Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti — b. 791 AH / 1389 CE · d. 911 AH / 1505 CE Sunni Shafi'i

Tafsir al-Jalalayn `Abasa عَبَسَ (He Frowned) 42 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
80:1 ›
عَبَسَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
He frowned and turned awa
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

He the Prophet frowned glowered with his face and turned away

80:2 ›
أَن جَاءَهُ الْأَعْمَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
when the blind man came to him––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

because the blind man came to him ‘Abd Allāh son of Umm Maktūm who interrupted him while he was busy with those notables of Quryash whose submission to God he was very eager for. The blind man was not aware that he was busy with these and so he called out to him ‘Teach me of what God has taught you’. However the Prophet s went off to his house. He was then reproached for this with what was revealed in this sūra. Afterwards whenever he came to him the Prophet would say to him ‘Greetings to him on whose account God reproached me!’ and would lay down his cloak for him.

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80:3 ›
وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّهُ يَزَّكَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
for all you know, he might have grown in spirit
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And how would you know? Perhaps he would cleanse himself yazzakkā the original tā’ of yatazakkā has been assimilated with the zāy that is perhaps he would purge himself of sins by what he hears from you

80:4 ›
أَوْ يَذَّكَّرُ فَتَنفَعَهُ الذِّكْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
or taken note of something useful to him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

or be admonished yadhdhakkar the original tā’ of yatadhakkar has been assimilated with the dhāl and so the reminder the admonition heard from you might benefit him a variant reading for tanfa‘uhu has tanfa‘ahu as the response to the optative statement.

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80:5 ›
أَمَّا مَنِ اسْتَغْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
For the self-satisfied on
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

But as for the one who thinks himself self-sufficient through wealth

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80:6 ›
فَأَنتَ لَهُ تَصَدَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
you go out of your way––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

to him you do attend tasaddā a variant reading has tassaddā where the original second tā’ of tatasaddā has been assimilated with the sād him you accept and turn your attention to;

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80:7 ›
وَمَا عَلَيْكَ أَلَّا يَزَّكَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
though you are not to be blamed for his lack of spiritual growth––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

yet it is not your concern if he does not cleanse himself if he does not believe.

80:8 ›
وَأَمَّا مَن جَاءَكَ يَسْعَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
but from the one who has come to you full of eagernes
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

But as for him who comes to you hurrying yas‘ā is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of the verb jā’a ‘comes’

80:9 ›
وَهُوَ يَخْشَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
and aw
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

fearful of God wa-huwa yakhshā is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of the verb yas‘ā ‘hurrying’ — this being the blind man —

80:10 ›
فَأَنتَ عَنْهُ تَلَهَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
you allow yourself to be distracted
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

to him you pay no heed talahhā the original second tā’ of tatalahhā has been omitted that is to say from him you are distracted by other things.

80:11 ›
كَلَّا إِنَّهَا تَذْكِرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! This [Quran] is a lesso
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

No indeed! do not behave like this. Truly it the sūra is or the verses are a reminder an admonition for all creatures —

80:12 ›
فَمَن شَاءَ ذَكَرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
from which those who wish to be taught should learn
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

so let whoever will remember it preserve it in his memory and thus be admonished by it —

80:13 ›
فِي صُحُفٍ مُّكَرَّمَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
[written] on honoured
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

on leaves fī suhufin is the second predicate of innahā ‘truly it’ and what precedes it is a parenthetical statement that are honoured by God

80:14 ›
مَّرْفُوعَةٍ مُّطَهَّرَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
exalted, pure pages
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

elevated in the heavens purified exalted above the touch of devils

80:15 ›
بِأَيْدِي سَفَرَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
by the hands o
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

in the hands of scribes who write it down from the Preserved Tablet

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80:16 ›
كِرَامٍ بَرَرَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
noble and virtuous scribes
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

noble pious obedient to God exalted be He these being the angels.

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80:17 ›
قُتِلَ الْإِنسَانُ مَا أَكْفَرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
Woe to man! How ungrateful he is
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Perish man! accursed be the disbeliever! What has made him ungrateful? an interrogative statement meant as a rebuke — what has driven him to disbelief?

