Tafsir al-Jalalayn

Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti — b. 791 AH / 1389 CE · d. 911 AH / 1505 CE Sunni Shafi'i

Tafsir al-Jalalayn an-Nazi`at النَّازِعَات (Those Who Drag Forth, Soul-snatchers, Those Who Pulled Out) 46 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
79:1 ›
وَالنَّازِعَاتِ غَرْقًا
Abdel Haleem
By the forceful charger
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

By those that wrest by the angels who wrest the souls of disbelievers violently;

Connections 6 multi-source 11 single-source 3 commentators

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79:2 ›
وَالنَّاشِطَاتِ نَشْطًا
Abdel Haleem
raring to go
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

by those that draw out by the angels who draw out the souls of believers gently;

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:3 ›
وَالسَّابِحَاتِ سَبْحًا
Abdel Haleem
sweeping ahead at full stretch
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

by those that glide serenely by the angels who descend from the heavens with His command exalted be He;

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:4 ›
فَالسَّابِقَاتِ سَبْقًا
Abdel Haleem
overtaking swiftl
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

by those that race forward by the angels who race forward to Paradise with the souls of believers;

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:5 ›
فَالْمُدَبِّرَاتِ أَمْرًا
Abdel Haleem
to bring the matter to an end
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and by those that direct the affair by the angels who direct the affairs of this world that is to say they descend with the directions for it from God the response to all of these oath clauses has been omitted understood to be something like la-tub‘athunna yā kuffāra Makka ‘you shall certainly be resurrected O disbelievers of Mecca!’ which is also the operator of the following clause

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:6 ›
يَوْمَ تَرْجُفُ الرَّاجِفَةُ
Abdel Haleem
on the Day when the blast reverberate
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

the day when the Tremor quakes that is to say the first blast as a result of which everything will be shaken violently thus it the subject has been described in terms of the effect it produces

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:7 ›
تَتْبَعُهَا الرَّادِفَةُ
Abdel Haleem
and the second blast follows
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and is followed by the Aftershock the second blast; between the two blasts is a span of forty years the sentence tatba‘uhā’l-rādifatu is a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-rājifa ‘the Tremor’ in other words the ‘day’ can adverbially accommodate both blasts and other events and so for this reason it can also properly function as the adverbial qualifier for the Resurrection that will take place after the second blast;

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:8 ›
قُلُوبٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَاجِفَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
hearts will trembl
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

on that day hearts will be trembling frightened and anxious

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:9 ›
أَبْصَارُهَا خَاشِعَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
and eyes will be downcast
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

their eyes humbled abject because of the terror that they see.

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:10 ›
يَقُولُونَ أَإِنَّا لَمَرْدُودُونَ فِي الْحَافِرَةِ
Abdel Haleem
They say, ‘What? shall we be brought back to life
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

They those of the mentioned hearts and eyes will say mockingly and in rejection of the Resurrection ‘Are we indeed read a-innā pronouncing both hamzas or by not pronouncing the second and inserting an alif between them in both cases and in both instances being restored as before? Shall we be restored to life after death al-hāfira is a noun signifying the ‘first part’ of anything from which is derived the expression raja‘a fī hāfiratihi to mean that so and so ‘returned whence he had come’.

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:11 ›
أَإِذَا كُنَّا عِظَامًا نَّخِرَةً
Abdel Haleem
after we have turned into decayed bones?’ and they say
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

What! When we have been decayed bones?’ nakhira a variant reading has nākhira ‘decayed and withered’ will we have life again?

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:12 ›
قَالُوا تِلْكَ إِذًا كَرَّةٌ خَاسِرَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
‘Such a return is impossible!’
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

They will say ‘That return of ours to life then if it were true would be a ruinous return!’.

Connections 10 single-source 1 commentator

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79:13 ›
فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ زَجْرَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ
Abdel Haleem
But all it will take is a single blast
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

God exalted be He says But it the Aftershock which will be followed by the Resurrection will be only a single blast and so when it is blasted

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:14 ›
فَإِذَا هُم بِالسَّاهِرَةِ
Abdel Haleem
and they will be back above ground
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

behold then they all creatures will be upon the surface of the earth alive after having been dead inside it.

