Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti — b. 791 AH / 1389 CE · d. 911 AH / 1505 CE Sunni Shafi'i

Tafsir al-Jalalayn al-Jinn الجِنّ (The Jinn) 28 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
72:1 ›
۞ قُلۡ أُوحِیَ إِلَیَّ أَنَّهُ ٱسۡتَمَعَ نَفَرࣱ مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ فَقَالُوۤا۟ إِنَّا سَمِعۡنَا قُرۡءَانًا عَجَبࣰا ۝١
Abdel Haleem
Say [Prophet], ‘It has been revealed to me that a group of jinn once listened in and said, “We have heard a wondrous Quran
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Say O Muhammad (s) to people ‘It has been revealed to me that is to say I have been informed by way of revelation from God exalted be He that annahu the suffixed pronoun is that of the matter a company of the jinn the jinn of Nasībīn. This was at the time of the morning prayer at Batn Nakhla a location between Mecca and Tā’if — these jinn being those mentioned in God’s saying And when We sent a company of jinn your way…’ Q. 4629 — listened to my recitation then said to their people upon returning to them “We have indeed heard a marvellous Qur’ān whose clarity the richness of its meanings and other aspects one marvels at

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72:2 ›
یَهۡدِیۤ إِلَى ٱلرُّشۡدِ فَءَامَنَّا بِهِۦۖ وَلَن نُّشۡرِكَ بِرَبِّنَاۤ أَحَدࣰا ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
that gives guidance to the right path, and we have come to believe it––We shall never set up partners with our Lord––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

which guides to rectitude to faith and propriety. Therefore we believe in it and we will never after this day associate anyone with our Lord.

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72:3 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ تَعَـٰلَىٰ جَدُّ رَبِّنَا مَا ٱتَّخَذَ صَـٰحِبَةࣰ وَلَا وَلَدࣰا ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
and that He––exalted be the glory of our Lord!––has neither spouse nor child
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And we believe that annahu the pronoun in this and in the next two instances is that of the matter — exalted be the majesty of our Lord transcendent is His majesty and magnificence above what is ascribed to Him — He has taken neither spouse nor son.

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72:4 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ یَقُولُ سَفِیهُنَا عَلَى ٱللَّهِ شَطَطࣰا ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
Outrageous things have been said about God by the foolish among us
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And that the fool among us the ignorant one among us used to utter atrocious lies against God extreme calumny by attributing to Him a spouse and a son.

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72:5 ›
وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّاۤ أَن لَّن تَقُولَ ٱلۡإِنسُ وَٱلۡجِنُّ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبࣰا ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
although we had thought that no man or jinn would [dare to] tell a lie about Him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And we thought that an softened that is to say annahu humans and jinn would never utter a lie against God by attributing such things to Him until we discovered their mendacity thereby. God exalted be He says

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72:6 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ رِجَالࣱ مِّنَ ٱلۡإِنسِ یَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالࣲ مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ فَزَادُوهُمۡ رَهَقࣰا ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
Men have sought refuge with the jinn in the past, but they only misguided them further
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And that certain individuals of mankind used to seek the protection of certain individuals of the jinn when they stopped over in dangerous places during their journeys — whereat every man would say ‘I seek the protection of the lord of this place against the evil of the insolent ones in it’ — so that they increased them by their seeking their protection in oppressiveness such that they would say ‘We are now lords of jinn and humans!’.

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72:7 ›
وَأَنَّهُمۡ ظَنُّوا۟ كَمَا ظَنَنتُمۡ أَن لَّن یَبۡعَثَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدࣰا ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
They thought, as you did, that God would never raise anyone from the dead
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And they namely the jinn thought just as you O humans thought that an softened in place of the hardened form that is to say annahu God would never raise anyone after his death.

