Tafsir al-Jalalayn al-Balad البَلَد (The City, This Countryside) 20 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
لَا أُقْسِمُ بِهَٰذَا الْبَلَدِ
Abdel Haleem
I swear by this city––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

I swear lā is extra by this land of Mecca

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وَأَنتَ حِلٌّ بِهَٰذَا الْبَلَدِ
Abdel Haleem
and you [Prophet] are an inhabitant of this city––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and you O Muhammad (s) have free disposal of sanction for this land in that you will be given permission to fight in it — and indeed God fulfilled this promise to him on the day of the Conquest of Mecca thus this is a parenthetical statement intervening between that by which the oath has been sworn and that which is a supplement thereto.

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وَوَالِدٍ وَمَا وَلَدَ
Abdel Haleem
[I swear] by parent and offspring
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And by the begetter that is Adam and that which he begat that is his descendants mā ‘that which’ actually means man ‘whom’.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنسَانَ فِي كَبَدٍ
Abdel Haleem
that We have created man for toil and trial
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

We certainly created man al-insān the generic noun in travail in a state of toil and hardship struggling with the tribulations of this world and the calamities of the Hereafter.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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أَيَحْسَبُ أَن لَّن يَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ
Abdel Haleem
Does he think that no one will have power over him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Does he suppose does the strong man of Quraysh namely Abū’l-Ashadd b. Kalada presume on account of his strength that an softened in place of the hardened form its subject omitted that is to say annahu no one will have power over him? Yet God has power over him.

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يَقُولُ أَهْلَكْتُ مَالًا لُّبَدًا
Abdel Haleem
‘I have squandered great wealth,’ he says
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

He says ‘I have exhausted in enmity of Muhammad (s) vast wealth!’ great wealth piles and piles of it.

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أَيَحْسَبُ أَن لَّمْ يَرَهُ أَحَدٌ
Abdel Haleem
Does he think no one observes him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Does he suppose that an in other words annahu no one has seen him? with regard to what he has expended to know the quantity thereof; God knows the quantity thereof; but it is not in reality that much so as to be considered a great amount and in any case He will requite him for his evil conduct.

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أَلَمْ نَجْعَل لَّهُ عَيْنَيْنِ
Abdel Haleem
Did We not give him eyes
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Have We not given an interrogative meant as an affirmative in other words ‘We have certainly given’ him two eyes

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وَلِسَانًا وَشَفَتَيْنِ
Abdel Haleem
a tongue, lips
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and a tongue and two lips

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وَهَدَيْنَاهُ النَّجْدَيْنِ
Abdel Haleem
and point out to him the two clear ways [of good and evil]
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and guided him to the two paths? did We not point out to him the path of good and that of evil?

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فَلَا اقْتَحَمَ الْعَقَبَةَ
Abdel Haleem
Yet he has not attempted the steep path
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Yet why does he not assault the obstacle? why does he not surmount it?

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وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْعَقَبَةُ
Abdel Haleem
What will explain to you what the steep path is
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And what will show you what will make known to you what the obstacle is? that he is to surmount — intended to emphasise its enormity this statement is a parenthetical one. He explains the way to surmount it by saying

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فَكُّ رَقَبَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
It is to free a slave
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

the freeing of a slave from bondage

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أَوْ إِطْعَامٌ فِي يَوْمٍ ذِي مَسْغَبَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
to feed at a time of hunge
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

or to give food on a day of hunger

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يَتِيمًا ذَا مَقْرَبَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
an orphaned relativ
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

to an orphan near of kin maqraba means qarāba

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أَوْ مِسْكِينًا ذَا مَتْرَبَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
or a poor person in distress
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

or a needy person in misery matraba literally means ‘clinging to the dust turāb’ because of his poverty; a variant reading has two verbal nouns in place of the two verbs fakka ‘he freed’ and at‘ama ‘he fed’ the first being in a genitive construction fakku raqabatin ‘the freeing of a slave’ and the second with nunation it‘āmun ‘to give food’ in which case there is an implied iqtihāmu before al-‘aqaba of which the said reading becomes the explication;

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ثُمَّ كَانَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالصَّبْرِ وَتَوَاصَوْا بِالْمَرْحَمَةِ
Abdel Haleem
and to be one of those who believe and urge one another to steadfastness and compassion
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

while being thumma kāna is a supplement to iqtahama ‘he assaulted’; thumma is for the ordering of things to be mentioned in other words what is meant is that at the point of the assault he was one of those who believe and enjoin one another to steadfastness in pursuing obedience and in refraining from disobedience and enjoin one another to compassion marhama means rahma towards creatures.

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أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْمَيْمَنَةِ
Abdel Haleem
Those who do this will be on the right-hand side
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Those the ones described by the said attributes are the ones of the right side al-maymana means al-yamīn.

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وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِنَا هُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْمَشْأَمَةِ
Abdel Haleem
but those who disbelieve in Our revelations will be on the left-hand side
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

But those who disbelieve in Our signs they are the ones of the left side al-mash’ama means al-shimāl.

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عَلَيْهِمْ نَارٌ مُّؤْصَدَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
and the Fire will close in on them
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Over them will be an enclosing Fire read mu’sada or mūsada closed on top of them.

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