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

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79:15 ›
هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ مُوسَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Have you [Prophet] heard the story of Moses
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Have you O Muhammad (s) received the story of Moses hadīthu Mūsā operates the clause that follows

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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79:16 ›
إِذْ نَادَاهُ رَبُّهُ بِالْوَادِ الْمُقَدَّسِ طُوًى
Abdel Haleem
His Lord called out to him in the sacred valley of Tuwa
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

when his Lord called out to him in the holy valley of Tuwā? — this is the name of the valley it may be read with nunation Tuwan or without — and He said

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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79:17 ›
اذْهَبْ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُ طَغَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
‘Go to Pharaoh, for he has exceeded all bounds
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

‘Go to Pharaoh; he has indeed become rebellious he has exceeded all bounds with his disbelief

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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79:18 ›
فَقُلْ هَل لَّكَ إِلَىٰ أَن تَزَكَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
and ask him, “Do you want to purify yourself [of sin]
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and say “Would you — I call you to — purify yourself tazakkā a variant reading has tazzakkā where the original second tā’ of tatazakkā has been assimilated with the zāy to purge yourself of idolatry by bearing witness that there is no god but God

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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79:19 ›
وَأَهْدِيَكَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَتَخْشَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Do you want me to guide you to your Lord, so that you may hold Him in awe?” ’
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and allow me to guide you to your Lord to show you how to know Him ma‘rifa by way of proofs so that you may have fear of Him?” ’

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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79:20 ›
فَأَرَاهُ الْآيَةَ الْكُبْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Moses showed him the great sign
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

So he showed him the greatest sign from among His nine signs namely the glowing hand or the slithering staff.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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79:21 ›
فَكَذَّبَ وَعَصَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
but he denied it and refused [the faith]
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

But he Pharaoh denied Moses and disobeyed God exalted be He.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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79:22 ›
ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ يَسْعَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
He turned away and hastil
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Then he turned his back to faith going about in haste throughout the land causing corruption.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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79:23 ›
فَحَشَرَ فَنَادَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
gathered his people, proclaiming
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Then he gathered he assembled the sorcerers and his armies and proclaimed

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79:24 ›
فَقَالَ أَنَا رَبُّكُمُ الْأَعْلَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
‘I am your supreme lord,’
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and said ‘I am your most high lord!’ above whom is no other lord.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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79:25 ›
فَأَخَذَهُ اللَّهُ نَكَالَ الْآخِرَةِ وَالْأُولَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
so God condemned him to punishment in the life to come as well as in this life
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

So God seized him He destroyed him by drowning him as punishment for the latter that is to say these last words of his and for the former that is to say his saying previously ‘I do not know of any god for you other than me’ Q. 2838 — and between the two claims made by Pharaoh was an interval of forty years.

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79:26 ›
إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لِّمَن يَخْشَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
there truly is a lesson in this for anyone who stands in awe of God
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Assuredly in that which is mentioned there is a moral for him who fears God exalted be He.

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79:27 ›
أَأَنتُمْ أَشَدُّ خَلْقًا أَمِ السَّمَاءُ بَنَاهَا
Abdel Haleem
Which is harder to create: you people or the sky that He built
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Are you read a-antum pronouncing both hamzas or by substituting an alif for the second one not pronouncing it and inserting an alif between the one not pronounced and the former or without this insertion namely you the deniers of the Resurrection harder to create or the heaven which He has built? harder to create banāhā an explication of the manner of its creation.

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79:28 ›
رَفَعَ سَمْكَهَا فَسَوَّاهَا
Abdel Haleem
raising it high and perfecting it
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

He made it rise high — an explication of the manner of its construction; in other words He made its vertical extension high; it is also said that samkahā means ‘its ceiling’ — and levelled it He made it even flawless

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79:29 ›
وَأَغْطَشَ لَيْلَهَا وَأَخْرَجَ ضُحَاهَا
Abdel Haleem
giving darkness to its night and bringing out its morning brightness
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and darkened its night and brought forth its day He exposed the light of its sun ‘night’ has been annexed to it the heaven because it represents its shade and likewise the ‘sun’ because it represents its light;

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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79:30 ›
وَالْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَاهَا
Abdel Haleem
and the earth, too, He spread out
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and after that He spread out the earth He made it flat for it had been created before the heaven but without having been spread out;