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72:8 ›
وَأَنَّا لَمَسۡنَا ٱلسَّمَاۤءَ فَوَجَدۡنَـٰهَا مُلِئَتۡ حَرَسࣰا شَدِیدࣰا وَشُهُبࣰا ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
We tried to reach heaven, but discovered it to be full of stern guards and shooting stars––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

The jinn say And we made for the heaven we desired to listen by stealth but we found it filled with mighty guards from among the angels and meteors scorching stars this was at the time of the sending of the Prophet s.

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72:9 ›
وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقۡعُدُ مِنۡهَا مَقَـٰعِدَ لِلسَّمۡعِۖ فَمَن یَسۡتَمِعِ ٱلۡءَانَ یَجِدۡ لَهُۥ شِهَابࣰا رَّصَدࣰا ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
we used to sit in places there, listening, but anyone trying to listen now will find a shooting star lying in wait for him––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And we used to that is to say before his Mission sit in certain places therein to listen in; but anyone listening now will find a meteor lying in wait for him aimed at him ready to strike him.

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72:10 ›
وَأَنَّا لَا نَدۡرِیۤ أَشَرٌّ أُرِیدَ بِمَن فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَمۡ أَرَادَ بِهِمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ رَشَدࣰا ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
[so now] we do not know whether those who live on earth are due for misfortune, or whether their Lord intends to guide them
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And we do not know by not being able to eavesdrop by stealth whether ill is intended for those who are in the earth or whether their Lord intends for them good.

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72:11 ›
وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلصَّـٰلِحُونَ وَمِنَّا دُونَ ذَ ٰلِكَۖ كُنَّا طَرَاۤىِٕقَ قِدَدࣰا ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
Some of us are righteous and others less so: we follow different paths
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And that among us some have become righteous after having listened to the Qur’ān and some of us are otherwise that is to say a folk who are unrighteous; we are made up of different sects opposing groups some submitters to God and others disbelievers.

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72:12 ›
وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّاۤ أَن لَّن نُّعۡجِزَ ٱللَّهَ فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَن نُّعۡجِزَهُۥ هَرَبࣰا ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
We know we can never frustrate God on earth; we can never escape Him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And we assume that an softened in place of the hardened form that is to say annahu we will never be able to elude God in the earth nor will we be able to elude Him by fleeing — we will not be able to escape Him whether we are on earth or fleeing from it in the heavens.

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72:13 ›
وَأَنَّا لَمَّا سَمِعۡنَا ٱلۡهُدَىٰۤ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦۖ فَمَن یُؤۡمِنۢ بِرَبِّهِۦ فَلَا یَخَافُ بَخۡسࣰا وَلَا رَهَقࣰا ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
When we heard the guidance we came to believe: whoever believes in his Lord need fear no loss nor injustice
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And that when we heard the guidance the Qur’ān we believed in it. For whoever believes in his Lord read an implied huwa ‘he’ before fa-lā yakhāfu shall fear neither loss a diminishing of his good deeds nor oppression nor injustice by having his evil deeds increased.

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72:14 ›
وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلۡمُسۡلِمُونَ وَمِنَّا ٱلۡقَـٰسِطُونَۖ فَمَنۡ أَسۡلَمَ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ تَحَرَّوۡا۟ رَشَدࣰا ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
Some of us submit to Him and others go the wrong way: those who submit to God have found wise guidance
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And that among us some have submitted to God while some of us are unjust tyrants — on account of their disbelief. So whoever has submitted to God those are the ones who seek right guidance.

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72:15 ›
وَأَمَّا ٱلۡقَـٰسِطُونَ فَكَانُوا۟ لِجَهَنَّمَ حَطَبࣰا ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
but those who go wrong will be fuel for Hellfire.” ’
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And as for those are unjust they will be firewood fuel for Hell!” ’ annā annahum and annahu totalling all twelve instances above including innahu ta‘ālā and annā minnā’l-muslimūna and what comes in between them may be read with a kasra sc. innā innahum etc. indicating a new sentence every time or with a fatha sc. annā annahum etc. indicating the statement that will follow as a relative clause.

