Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti — b. 791 AH / 1389 CE · d. 911 AH / 1505 CE Sunni Shafi'i

Tafsir al-Jalalayn an-Naba` النَّبَأ (The Tidings, The Announcement) 40 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
78:1 ›
عَمَّ يَتَسَاءَلُونَ
Abdel Haleem
What are they asking about
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

About what about what thing are they the people of Quraysh questioning one another?

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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78:2 ›
عَنِ النَّبَإِ الْعَظِيمِ
Abdel Haleem
The momentous announcemen
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

About the awesome tiding this is the explication of that ‘thing’; the interrogative is meant to emphasise its magnitude — this awesome tiding is the Qur’ān comprising news of the Resurrection and so on which the Prophet s brought —

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78:3 ›
الَّذِي هُمْ فِيهِ مُخْتَلِفُونَ
Abdel Haleem
about which they differ
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

concerning which they are at variance for the believers affirm it while the disbelievers repudiate it.

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78:4 ›
كَلَّا سَيَعْلَمُونَ
Abdel Haleem
They will find out
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

No indeed! — a disavowal — they will come to know what will befall them for their rejection of it.

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78:5 ›
ثُمَّ كَلَّا سَيَعْلَمُونَ
Abdel Haleem
In the end they will find out
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Again no indeed! They will come to know! reiterated for emphasis; thumma is added here to declare that the second threat of chastisement is more severe than the first. God exalted be He then alludes to His power to resurrect saying

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78:6 ›
أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الْأَرْضَ مِهَادًا
Abdel Haleem
Did We not make the earth smooth
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Have We not made the earth a cradle a bed like a cradle

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78:7 ›
وَالْجِبَالَ أَوْتَادًا
Abdel Haleem
and make the mountains to keep it stable
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and the mountains pegs? with which the earth is tied down like tents are tied down with pegs the interrogative is meant as an affirmative.

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78:8 ›
وَخَلَقْنَاكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا
Abdel Haleem
Did We not create you in pairs
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

And created you in pairs? males and females

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78:9 ›
وَجَعَلْنَا نَوْمَكُمْ سُبَاتًا
Abdel Haleem
give you sleep for rest
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and made your sleep for rest? repose for your bodies

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78:10 ›
وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ لِبَاسًا
Abdel Haleem
the night as a cover
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and made the night a cloak? to cover you with its darkness

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78:11 ›
وَجَعَلْنَا النَّهَارَ مَعَاشًا
Abdel Haleem
and the day for your livelihood
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and made the day for livelihood? a time for seeking livelihood

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78:12 ›
وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعًا شِدَادًا
Abdel Haleem
Did We not build seven strong [heavens] above you
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and built above you seven mighty ones? seven heavens shidād is the plural of shadīda that is to say strong and sturdy unaffected by the passage of time

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78:13 ›
وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا
Abdel Haleem
and make a blazing lamp
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and set a radiant lamp? namely the sun

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78:14 ›
وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ الْمُعْصِرَاتِ مَاءً ثَجَّاجًا
Abdel Haleem
Did We not send water pouring down from the cloud
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and sent down from the rain-clouds mu‘sirāt the clouds due to give rain similar to the term mu‘sir which denotes a girl nearing menstruation cascading water? pouring forth

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78:15 ›
لِّنُخْرِجَ بِهِ حَبًّا وَنَبَاتًا
Abdel Haleem
to bring forth with it grain, plants
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

that with it We may bring forth grains such as wheat and plants such as figs

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78:16 ›
وَجَنَّاتٍ أَلْفَافًا
Abdel Haleem
and luxuriant gardens
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and gardens orchards of intertwining foliage? alfāf is the plural of lafīf similar in pattern to sharīf ‘noble’ plural ashrāf.

