Kashani Tafsir

Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani — b. 650 AH / 1252 CE · d. 730 AH / 1329 CE Sunni (Sufi) Akbari Sufi (school of Ibn Arabi)

Kashani Tafsir al-Hujurat الحُجُرَات (The Private Apartments, The Inner Apartments, The Chambers) 18 verses · Medinan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
49:1 ›
۞ یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تُقَدِّمُوا۟ بَیۡنَ یَدَیِ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِیعٌ عَلِیمࣱ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
Believers, do not push yourselves forward in the presence of God and His Messenger––be mindful of God: He hears and knows all––
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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49:2 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَرۡفَعُوۤا۟ أَصۡوَ ٰتَكُمۡ فَوۡقَ صَوۡتِ ٱلنَّبِیِّ وَلَا تَجۡهَرُوا۟ لَهُۥ بِٱلۡقَوۡلِ كَجَهۡرِ بَعۡضِكُمۡ لِبَعۡضٍ أَن تَحۡبَطَ أَعۡمَـٰلُكُمۡ وَأَنتُمۡ لَا تَشۡعُرُونَ ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
believers, do not raise your voices above the Prophet’s, do not raise your voice when speaking to him as you do to one another, or your [good] deeds may be cancelled out without you knowing
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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49:3 ›
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِینَ یَغُضُّونَ أَصۡوَ ٰتَهُمۡ عِندَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ ٱلَّذِینَ ٱمۡتَحَنَ ٱللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمۡ لِلتَّقۡوَىٰۚ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةࣱ وَأَجۡرٌ عَظِیمٌ ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
It is those who lower their voices in the presence of God’s Messenger whose hearts God has proved to be aware––they will have forgiveness, and a great reward––
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:4 ›
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِینَ یُنَادُونَكَ مِن وَرَاۤءِ ٱلۡحُجُرَ ٰتِ أَكۡثَرُهُمۡ لَا یَعۡقِلُونَ ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
but most of those who shout to you [Prophet] from outside your private rooms lack understanding
49:5 ›
وَلَوۡ أَنَّهُمۡ صَبَرُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ تَخۡرُجَ إِلَیۡهِمۡ لَكَانَ خَیۡرࣰا لَّهُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
It would have been better for them if they had waited patiently for you to come out to them but God is all forgiving and merciful
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:6 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوۤا۟ إِن جَاۤءَكُمۡ فَاسِقُۢ بِنَبَإࣲ فَتَبَیَّنُوۤا۟ أَن تُصِیبُوا۟ قَوۡمَۢا بِجَهَـٰلَةࣲ فَتُصۡبِحُوا۟ عَلَىٰ مَا فَعَلۡتُمۡ نَـٰدِمِینَ ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
Believers, if a troublemaker brings you news, check it first, in case you wrong others unwittingly and later regret what you have done
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:7 ›
وَٱعۡلَمُوۤا۟ أَنَّ فِیكُمۡ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِۚ لَوۡ یُطِیعُكُمۡ فِی كَثِیرࣲ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَمۡرِ لَعَنِتُّمۡ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ حَبَّبَ إِلَیۡكُمُ ٱلۡإِیمَـٰنَ وَزَیَّنَهُۥ فِی قُلُوبِكُمۡ وَكَرَّهَ إِلَیۡكُمُ ٱلۡكُفۡرَ وَٱلۡفُسُوقَ وَٱلۡعِصۡیَانَۚ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلرَّ ٰشِدُونَ ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
and be aware that it is God’s Messenger who is among you: in many matters you would certainly suffer if he were to follow your wishes. God has endeared faith to you and made it beautiful to your hearts; He has made disbelief, mischief, and disobedience hateful to you. It is people like this who are rightly guide
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:8 ›
فَضۡلࣰا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَنِعۡمَةࣰۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِیمٌ حَكِیمࣱ ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
through God’s favour and blessing: God is all knowing and all wise
49:9 ›
وَإِن طَاۤىِٕفَتَانِ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ ٱقۡتَتَلُوا۟ فَأَصۡلِحُوا۟ بَیۡنَهُمَاۖ فَإِنۢ بَغَتۡ إِحۡدَىٰهُمَا عَلَى ٱلۡأُخۡرَىٰ فَقَـٰتِلُوا۟ ٱلَّتِی تَبۡغِی حَتَّىٰ تَفِیۤءَ إِلَىٰۤ أَمۡرِ ٱللَّهِۚ فَإِن فَاۤءَتۡ فَأَصۡلِحُوا۟ بَیۡنَهُمَا بِٱلۡعَدۡلِ وَأَقۡسِطُوۤا۟ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ یُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِینَ ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
If two groups of the believers fight, you [believers] should try to reconcile them; if one of them is [clearly] oppressing the other, fight the oppressors until they submit to God’s command, then make a just and even-handed reconciliation between the two of them: God loves those who are even-handed
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:10 ›
إِنَّمَا ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ إِخۡوَةࣱ فَأَصۡلِحُوا۟ بَیۡنَ أَخَوَیۡكُمۡۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُرۡحَمُونَ ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
The believers are brothers, so make peace between your two brothers and be mindful of God, so that you may be given mercy
Abd al-Razzaq al-Kashani