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80:18 ›
مِنْ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقَهُ
Abdel Haleem
From what thing does God create him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

From what thing has He created him? an interrogative meant as an affirmative which He then explains by saying

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80:19 ›
مِن نُّطْفَةٍ خَلَقَهُ فَقَدَّرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
He creates him from a droplet, He proportions him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

From a drop of sperm did He create him then proportion him in stages as a blood-clot then an embryo up to the last stage of his creation.

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80:20 ›
ثُمَّ السَّبِيلَ يَسَّرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
He makes the way easy for him
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Then He made the way his exit from his mother’s belly easy for him;

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80:21 ›
ثُمَّ أَمَاتَهُ فَأَقْبَرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
then He causes him to die and be buried
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

then He makes him die and buries him He places him in a grave that hides him;

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80:22 ›
ثُمَّ إِذَا شَاءَ أَنشَرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
When He wills, He will raise him up again
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

then when He wills He will raise him for the Resurrection.

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80:23 ›
كَلَّا لَمَّا يَقْضِ مَا أَمَرَهُ
Abdel Haleem
Yet mandoes not fulfil God’s commands
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

No indeed! Verily he has not accomplished he has not done what He his Lord commanded him to do.

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80:24 ›
فَلْيَنظُرِ الْإِنسَانُ إِلَىٰ طَعَامِهِ
Abdel Haleem
Let man consider the food he eats
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

So let man consider in reflection his source of food how it is determined and procured for him

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80:25 ›
أَنَّا صَبَبْنَا الْمَاءَ صَبًّا
Abdel Haleem
We pour down abundant wate
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

that We pour down water from the clouds plenteously;

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80:26 ›
ثُمَّ شَقَقْنَا الْأَرْضَ شَقًّا
Abdel Haleem
and cause the soil to split open
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

then We split the earth into fissures with vegetation

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80:27 ›
فَأَنبَتْنَا فِيهَا حَبًّا
Abdel Haleem
We make grain grow
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and cause the grains such as wheat and barley to grow therein

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80:28 ›
وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا
Abdel Haleem
and vines, fresh vegetation
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and vines and herbs qadb is moist qatt

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80:29 ›
وَزَيْتُونًا وَنَخْلًا
Abdel Haleem
olive trees, date palms
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and olives and date-palms

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80:30 ›
وَحَدَائِقَ غُلْبًا
Abdel Haleem
luscious gardens
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and gardens of dense foliage orchards teeming with trees

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80:31 ›
وَفَاكِهَةً وَأَبًّا
Abdel Haleem
fruits, and fodder
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and fruits and pastures abb is what cattle graze; it is also said to be ‘straw’

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80:32 ›
مَّتَاعًا لَّكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَامِكُمْ
Abdel Haleem
all for you and your livestock to enjoy
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

as sustenance understand matā‘an as mut‘atan or tamtī‘an as explained above in the previous sūra for you and your flocks also as explained above.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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80:33 ›
فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ الصَّاخَّةُ
Abdel Haleem
When the Deafening Blast comes––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

So when the deafening Cry the second blast comes —

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80:34 ›
يَوْمَ يَفِرُّ الْمَرْءُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
the Day man will flee from his own brother
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

the day when a man will flee from his own brother

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80:35 ›
وَأُمِّهِ وَأَبِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
his mother, his father
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and his mother and his father

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80:36 ›
وَصَاحِبَتِهِ وَبَنِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
his wife, his children
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and his wife and his sons yawma ‘the day when’ is a substitution for idhā ‘when’ the response to which is indicated by what follows —

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80:37 ›
لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مِّنْهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ شَأْنٌ يُغْنِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
each of them will be absorbed in concerns of their own on that Day
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

every person that day will have a matter to preoccupy him a predicament to distract him from the affairs of others in other words every person will be preoccupied with his own self.

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

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80:38 ›
وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُّسْفِرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
on that Day some faces will be beaming
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

On that day some faces will be shining radiant

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80:39 ›
ضَاحِكَةٌ مُّسْتَبْشِرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
laughing, and rejoicing
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

laughing joyous happy — these are the believers.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

80:40 ›
وَوُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَيْهَا غَبَرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
but some faces will be dust-staine
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And some faces on that day will be covered with dust

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

80:41 ›
تَرْهَقُهَا قَتَرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
and covered in darkness
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

overcast covered with gloom darkness and blackness.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

80:42 ›
أُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ
Abdel Haleem
those are the disbelievers, the licentious
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Those the people of this predicament are the disbelievers the profligates those who have combined disbelief with profligacy.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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