Tafsir al-Tustari

Sahl al-Tustari — b. 203 AH / 818 CE · d. 283 AH / 896 CE Sunni (Sufi) Early Sufi Master

Tafsir al-Tustari al-Munafiqun المُنَافِقُون (The Hypocrites) 11 verses · Medinan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
63:1 ›
إِذَا جَاۤءَكَ ٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقُونَ قَالُوا۟ نَشۡهَدُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُ ٱللَّهِۗ وَٱللَّهُ یَعۡلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُهُۥ وَٱللَّهُ یَشۡهَدُ إِنَّ ٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِینَ لَكَـٰذِبُونَ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
When the hypocrites come to you [Prophet], they say, ‘We bear witness that you are the Messenger of God.’ God knows that you truly are His Messenger and He bears witness that the hypocrites are liars––
Sahl al-Tustari

�and God bears witness that the hypocrites truly are liars.He said:[This was] because they affirmed with their tongues what their hearts did not acknowledge. This is why He named them hypocrites. Whoever knows [the truth] with his heart and affirms it with his tongue, yet without any excuse does not perform with his bodily members (bi-arkānihi) that which God has made compulsory for him, is like Iblīs, may God curse him, who knew it [the truth] and affirmed it, but did not act upon His commandments.He further said:Hypocrisy (nifāq) is of two kinds: [one is] a belief (ʿaqd) held in the heart which is contradicted outwardly on the tongue, just as He has said, Exalted is He: They say with their tongues what is not in their hearts [48:11]; the other is the hypocrisy of the natural self (nafs al-ṭabʿ) towards the person to whom it belongs, and this was referred to by the Prophet when he said, �The hidden association [idolatry] (shirk) in my community is more hidden than the crawling of an ant across a boulder on a dark night.� His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 6 multi-source 4 single-source 6 commentators

Multi-source connections cited by 2+ commentators

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

63:2 ›
ٱتَّخَذُوۤا۟ أَیۡمَـٰنَهُمۡ جُنَّةࣰ فَصَدُّوا۟ عَن سَبِیلِ ٱللَّهِۚ إِنَّهُمۡ سَاۤءَ مَا كَانُوا۟ یَعۡمَلُونَ ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
they use their oaths as a cover and so bar others from God’s way: what they have been doing is truly evil––
Connections 3 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

63:3 ›
ذَ ٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ ءَامَنُوا۟ ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا۟ فَطُبِعَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمۡ فَهُمۡ لَا یَفۡقَهُونَ ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
because they professed faith and then rejected it, so their hearts have been sealed and they do not understand
Connections 3 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

63:4 ›
۞ وَإِذَا رَأَیۡتَهُمۡ تُعۡجِبُكَ أَجۡسَامُهُمۡۖ وَإِن یَقُولُوا۟ تَسۡمَعۡ لِقَوۡلِهِمۡۖ كَأَنَّهُمۡ خُشُبࣱ مُّسَنَّدَةࣱۖ یَحۡسَبُونَ كُلَّ صَیۡحَةٍ عَلَیۡهِمۡۚ هُمُ ٱلۡعَدُوُّ فَٱحۡذَرۡهُمۡۚ قَـٰتَلَهُمُ ٱللَّهُۖ أَنَّىٰ یُؤۡفَكُونَ ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
When you see them [Prophet], their outward appearance pleases you; when they speak, you listen to what they say. But they are like propped-up tim-bers––they think every cry they hear is against them––and they are the enemy. Beware of them. May God confound them! How devious they are
Connections 3 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

63:5 ›
وَإِذَا قِیلَ لَهُمۡ تَعَالَوۡا۟ یَسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ لَوَّوۡا۟ رُءُوسَهُمۡ وَرَأَیۡتَهُمۡ یَصُدُّونَ وَهُم مُّسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
They turn their heads away in disdain when they are told, ‘Come, so that the Messenger of God may ask forgiveness for you,’ and you see them walking away arrogantly
63:6 ›
سَوَاۤءٌ عَلَیۡهِمۡ أَسۡتَغۡفَرۡتَ لَهُمۡ أَمۡ لَمۡ تَسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُمۡ لَن یَغۡفِرَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا یَهۡدِی ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلۡفَـٰسِقِینَ ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
It makes no difference whether you ask forgiveness for them or not, God will not forgive them: God does not guide such treacherous people
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

