Tafsir al-Jalalayn al-`Alaq العَلَق (The Clot, Read) 19 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ
Abdel Haleem
Read! In the name of your Lord who created
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Recite bring recitation into existence beginning with In the Name of your Lord Who created all creatures;

خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ
Abdel Haleem
He created manfrom a clinging form
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

created man al-insān the generic from a blood-clot ‘alaq is the plural of ‘alaqa which is a small quantity of congealing blood.

اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ
Abdel Haleem
Read! Your Lord is the Most Bountiful On
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Recite reiterating the first one and your Lord is the Most Generous having no counterpart in terms of His generosity wa-rabbuka’l-akram is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of the verb iqra’ ‘recite’

الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ
Abdel Haleem
who taught by [means of] the pen
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Who taught the art of script by the pen — the first to write with it was the prophet Enoch Idrīs peace be upon him —

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عَلَّمَ الْإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ
Abdel Haleem
who taught man what he did not know
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

taught man al-insān the generic what he did not know before he was taught in the way of guidance the art of writing crafts and so on.

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كَلَّا إِنَّ الْإِنسَانَ لَيَطْغَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
But man exceeds all bound
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Nay but verily man is wont to be rebellious

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أَن رَّآهُ اسْتَغْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
when he thinks he is self-sufficient
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

when he sees it that is to say his own soul to be self-sufficient in terms of wealth — this was revealed regarding Abū Jahl ra’ā ‘sees’ means to see mentally; istaghnā ‘self-sufficient’ is the second direct object; an ra’āhu ‘when he sees it’ is an object denoting reason.

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إِنَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
[Prophet], all will return to your Lord
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Surely to your Lord O man is the return — meant as a threat for him — and so He will requite the rebellious one with what he deserves.

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أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Have you seen the man who forbid
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Have you seen a-ra’ayta in all three instances here and below is an exclamation of wonder him namely Abū Jahl who forbids

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عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
[Our] servant to pray
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

a servant namely Muhammad (s) when he prays?

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أَرَأَيْتَ إِن كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Have you seen whether he is rightly guided
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Have you considered what if he the one forbidden should be upon a path of guidance

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أَوْ أَمَرَ بِالتَّقْوَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
or encourages true piety
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

or aw is for division be bidding others to fear of God?

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أَرَأَيْتَ إِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Have you seen whether he denies the truth and turns away from it
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Have you considered what if he the one forbidding the Prophet should be denying God’s guidance and turning away? from faith.

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أَلَمْ يَعْلَم بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Does he not realize that God sees all
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Is he not aware that God sees? what has issued from him that is to say He does indeed know it and will requite him for it. In other words ‘Marvel O you being addressed at the way in which he forbids prayer and at the fact that the one being forbidden is actually the one upon guidance bidding to fear of God while the one forbidding is a denier disregarding faith’.

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كَلَّا لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ لَنَسْفَعًا بِالنَّاصِيَةِ
Abdel Haleem
No! If he does not stop, We shall drag him by his forehead––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

No indeed! — a repudiation of him — Assuredly if la-in the lām is for oaths he does not desist from the disbelief that he is upon We shall seize him by the forelock We shall drag him to the Fire by his forelock

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نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
his lying, sinful forehead
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

a lying iniquitous forelock! nāsiyatin an indefinite noun substituting for a definite — the description of this forelock in such terms is meant figuratively and what is actually meant is that individual.

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فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُ
Abdel Haleem
Let him summon his comrades
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Let him then call upon the henchmen of his council the members of his council nādin — a place of assembly where people gather to talk. He Abū Jahl had said to the Prophet s in reproof having forbidden him from prayer ‘You are well aware that there is none in this town who has recourse to as large a council of men as I do. Verily I shall fill this entire valley with mature steeds and young men in battle against you if you so wish!’

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سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ
Abdel Haleem
We shall summon the guards of Hell
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

We shall call the Zabāniya the grim stern angels to destroy him as stated in the hadīth ‘Had he called his council of henchmen together the Zabāniya would have seized him right before his own eyes!’.

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كَلَّا لَا تُطِعْهُ وَاسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِب
Abdel Haleem
No! Do not obey him [Prophet]: bow down in worship and draw close
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

No indeed! — a repudiation of him — Do not obey him O Muhammad (s) and abandon prayer and prostrate yourself perform prayer to God and draw near to Him through obedience to Him.

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