The faithful indeed are siblings. O You who make every existent thing appear! O You who accept every burning sigh! O You whose generosity assures the daily provision of the servants! O You whose kingship is secure from annihilation and disappearance! No one debases the one You have exalted. No one throws down the one You have pulled up. No one can covet the one with Your brand. The faithful have all been branded by You. They have been pulled up by Your compassion and caressed by Your gentleness. In the alternations of created nature and the states of mortal nature, they keep their feet within the circle of duty on the center point of approval. Sometimes like a cypress they are in the station of seclusion in the meadow, sometimes like a polo mallet they are in the station of service. It is they who were caressed by the Lord of the Worlds in the Beginningless, when brother- hood was established among them, for the faithful indeed are siblings. This is a brotherhood that will never be cut off, a kinship that will never be broken, a lineage that will be joined with the End- less. It is to this that the report refers, “Every tie and lineage will be cut on the Day of Resurrection, save my tie and my lineage.” What is meant by this is the lineage of the religion and godwariness, not the lineage of water and clay. If it were the lineage of water and clay, Abū Lahab and Abū Jahl would have a portion of it. It is this to which He alludes with the words, “Surely the noblest of you with God is the most godwary” [49:13]. O chevalier! You know that all the faithful are your brothers and kinsmen in the lineage of faith and godwariness. Attend to the rightful due of brotherhood and the stipulations of kinship. Live in agreeableness with them, choose the road of preferring others and chivalry, and serve them without recompense. If they sin, excuse them. If they are ill, visit them. Put your own portion totally off to the side and increase their portion. This is the rightful due of brotherhood. If you have the head for it, then enter. Otherwise, emigrate. Dhu'l-Nūn was asked, “With whom should we be companions and with whom should we come and go?” He said, “With him who does not own, who does not censure any state of yours, and who does not change when you change.

The faithful indeed are siblings. O You who make every existent thing appear! O You who accept every burning sigh! O You whose generosity assures the daily provision of the servants! O You whose kingship is secure from annihilation and disappearance! No one debases the one You have exalted. No one throws down the one You have pulled up. No one can covet the one with Your brand. The faithful have all been branded by You. They have been pulled up by Your compassion and caressed by Your gentleness. In the alternations of created nature and the states of mortal nature, they keep their feet within the circle of duty on the center point of approval. Sometimes like a cypress they are in the station of seclusion in the meadow, sometimes like a polo mallet they are in the station of service. It is they who were caressed by the Lord of the Worlds in the Beginningless, when brother- hood was established among them, for the faithful indeed are siblings. This is a brotherhood that will never be cut off, a kinship that will never be broken, a lineage that will be joined with the End- less. It is to this that the report refers, “Every tie and lineage will be cut on the Day of Resurrection, save my tie and my lineage.” What is meant by this is the lineage of the religion and godwariness, not the lineage of water and clay. If it were the lineage of water and clay, Abū Lahab and Abū Jahl would have a portion of it. It is this to which He alludes with the words, “Surely the noblest of you with God is the most godwary” [49:13]. O chevalier! You know that all the faithful are your brothers and kinsmen in the lineage of faith and godwariness. Attend to the rightful due of brotherhood and the stipulations of kinship. Live in agreeableness with them, choose the road of preferring others and chivalry, and serve them without recompense. If they sin, excuse them. If they are ill, visit them. Put your own portion totally off to the side and increase their portion. This is the rightful due of brotherhood. If you have the head for it, then enter. Otherwise, emigrate. Dhu'l-Nūn was asked, “With whom should we be companions and with whom should we come and go?” He said, “With him who does not own, who does not censure any state of yours, and who does not change when you change.