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72:16 ›
وَأَلَّوِ ٱسۡتَقَـٰمُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلطَّرِیقَةِ لَأَسۡقَیۡنَـٰهُم مَّاۤءً غَدَقࣰا ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
If they had taken to the right way, We would have given them abundant water to drink
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

God exalted be He says the following about the Meccan disbelievers And it has been revealed to me that if they allaw softened in place of the hardened form its subject having been omitted that is to say annahum law which is a supplement to annahu istama‘a ‘that a company of jinn listened’ adopt the right path the path of submission to God We will give them abundant water to drink plenteous water from the heaven — this was after rain had been withheld from them for seven years —

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72:17 ›
لِّنَفۡتِنَهُمۡ فِیهِۚ وَمَن یُعۡرِضۡ عَن ذِكۡرِ رَبِّهِۦ یَسۡلُكۡهُ عَذَابࣰا صَعَدࣰا ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
a test for them––but anyone who turns away from his Lord’s Revelation will be sent by Him to spiralling torment
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

so that We may try them test them therein and so know through knowledge outwardly manifested the nature of their gratitude. And whoever turns away from the remembrance of his Lord from the Qur’ān We will admit him naslukhu or read first person yaslukhu ‘He will admit him’ into a tortuous chastisement.

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72:18 ›
وَأَنَّ ٱلۡمَسَـٰجِدَ لِلَّهِ فَلَا تَدۡعُوا۟ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدࣰا ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
Places of worship are for God alone- so do not pray to anyone other than God
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And it has been revealed to me that the places of prayer belong to God so do not invoke in them anyone along with God by associating others with Him like the Jews and Christians do who when they enter their churches and temples they ascribe partners to God.

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72:19 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ لَمَّا قَامَ عَبۡدُ ٱللَّهِ یَدۡعُوهُ كَادُوا۟ یَكُونُونَ عَلَیۡهِ لِبَدࣰا ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
yet when God’s Servant stood up to pray to Him, they pressed in on him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And that annahu; or innahu as a new sentence the pronoun being that of the matter when the servant of God the Prophet Muhammad (s) rose to invoke Him to worship Him at Batn Nakhla they that is the jinn listening to his recitation were almost upon him in heaps libadan or lubadan the plural of libda or lubda like felt in the way they were heaped on top of one another crowding in their eagerness to listen to the Qur’ān.

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72:20 ›
قُلۡ إِنَّمَاۤ أَدۡعُوا۟ رَبِّی وَلَاۤ أُشۡرِكُ بِهِۦۤ أَحَدࣰا ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘I pray to my Lord alone; I set up no partner with Him.’
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

He said in response to the disbelievers saying ‘Abandon this affair of yours!’ a variant reading for qāla ‘he said’ has qul ‘Say’ ‘I invoke only my Lord as God and I do not associate anyone with Him’.

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72:21 ›
قُلۡ إِنِّی لَاۤ أَمۡلِكُ لَكُمۡ ضَرࣰّا وَلَا رَشَدࣰا ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘I have no control over any harm or good that may befall you.’
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Say ‘I truly have no power to bring you any harm to lead you astray or any guidance’ any good.

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72:22 ›
قُلۡ إِنِّی لَن یُجِیرَنِی مِنَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدࣱ وَلَنۡ أَجِدَ مِن دُونِهِۦ مُلۡتَحَدًا ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘No one can protect me from God: I have no refuge except in Him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Say ‘Indeed none shall protect me from God from His chastisement were I to disobey Him and I shall never find besides Him that is other than Him any refuge.

