Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti — b. 791 AH / 1389 CE · d. 911 AH / 1505 CE Sunni Shafi'i

Tafsir al-Jalalayn al-Muzammil المُزَّمِّل (The Enshrouded One, Bundled Up, The Mantled One) 20 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
73:1 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلۡمُزَّمِّلُ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
You [Prophet], enfolded in your cloak
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

O you enwrapped in your garment! the Prophet al-muzzammil is actually al-mutazammil but the tā’ has been assimilated with the zāy that is to say the one who wraps himself up in his clothes when the Revelation Gabriel comes to him in fear of him because of his awe-inspiring presence.

Connections 12 single-source 1 commentator

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73:2 ›
قُمِ ٱلَّیۡلَ إِلَّا قَلِیلࣰا ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
Stay up throughout the night, all but a small part of it
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Stand vigil perform prayer through the night except a little

Connections 1 multi-source 12 single-source 2 commentators

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73:3 ›
نِّصۡفَهُۥۤ أَوِ ٱنقُصۡ مِنۡهُ قَلِیلًا ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
half, or a little less
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

a half of it nisfahu substitutes for qalīlan with ‘little’ being little by taking into account the whole night or reduce of it of the half a little up to a third

Connections 2 multi-source 11 single-source 2 commentators

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73:4 ›
أَوۡ زِدۡ عَلَیۡهِ وَرَتِّلِ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ تَرۡتِیلًا ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
or a little more; recite the Quran slowly and distinctly
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

or add to it up to two thirds aw implies free choice and recite the Qur’ān recite it carefully in a measured tone.

Connections 13 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:5 ›
إِنَّا سَنُلۡقِی عَلَیۡكَ قَوۡلࣰا ثَقِیلًا ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
We shall send a momentous message down to you
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Verily soon We shall cast on you a weighty an awe-inspiring or stern word a weighty Qur’ān because of the prescriptions imposed in it.

Connections 14 single-source 2 commentators

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Single-source mentions (14) cited by only one commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:6 ›
إِنَّ نَاشِئَةَ ٱلَّیۡلِ هِیَ أَشَدُّ وَطۡءࣰا وَأَقۡوَمُ قِیلًا ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
Night prayer makes a deeper impression and sharpens words––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Assuredly rising in the night to wake up after having been in sleep is firmer in tread more conducive to establishing harmony between the hearing and the heart for the purpose of comprehending the Qur’ān and more upright in respect to speech clearer for utterance of devotions.

Connections 15 single-source 2 commentators

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:7 ›
إِنَّ لَكَ فِی ٱلنَّهَارِ سَبۡحࣰا طَوِیلࣰا ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
you are kept busy for long periods of the day––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

For assuredly during the day you have extended engagements administering your affairs and you do not have the time to recite Qur’ān.

Connections 13 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (13) cited by only one commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:8 ›
وَٱذۡكُرِ ٱسۡمَ رَبِّكَ وَتَبَتَّلۡ إِلَیۡهِ تَبۡتِیلࣰا ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
so celebrate the name of your Lord and devote yourself wholeheart-edly to Him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And mention the Name of your Lord that is say bi’smi’Llāhi’l-rahmāni’l-rahīm ‘In the Name of God the Compassionate the Merciful’ to begin your recitation and devote yourself exclusively to Him with complete devotion tabtīlan is the verbal noun from batala used here instead of tabattulan in order to concord with the end-rhyme of the verses for he the Prophet is obliged to devote himself to God.

Connections 1 multi-source 15 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

Single-source mentions (15) cited by only one commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:9 ›
رَّبُّ ٱلۡمَشۡرِقِ وَٱلۡمَغۡرِبِ لَاۤ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَٱتَّخِذۡهُ وَكِیلࣰا ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
He is Lord of the east and west, there is no god but Him, so take Him as your Protector
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

He is Lord of the east and the west; there is no god except Him so take Him for a Guardian entrusting your affairs to Him

Connections 14 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (14) cited by only one commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:10 ›
وَٱصۡبِرۡ عَلَىٰ مَا یَقُولُونَ وَٱهۡجُرۡهُمۡ هَجۡرࣰا جَمِیلࣰا ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
patiently endure what they say, ignore them politely
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and bear patiently what they say that is the disbelievers of Mecca in the way of their maltreatment of you and part with them in a gracious manner without any anguish — this was revealed before the command to fight them.