63:7 ›
هُمُ ٱلَّذِینَ یَقُولُونَ لَا تُنفِقُوا۟ عَلَىٰ مَنۡ عِندَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ حَتَّىٰ یَنفَضُّوا۟ۗ وَلِلَّهِ خَزَاۤىِٕنُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِینَ لَا یَفۡقَهُونَ ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
They are the ones who say, ‘Give nothing to those who follow God’s Messenger, until they abandon him’, but to God belong the treasures of the heavens and earth, though the hypocrites do not understand this
63:8 ›
یَقُولُونَ لَىِٕن رَّجَعۡنَاۤ إِلَى ٱلۡمَدِینَةِ لَیُخۡرِجَنَّ ٱلۡأَعَزُّ مِنۡهَا ٱلۡأَذَلَّۚ وَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡعِزَّةُ وَلِرَسُولِهِۦ وَلِلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِینَ لَا یَعۡلَمُونَ ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
They say, ‘Once we return to Medina the powerful will drive out the weak,’ but power belongs to God, to His Messenger, and to the believers, though the hypocrites do not know this
63:9 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تُلۡهِكُمۡ أَمۡوَ ٰلُكُمۡ وَلَاۤ أَوۡلَـٰدُكُمۡ عَن ذِكۡرِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَمَن یَفۡعَلۡ ذَ ٰلِكَ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلۡخَـٰسِرُونَ ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
Believers, do not let your wealth and your children distract you from remembering God: those who do so will be the ones who lose
Sahl al-Tustari

O you who believe, do not let your wealth and your children distract you�from performing your religious duties on time. For whoever is distracted from the remembranceof God or His service (khidma) by some phenomenon, or something for the sake of his lust (shayʾan li-shahwatihi), [if then] he experiences [thereby] exultation (nashāṭ) in his devotions, he is deluded (makhdūʿ),ʿsave in [those religious duties] which God, Mighty and Majestic is He, accepts.It has been related that once [when he was ailing] Salmān was visited by Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ. Salmān wept, so Saʿd asked him, �What could be making you weep, O Abū ʿAbd Allāh, when our Master the Messenger of God was content with you when he died, and you will meet your companions again and will drink from his pool?� Salmān said, �I do not weep out of fear of death or because of an avid attachment to the world, but rather because the Messenger of God enjoined on us a commitment and said: �Let the provision that one of you takes from this world be like the victuals a rider [traveller] (rākib) takes [for his journey].� I have all these cushions around me, but all the Prophet had around him was his blanket, his washing vesseland a bowl for food.� Saʿd said: �O Abū ʿAbd Allāh! Enjoin on us a pledge to which we cancommit ourselves after you have gone.� He said: �O Saʿd! Remember God, Exalted is He, when you have a concern that worries you, when you are making a judgement and when you are about to make an oath.� But God, Exalted is He, knows best what is correct.His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

63:10 ›
وَأَنفِقُوا۟ مِن مَّا رَزَقۡنَـٰكُم مِّن قَبۡلِ أَن یَأۡتِیَ أَحَدَكُمُ ٱلۡمَوۡتُ فَیَقُولَ رَبِّ لَوۡلَاۤ أَخَّرۡتَنِیۤ إِلَىٰۤ أَجَلࣲ قَرِیبࣲ فَأَصَّدَّقَ وَأَكُن مِّنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِینَ ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
Give out of what We have provided for you, before death comes to one of you and he says, ‘My Lord, if You would only reprieve me for a little while, I would give in charity and become one of the righteous.’
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

63:11 ›
وَلَن یُؤَخِّرَ ٱللَّهُ نَفۡسًا إِذَا جَاۤءَ أَجَلُهَاۚ وَٱللَّهُ خَبِیرُۢ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
God does not reprieve a soul when its turn comes: God is fully aware of what you do
Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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