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

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79:31 ›
أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا مَاءَهَا وَمَرْعَاهَا
Abdel Haleem
bringing waters and pastures out of it
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

from it He has brought forth akhraja a circumstantial qualifier with a suppressed preceding qad that is to say mukhrijan ‘bringing forth from it’ its waters by making its springs gush forth and its pastures what cattle graze of trees and herbage and what humans consume of foods and fruits the use of mar‘ā to express this of the earth is figurative

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:32 ›
وَالْجِبَالَ أَرْسَاهَا
Abdel Haleem
and setting firm mountains [in it]
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and has set firm the mountains on the face of the earth so that it stays still

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:33 ›
مَتَاعًا لَّكُمْ وَلِأَنْعَامِكُمْ
Abdel Haleem
for you and your animals to enjoy
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

as a source of sustenance an object denoting reason for an implied verbal clause in other words fa‘ala dhālika mut‘atan or tamtī‘an ‘He did this to provide a source of sustenance’ for you and your flocks an‘ām is the plural of na‘am which are camels cows and sheep.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:34 ›
فَإِذَا جَاءَتِ الطَّامَّةُ الْكُبْرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
When the great overwhelming event arrive
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

So when the Greatest Catastrophe befalls — the second blast —

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:35 ›
يَوْمَ يَتَذَكَّرُ الْإِنسَانُ مَا سَعَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
on the Day that man remembers what he has don
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

the day when man will remember yawma yatadhakkaru’l-insānu substitutes for idhā ‘when’ his efforts in the life of the world in the way of good or evil

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:36 ›
وَبُرِّزَتِ الْجَحِيمُ لِمَن يَرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
and Hell is there for all to see
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and the Hell-fire the consuming Fire is revealed for all to see for every on-looker the response to idhā ‘when’ is what follows

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:37 ›
فَأَمَّا مَن طَغَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
for anyone who has transgresse
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

as for him who was rebellious who disbelieved

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:38 ›
وَآثَرَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا
Abdel Haleem
and preferred the present lif
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

and preferred the life of this world by pursuing carnal desires

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:39 ›
فَإِنَّ الْجَحِيمَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Hell will be home
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Hell-fire will indeed be the abode his abode.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:40 ›
وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ وَنَهَى النَّفْسَ عَنِ الْهَوَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
for anyone who feared the meeting with his Lord and restrained himself from base desires
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

But as for him who feared the stance before his Lord his standing before Him and forbade the evil-bidding soul from pursuing desire that leads to perdition as a result of that person’s lusting after carnal desires

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:41 ›
فَإِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ هِيَ الْمَأْوَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Paradise will be home
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

Paradise will indeed be the abode in sum the response to idhā ‘when’ verse 34 is that the disobedient one will be in the Fire and the obedient one in Paradise.

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:42 ›
يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ أَيَّانَ مُرْسَاهَا
Abdel Haleem
They ask you [Prophet] about the Hour
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

They that is the disbelievers of Mecca will ask you about the Hour when will it set in? when will it come to pass and when will it begin?

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:43 ›
فِيمَ أَنتَ مِن ذِكْرَاهَا
Abdel Haleem
saying, ‘When will it arrive?’, but how can you tell [them that]
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

What have you to do with the mention of it? in other words you have no knowledge of it in order to mention it.

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:44 ›
إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ مُنتَهَاهَا
Abdel Haleem
Its time is known only to your Lord
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

With your Lord it belongs ultimately ultimate knowledge of it lies with Him; none other than Him has any knowledge of it.

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:45 ›
إِنَّمَا أَنتَ مُنذِرُ مَن يَخْشَاهَا
Abdel Haleem
you are only sent to warn those who fear it
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

You are only a warner for your warning will only benefit the one who fears it.

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

79:46 ›
كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَهَا لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا عَشِيَّةً أَوْ ضُحَاهَا
Abdel Haleem
On the Day they see it, it will seem they lingered [in this life] an evening [at most,] or its morning
Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli & al-Suyuti

The day they see it it will be as if they had only tarried in their graves for an evening or the morning thereof that is to say as if only one evening of a day or its morning the annexation of duhā ‘morning’ to ‘ashiyya ‘evening’ is valid on the basis of their contiguity since both constitute either side of the day; the annexation has also allowed for the word to fall in harmony with the end-rhyme of the verses.

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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