Connections 9 multi-source 2 single-source 3 commentators

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73:11 ›
وَذَرۡنِی وَٱلۡمُكَذِّبِینَ أُو۟لِی ٱلنَّعۡمَةِ وَمَهِّلۡهُمۡ قَلِیلًا ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
and leave to Me those who deny the truth and live in luxury. Bear with them for a little while
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And leave Me to deal with the deniers wa’l-mukadhdhibīna is a supplement to the direct object or it is an object of accompaniment; the meaning is ‘I will avail you of them’ they being the doughty leaders of Quraysh those enjoying affluence and respite them a little while — they were killed soon afterwards at Badr.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:12 ›
إِنَّ لَدَیۡنَاۤ أَنكَالࣰا وَجَحِیمࣰا ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
We have fetters, a blazing fire
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

For indeed with Us are heavy fetters ankāl is the plural of nikl heavy shackles and a hell-fire a scorching Fire

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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73:13 ›
وَطَعَامࣰا ذَا غُصَّةࣲ وَعَذَابًا أَلِیمࣰا ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
food that chokes, and agonizing torment in store for the
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and a food that chokes one that causes the throat to choke and this is either zaqqūm cf. Q. 4443 darī‘ cf. Q. 886 ghislīn cf. Q. 6936 or thorns of fire which can neither be vomited nor ingested and a painful chastisement in addition to the punishment mentioned for those who deny the Prophet s

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:14 ›
یَوۡمَ تَرۡجُفُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ وَٱلۡجِبَالُ وَكَانَتِ ٱلۡجِبَالُ كَثِیبࣰا مَّهِیلًا ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
on the Day when the earth and the mountains will shake. The mountains will become a heap of loose sand
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

on the day when the earth and the mountains will quake and the mountains will be like heaps of shifting sand mahīl derives from hāla yahīlu; it is actually mahyūl but the damma sound is considered too heavy for the yā’ and is therefore transposed onto the hā’ while the wāw the second of two unvocalised consonants is omitted on account of it being extra and the damma is replaced by a kasra because of its phonetic affinity the letter yā’.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:15 ›
إِنَّاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَاۤ إِلَیۡكُمۡ رَسُولࣰا شَـٰهِدًا عَلَیۡكُمۡ كَمَاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَاۤ إِلَىٰ فِرۡعَوۡنَ رَسُولࣰا ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
We have sent a messenger to you [people] to be your witness, just as We sent a messenger to Pharaoh
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

We have indeed sent to you O people of Mecca a Messenger namely Muhammad (s) to be a witness against you on the Day of Resurrection to any disobedience that you engage in just as We sent to Pharaoh a messenger namely Moses peace be upon him.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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73:16 ›
فَعَصَىٰ فِرۡعَوۡنُ ٱلرَّسُولَ فَأَخَذۡنَـٰهُ أَخۡذࣰا وَبِیلࣰا ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
but Pharaoh disobeyed the messenger and so We inflicted a heavy punishment on him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

But Pharaoh disobeyed the messenger so We seized him with a severe seizing.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:17 ›
فَكَیۡفَ تَتَّقُونَ إِن كَفَرۡتُمۡ یَوۡمࣰا یَجۡعَلُ ٱلۡوِلۡدَ ٰنَ شِیبًا ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
So if you disbelieve, how can you guard yourselves against a Day that will turn children’s hair grey
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

So if you disbelieve in this world how will you guard against a day yawman is the direct object of tattaqūna ‘you guard against’ that is against the chastisement thereof by what defence will you defend yourselves against the chastisement of a day that will make the children grey-haired shīb is the plural of ashyab by the severity of its terrors this being the Day of Resurrection the shīn of shīb should actually have a damma but it is given a kasra because of its phonetic affinity with the yā’ — a distressing day is described as being ‘a day that makes the forelocks of children turn grey’ which is usually understood figuratively; but it may be that in the case of this verse it is meant literally —

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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73:18 ›
ٱلسَّمَاۤءُ مُنفَطِرُۢ بِهِۦۚ كَانَ وَعۡدُهُۥ مَفۡعُولًا ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
a Day when the sky will be torn apart? God’s promise will certainly be fulfilled
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

with the heaven being rent asunder thereon on that Day because of its severity. His promise exalted be He of the coming of that Day shall be fulfilled that is to say it will come to pass without doubt.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