Connections 1 multi-source 2 single-source 4 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:11 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا یَسۡخَرۡ قَوۡمࣱ مِّن قَوۡمٍ عَسَىٰۤ أَن یَكُونُوا۟ خَیۡرࣰا مِّنۡهُمۡ وَلَا نِسَاۤءࣱ مِّن نِّسَاۤءٍ عَسَىٰۤ أَن یَكُنَّ خَیۡرࣰا مِّنۡهُنَّۖ وَلَا تَلۡمِزُوۤا۟ أَنفُسَكُمۡ وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا۟ بِٱلۡأَلۡقَـٰبِۖ بِئۡسَ الْاِسْمُ ٱلۡفُسُوقُ بَعۡدَ ٱلۡإِیمَـٰنِۚ وَمَن لَّمۡ یَتُبۡ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
Believers, no one group of men should jeer at another, who may after all be better than them; no one group of women should jeer at another, who may after all be better than them; do not speak ill of one another; do not use offensive nicknames for one another. How bad it is to be called a mischief-maker after accepting faith! Those who do not repent of this behaviour are evildoers
Connections 1 multi-source 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:12 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱجۡتَنِبُوا۟ كَثِیرࣰا مِّنَ ٱلظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعۡضَ ٱلظَّنِّ إِثۡمࣱۖ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا۟ وَلَا یَغۡتَب بَّعۡضُكُم بَعۡضًاۚ أَیُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمۡ أَن یَأۡكُلَ لَحۡمَ أَخِیهِ مَیۡتࣰا فَكَرِهۡتُمُوهُۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ تَوَّابࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
Believers, avoid making too many assumptions- some assumptions are sinful- and do not spy on one another or speak ill of people behind their backs: would any of you like to eat the flesh of your dead brother? No, you would hate it. So be mindful of God: God is ever relenting, most merciful
Connections 1 multi-source 3 single-source 3 commentators

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49:13 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقۡنَـٰكُم مِّن ذَكَرࣲ وَأُنثَىٰ وَجَعَلۡنَـٰكُمۡ شُعُوبࣰا وَقَبَاۤىِٕلَ لِتَعَارَفُوۤا۟ۚ إِنَّ أَكۡرَمَكُمۡ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَتۡقَىٰكُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِیمٌ خَبِیرࣱ ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
People, We created you all from a single man and a single woman, and made you into races and tribes so that you should recognize one another. In God’s eyes, the most honoured of you are the ones most mindful of Him: God is all knowing, all aware
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:14 ›
۞ قَالَتِ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابُ ءَامَنَّاۖ قُل لَّمۡ تُؤۡمِنُوا۟ وَلَـٰكِن قُولُوۤا۟ أَسۡلَمۡنَا وَلَمَّا یَدۡخُلِ ٱلۡإِیمَـٰنُ فِی قُلُوبِكُمۡۖ وَإِن تُطِیعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ لَا یَلِتۡكُم مِّنۡ أَعۡمَـٰلِكُمۡ شَیۡءًاۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِیمٌ ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
The desert Arabs say, ‘We have faith.’ [Prophet], tell them, ‘You do not have faith. What you should say instead is, “We have submitted,” for faith has not yet entered your hearts.’ If you obey God and His Messenger, He will not diminish any of your deeds: He is most forgiving and most merciful
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:15 ›
إِنَّمَا ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ ثُمَّ لَمۡ یَرۡتَابُوا۟ وَجَـٰهَدُوا۟ بِأَمۡوَ ٰلِهِمۡ وَأَنفُسِهِمۡ فِی سَبِیلِ ٱللَّهِۚ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلصَّـٰدِقُونَ ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
The true believers are the ones who have faith in God and His Messenger and leave all doubt behind, the ones who have struggled with their possessions and their persons in God’s way: they are the ones who are true
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

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49:16 ›
قُلۡ أَتُعَلِّمُونَ ٱللَّهَ بِدِینِكُمۡ وَٱللَّهُ یَعۡلَمُ مَا فِی ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَمَا فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَیۡءٍ عَلِیمࣱ ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘Do you presume to teach God about your religion, when God knows everything in the heavens and earth, and He has full knowledge of all things?’
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:17 ›
یَمُنُّونَ عَلَیۡكَ أَنۡ أَسۡلَمُوا۟ۖ قُل لَّا تَمُنُّوا۟ عَلَیَّ إِسۡلَـٰمَكُمۖ بَلِ ٱللَّهُ یَمُنُّ عَلَیۡكُمۡ أَنۡ هَدَىٰكُمۡ لِلۡإِیمَـٰنِ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَـٰدِقِینَ ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
They think they have done you [Prophet] a favour by submitting. Say, ‘Do not consider your submission a favour to me; it is God who has done you a favour, by guiding you to faith, if you are truly sincere.’
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

49:18 ›
إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ یَعۡلَمُ غَیۡبَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِیرُۢ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
God knows the secrets of the heavens and earth: He sees everything you do
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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