pulls the wrap of human nature away from the heart's face and looks at the heart's scars. If he sees the mark of recognition in the scars of servanthood, he goes back with respect and says, “I cannot intervene in this quarry, for these goods belong to the Real.” He says, “O Exalted Lord! I do not have the gall to intervene there.” Such a man is one of those concerning whom the Splendorous Qur'an reports, “God takes the souls at the time of their death” [39:42]. My dear, be careful not to be one of those whose souls Azrael is ashamed to take. Rather, be one of those into the presence of whose spirit Azrael does not dare to enter.

Connections 1 multi-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:28 ›
ارْجِعِي إِلَىٰ رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَّرْضِيَّةً
Abdel Haleem
return to your Lord well pleased and well pleasing
Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani

O serene soul, return to thy Lord, approving, approved! Three hundred sixty gazes come from the Holy Dominion and with each gaze the request, “Re- turn!: Is it not yet time to come back to Me and make do with Me? Is it not yet time to be Mine? “O falcon taken to the sky, come back, don't go! My fingers hold the end of your thread! “And beware! When you come, do not come by way of this world, lest your feet sink in the mud, and do not come by way of the soul, lest you not reach Us. The heart has access to Our Threshold, and nothing else has any road or access.” A great man was asked, “What is the road to the Real?” He said, “It is not step by step, rather heart by heart, and spirit by spirit. Go by the spirit to reach the Threshold, go by the heart to reach the Gate.” The blood of the sincerely truthful was purified and made into a road- unless the spirit takes a step in this road, you will have no access. Happy will be the day when they break this cage and call back the captive bird, removing the cus- toms of dust-dwellers from the road of those given proximity. The satan concealed in the form of Adamic nature will leave and the angelic substance will show the face of its beauty. Enemy will be separated from friend. My dear, do not suppose that Azrael has been sent to turn you away from what you are. He pulls the wrap of human nature away from the heart's face and looks at the heart's scars. If he sees the mark of recognition in the scars of servanthood, he goes back with respect and says, “I cannot intervene in this quarry, for these goods belong to the Real.” He says, “O Exalted Lord! I do not have the gall to intervene there.” Such a man is one of those concerning whom the Splendorous Qur'an reports, “God takes the souls at the time of their death” [39:42]. My dear, be careful not to be one of those whose souls Azrael is ashamed to take. Rather, be one of those into the presence of whose spirit Azrael does not dare to enter.

O serene soul, return to thy Lord, approving, approved! Three hundred sixty gazes come from the Holy Dominion and with each gaze the request, “Re- turn!: Is it not yet time to come back to Me and make do with Me? Is it not yet time to be Mine? “O falcon taken to the sky, come back, don't go! My fingers hold the end of your thread! “And beware! When you come, do not come by way of this world, lest your feet sink in the mud, and do not come by way of the soul, lest you not reach Us. The heart has access to Our Threshold, and nothing else has any road or access.” A great man was asked, “What is the road to the Real?” He said, “It is not step by step, rather heart by heart, and spirit by spirit. Go by the spirit to reach the Threshold, go by the heart to reach the Gate.” The blood of the sincerely truthful was purified and made into a road- unless the spirit takes a step in this road, you will have no access. Happy will be the day when they break this cage and call back the captive bird, removing the cus- toms of dust-dwellers from the road of those given proximity. The satan concealed in the form of Adamic nature will leave and the angelic substance will show the face of its beauty. Enemy will be separated from friend. My dear, do not suppose that Azrael has been sent to turn you away from what you are. He pulls the wrap of human nature away from the heart's face and looks at the heart's scars. If he sees the mark of recognition in the scars of servanthood, he goes back with respect and says, “I cannot intervene in this quarry, for these goods belong to the Real.” He says, “O Exalted Lord! I do not have the gall to intervene there.” Such a man is one of those concerning whom the Splendorous Qur'an reports, “God takes the souls at the time of their death” [39:42]. My dear, be careful not to be one of those whose souls Azrael is ashamed to take. Rather, be one of those into the presence of whose spirit Azrael does not dare to enter.

Connections 1 multi-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:29 ›
فَادْخُلِي فِي عِبَادِي
Abdel Haleem
go in among My servants
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

89:30 ›
وَادْخُلِي جَنَّتِي
Abdel Haleem
and into My Garden.’
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