73:19 ›
إِنَّ هَـٰذِهِۦ تَذۡكِرَةࣱۖ فَمَن شَاۤءَ ٱتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِۦ سَبِیلًا ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
This is a reminder. Let whoever wishes take the way to his Lord
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Indeed these threatening verses are a reminder an admonition for all creatures. Let him who will then choose a way to his Lord a path to Him through faith and obedience.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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73:20 ›
۞ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ یَعۡلَمُ أَنَّكَ تَقُومُ أَدۡنَىٰ مِن ثُلُثَیِ ٱلَّیۡلِ وَنِصۡفَهُۥ وَثُلُثَهُۥ وَطَاۤىِٕفَةࣱ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِینَ مَعَكَۚ وَٱللَّهُ یُقَدِّرُ ٱلَّیۡلَ وَٱلنَّهَارَۚ عَلِمَ أَن لَّن تُحۡصُوهُ فَتَابَ عَلَیۡكُمۡۖ فَٱقۡرَءُوا۟ مَا تَیَسَّرَ مِنَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِۚ عَلِمَ أَن سَیَكُونُ مِنكُم مَّرۡضَىٰ وَءَاخَرُونَ یَضۡرِبُونَ فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ یَبۡتَغُونَ مِن فَضۡلِ ٱللَّهِ وَءَاخَرُونَ یُقَـٰتِلُونَ فِی سَبِیلِ ٱللَّهِۖ فَٱقۡرَءُوا۟ مَا تَیَسَّرَ مِنۡهُۚ وَأَقِیمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَأَقۡرِضُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنࣰاۚ وَمَا تُقَدِّمُوا۟ لِأَنفُسِكُم مِّنۡ خَیۡرࣲ تَجِدُوهُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ هُوَ خَیۡرࣰا وَأَعۡظَمَ أَجۡرࣰاۚ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِیمُۢ ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
[Prophet], your Lord is well aware that you sometimes spend nearly two-thirds of the night at prayer––sometimes half, sometimes a third––as do some of your followers. God determines the division of night and day. He knows that you will not be able to keep a measure of it and He has relented towards all of you, so recite as much of the Quran as is easy for you. He knows that some of you will be sick, some of you travelling through the land seeking God’s bounty, some of you fighting in God’s way: recite as much as is easy for you, keep up the prayer, pay the prescribed alms, and make God a good loan. Whatever good you store up for yourselves will be improved and increased for you. Ask God for His forgiveness, He is most forgiving, most merciful
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Assuredly your Lord knows that you stand vigil less than two thirds of the night or at times a half of it or a third of it if read wa-nisfihi wa-thuluthihi then these constitute a supplement to thuluthay ‘two thirds’; if read wa-nisfahu wa-thuluthahu then a supplement to adnā ‘less than’ — his keeping vigil in the way mentioned is in accordance with what was enjoined on him at the beginning of this sūra — along with a group of those with you wa-tā’ifatun mina’lladhīna ma‘aka constitutes a supplement to the subject of the verb taqūmu ‘you stand vigil’ but it may also constitute although it is not certain a separating clause. The keeping vigil by some of his companions in this way indicates their emulation of him. Some of them could not tell how much of the night they had spent in prayer and how much of it had remained and would therefore keep vigil all night as a precaution; and so they used to keep vigil in this way for a whole year or more with their feet swollen until God alleviated matters for them. He exalted be He says and God keeps measures He keeps count of the night and the day. He knows that an softened in place of the hardened form its subject having been omitted that is to say annahu you will not be able to keep count of it that is the length of the night so that you may perform the vigil at the time in which it is required unless you stay up all night which is hard on you and so He has relented to you making you revert to what is easier. So recite as much as is feasible of the Qur’ān during prayer by performing as much prayer as is feasible. He knows that an softened in place of the hardened form that is to say annahu some of you will be sick while others will be travelling in the land seeking the bounty of God seeking of His provision through commerce and otherwise and others will be fighting in the way of God for each of the three groups mentioned the keeping of nightly vigil is hard and so God has alleviated things for them by enjoining on them what is feasible.

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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