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78:17 ›
إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْفَصْلِ كَانَ مِيقَاتًا
Abdel Haleem
A time has been appointed for the Day of Decision
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Verily the Day of Decision for creatures is the tryst a time fixed for reward and punishment

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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78:18 ›
يَوْمَ يُنفَخُ فِي الصُّورِ فَتَأْتُونَ أَفْوَاجًا
Abdel Haleem
a Day when the Trumpet will sound and you will come forward in crowds
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

the day the Trumpet the Horn is blown yawma yunfakhu fī’l-sūri is either a substitution for or an explication of yawma’l-fasli ‘the Day of Decision’ the blower being Isrāfīl and you come forth from your graves to the site of the Resurrection in droves in diverse groups

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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78:19 ›
وَفُتِحَتِ السَّمَاءُ فَكَانَتْ أَبْوَابًا
Abdel Haleem
when the sky will open up like wide portals
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and the heaven is opened read futtihat or futihat sundered for the descent of the angels and becomes as gates it becomes a heaven with gates

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78:20 ›
وَسُيِّرَتِ الْجِبَالُ فَكَانَتْ سَرَابًا
Abdel Haleem
when the mountains will vanish like a mirage
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and the mountains are set in motion dislocated from their positions and become as a mirage as fine dust that is to say like it in terms of its levity when in motion.

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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78:21 ›
إِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ كَانَتْ مِرْصَادًا
Abdel Haleem
Hell lies in wait
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Verily Hell lurks in ambush mirsādan in the sense of rāsidatan or mursidatan ‘lying in wait’

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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78:22 ›
لِّلطَّاغِينَ مَآبًا
Abdel Haleem
a home for oppressor
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

for the rebellious the disbelievers who will not be able to avoid it it is a resort a retreat for them and so they will enter it

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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78:23 ›
لَّابِثِينَ فِيهَا أَحْقَابًا
Abdel Haleem
to stay in for a long, long time
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

to remain lābithīna is an implied circumstantial qualifier in other words their remaining therein will be decreed to be therein for ages for endless epochs ahqāb is the plural of huqb

Connections 10 single-source 1 commentator

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78:24 ›
لَّا يَذُوقُونَ فِيهَا بَرْدًا وَلَا شَرَابًا
Abdel Haleem
where they will taste no coolness nor drin
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

tasting in it neither coolness neither sleep something which they will not taste therein nor drink nor anything that is imbibed for the sake of its delightful taste

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78:25 ›
إِلَّا حَمِيمًا وَغَسَّاقًا
Abdel Haleem
except one that is scalding and dark––
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

except boiling water of extreme temperatures and pus read ghasāqan or ghassāqan which is the vile matter that is emitted by the bodies of the inhabitants of the Fire which is what they will indeed taste. They are given this pair of tortures

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78:26 ›
جَزَاءً وِفَاقًا
Abdel Haleem
a fitting requital
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

as a fitting requital one that accords with the nature of their deeds for there is no sin greater than disbelief and no chastisement greater than the Fire.

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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78:27 ›
إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا لَا يَرْجُونَ حِسَابًا
Abdel Haleem
for they did not fear a reckoning
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Indeed they never feared any reckoning given their rejection of the Resurrection

Connections 10 single-source 1 commentator

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78:28 ›
وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا كِذَّابًا
Abdel Haleem
and they rejected Our messages as lies
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and they denied Our signs the Qur’ān mendaciously

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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78:29 ›
وَكُلَّ شَيْءٍ أَحْصَيْنَاهُ كِتَابًا
Abdel Haleem
We have recorded everything in a Record
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and everything in the way of deeds have We kept count of have We recorded precisely in a Book as individual written records in the Preserved Tablet in order to requite creatures in accordance with them including the record of their denial of the Qur’ān.

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78:30 ›
فَذُوقُوا فَلَن نَّزِيدَكُمْ إِلَّا عَذَابًا
Abdel Haleem
‘Taste this: all you will get from Us is more torment.’
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

‘So now taste! — in other words it will be said to them in the Hereafter when the chastisement has befallen them taste now your requital! For We will increase you in nothing but chastisement’ in addition to your due chastisement.