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Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:23 ›
إِلَّا بَلَـٰغࣰا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِسَـٰلَـٰتِهِۦۚ وَمَن یَعۡصِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَـٰلِدِینَ فِیهَاۤ أَبَدًا ۝٢٣
Abdel Haleem
I only deliver [what I receive] from God- only His messages.’ Whoever disobeys God and His Messenger will have Hell’s Fire as his permanent home
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

I have power to bring you only a communication illā balāghan is excepted from the direct object clause of amliku ‘I have power to bring’ that is to say I have power only to communicate the Message to you from God that is on His behalf and His Messages wa-risālātihi is a supplement to balāghan ‘a communication’; what comes between the excepted clause and the clause from which it is excepted is a parenthetical statement intended to emphasise the preclusion of the Prophet’s ‘ability to bring them anything else’. And whoever disobeys God and His Messenger concerning the affirmation of His Oneness and hence does not believe — indeed there will be for him the fire of Hell abiding khālidīna is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the person indicated by man ‘whoever’ in lahu ‘for him’ taking into account its plural import; it khālidīna is also an implied circumstantial qualifier in other words they shall enter it with their abiding having been preordained therein forever’.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:24 ›
حَتَّىٰۤ إِذَا رَأَوۡا۟ مَا یُوعَدُونَ فَسَیَعۡلَمُونَ مَنۡ أَضۡعَفُ نَاصِرࣰا وَأَقَلُّ عَدَدࣰا ۝٢٤
Abdel Haleem
when they are confronted by what they have been warned about, they will realize who has the weaker protector and the smaller number
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Such that when they see hattā is for inceptiveness but also entailing a purposive sense to an implied preceding clause that is to say they persist in their disbelief until they come to see … what they are promised of chastisement they will then know at the moment that it befalls them either on the day of Badr or on the Day of Resurrection who is weaker in supporters and fewer in numbers in assistants is it them or the believers — according to the former reading? Or is it Me or them according to the latter. Some of them said ‘When will this promise be fulfilled?’ whereupon the following was revealed

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:25 ›
قُلۡ إِنۡ أَدۡرِیۤ أَقَرِیبࣱ مَّا تُوعَدُونَ أَمۡ یَجۡعَلُ لَهُۥ رَبِّیۤ أَمَدًا ۝٢٥
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘I do not know whether what you have been warned about is near, or whether a distant time has been appointed for it by my Lord.’
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Say ‘I do not know if what you are promised of chastisement is near or if my Lord has set a distant length for it an extent and a term which only He knows.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:26 ›
عَـٰلِمُ ٱلۡغَیۡبِ فَلَا یُظۡهِرُ عَلَىٰ غَیۡبِهِۦۤ أَحَدًا ۝٢٦
Abdel Haleem
He is the One who knows what is hidden
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Knower He is of the Unseen what is hidden from servants and He does not disclose He does not reveal His Unseen to anyone from mankind

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:27 ›
إِلَّا مَنِ ٱرۡتَضَىٰ مِن رَّسُولࣲ فَإِنَّهُۥ یَسۡلُكُ مِنۢ بَیۡنِ یَدَیۡهِ وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦ رَصَدࣰا ۝٢٧
Abdel Haleem
He does not disclose it except to a messenger of His choosing. He sends watchers to go in front and behin
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

except to a messenger of whom He approves. Then in addition to disclosing to him what He will to disclose of it by way of making it a miracle for him He despatches He appoints and sends forth before him namely the Messenger and behind him watchers angels to preserve him until He has conveyed it to him as part of the entire revelation

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:28 ›
لِّیَعۡلَمَ أَن قَدۡ أَبۡلَغُوا۟ رِسَـٰلَـٰتِ رَبِّهِمۡ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَیۡهِمۡ وَأَحۡصَىٰ كُلَّ شَیۡءٍ عَدَدَۢا ۝٢٨
Abdel Haleem
to ensure that each of His messengers delivers his Lord’s message: He knows all about them, and He takes account of everything
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

so that He God may know by knowledge outwardly manifested that an softened in place of the hardened form that is to say annahu they that is the messengers have conveyed the Messages of their Lord the plural person of the verb ablaghū ‘they have conveyed’ takes into account the plural implication of man ‘whom’ and He encompasses all that is with them wa-ahāta bimā ladayhim is a supplement to an implied clause that is to say so He has knowledge of that and keeps count of all things’ ‘adadan ‘count’ is for specification; it is transformed from a direct object sc. ‘adada originally ahsā ‘adada kulli shay’in ‘He keeps count of all things’.

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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