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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78:31 ›
إِنَّ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ مَفَازًا
Abdel Haleem
For those who were aware of God there is supreme fulfilment
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Truly for the God-fearing there will be a triumph a place of triumph in Paradise

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78:32 ›
حَدَائِقَ وَأَعْنَابًا
Abdel Haleem
private gardens, vineyards
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

gardens orchards hadā’iqa is either a substitution for or an explication of mafāzan ‘a triumph’ and vineyards wa-a‘nāban is a supplement to mafāzan ‘a triumph’

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

78:33 ›
وَكَوَاعِبَ أَتْرَابًا
Abdel Haleem
nubile, well-matched companions
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and buxom maidens kawā‘ib is the plural of kā‘ib of equal age atrāb is the plural of tirb

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

78:34 ›
وَكَأْسًا دِهَاقًا
Abdel Haleem
and an overflowing cup
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and a brimming cup wine filling the vessels in which it is in; in sūrat al-Qitāl it is said and rivers of wine Q. 4715.

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

78:35 ›
لَّا يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْوًا وَلَا كِذَّابًا
Abdel Haleem
There they will hear no vain or lying talk
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

They will not hear in it that is in Paradise when they drink wine and in other situations any vain talk any words of falsehood or lies between one another read kidhāban to mean kadhiban ‘lies’ or kidhdhāban to mean takdhīban ‘lying’ in contrast to what happens in this world when wine is drunk

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

78:36 ›
جَزَاءً مِّن رَّبِّكَ عَطَاءً حِسَابًا
Abdel Haleem
a reward from your Lord, a fitting gif
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

this will be a reward from your Lord in other words God has rewarded them with this reward as a gift ‘atā’an substitutes for jazā’an ‘reward’ that is sufficing that is abundant hisāban as meaning ‘abundant’ derives from their saying a‘tānī fa-ahsabanī ‘he gave me so abundantly that I said “that is enough for me”’ hasbī

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

78:37 ›
رَّبِّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا الرَّحْمَٰنِ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْهُ خِطَابًا
Abdel Haleem
from the Lord of the heavens and earth and everything between, the Lord of Mercy. They will have no authority from Him to speak
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

from the Lord of the heavens and the earth read rabbi ‘from the Lord of’ or rabbu ‘He is the Lord of’ and all that is between them the Compassionate One likewise read rahmāni or rahmānu or read rahmānu with rabbi for the preceding Whom exalted be He they that is creatures will not be able to address that is to say not one of them will be able to address Him for fear of Him

Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (7) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

78:38 ›
يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ صَفًّا لَّا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ إِلَّا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرَّحْمَٰنُ وَقَالَ صَوَابًا
Abdel Haleem
On the Day when the Spirit and the angels stand in rows, they will not speak except for those to whom the Lord of Mercy gives permission, who will say only what is right
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

on the day yawma is the adverbial qualifier for lā yamlikūna ‘they will not be able to’ when the Spirit Gabriel or God’s hosts and the angels stand arrayed saffan is a circumstantial qualifier in other words mustaffīna. They creatures will not speak except him whom the Compassionate One permits to speak and who says what is right from among the believers and the angels as if meaning that they will intercede for he whom He approves of.

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

78:39 ›
ذَٰلِكَ الْيَوْمُ الْحَقُّ فَمَن شَاءَ اتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِ مَآبًا
Abdel Haleem
That is the Day of Truth. So whoever wishes to do so should take the path that leads to his Lord
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

That is the True Day whose coming to pass is definite namely the Day of Resurrection. So whoever wishes to let him seek resort with his Lord a return to Him that is to say let him return to God by being obedient to Him so that he may be secure from chastisement in it.

Connections 1 multi-source 6 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

78:40 ›
إِنَّا أَنذَرْنَاكُمْ عَذَابًا قَرِيبًا يَوْمَ يَنظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَا لَيْتَنِي كُنتُ تُرَابًا
Abdel Haleem
We have warned you of imminent torment, on the Day when every person will see what their own hands have sent ahead for them, when the disbeliever will say, ‘If only I were dust!’
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Lo! We have warned you O disbelievers of Mecca of a chastisement that is near the chastisement of the impending Day of Resurrection — for anything that is impending is also near — the day yawma adverbially qualifies ‘adhāban ‘a chastisement’ by describing it when a person when every person will behold what his hands have sent ahead of good and evil and the disbeliever will say ‘O yā is a particle used to call attention to something would that I were dust!’ in other words and not be chastised. He says this when God exalted be He says to the beasts after each of them has retaliated against the other ‘Be dust!’.

Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (7) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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