Tafsir al-Tustari

Sahl al-Tustari — b. 203 AH / 818 CE · d. 283 AH / 896 CE Sunni (Sufi) Early Sufi Master

Tafsir al-Tustari al-Mutaffifin المُطَفِّفِين (Defrauding, The Defrauders, The Cheats, Cheating) 36 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
83:1 ›
وَيْلٌ لِّلْمُطَفِّفِينَ
Abdel Haleem
Woe to those who give short measure
Sahl al-Tustari

Woe to the defrauders!He said:They are the hypocrites and those who take on their characteristics, stinting in their prayer. Thus did Salmān [al-Fārisī] say, �The prayer is the balance (mikyāl); whoever deals faithfully will be rewarded his due, but as for whoever stints � you already know what God, Exalted is He, has said concerning the defrauders (muṭaffifūn): Will you bid others to piety and forget yourselves...? [2:44]. You vilify them for the slips they make that are typical of the faults of men, and yet you commit similar misdeeds and those which are more abominable still.� No one looks upon the slips of [other] people except an ignorant wrongdoer, and no one [may] make known that which he has looked upon [of the faults of others] except God. Indeed it has been related that God spoke to David through inspiration the words, �I complain of My servants to you, O David!� He asked, �And why is that, my Lord?� He replied, �It is because they sin in secret and repent in public, and truly I do not wish anyone to look upon the sin of my servant besides Me.�ʿUmar b. Wāṣil said that he had asked Sahl about God�s words, Nay, on that day they will be veiled from their Lord [83:15]. He replied:In this life they are veiled from the Commander (al-Āmir) and the Restrainer (al-Zājir). Thus it was related in a report, �Happy is the one whose heart acts for him as an admonisher and whose intellect as a restrainer.� So if a person wants something from which God is absent, they [the heart and intellect] will hold him back from it. � [But as for those mentioned in the verse], in the Hereafter they are veiled from the [divine] mercy, and from being able to behold God, Mighty and Majestic is He, and are deprived of His looking upon them with His good pleasure (riḍā) and satisfaction (riḍwān) when He questions them. Just as He has said, But [first] stop them, for they must be questioned [37:24] about [their] religion (diyāna), and they will not be able to shake off the evidence against them, so He will put them into the Hellfire.

Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:2 ›
الَّذِينَ إِذَا اكْتَالُوا عَلَى النَّاسِ يَسْتَوْفُونَ
Abdel Haleem
who demand of other people full measure for themselves
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:3 ›
وَإِذَا كَالُوهُمْ أَو وَّزَنُوهُمْ يُخْسِرُونَ
Abdel Haleem
but give less than they should when it is they who weigh or measure for others
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:4 ›
أَلَا يَظُنُّ أُولَٰئِكَ أَنَّهُم مَّبْعُوثُونَ
Abdel Haleem
Do these people not realize that they will be raised u
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:5 ›
لِيَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
on a mighty Day
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:6 ›
يَوْمَ يَقُومُ النَّاسُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
Abdel Haleem
a Day when everyone will stand before the Lord of the Worlds
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

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83:7 ›
كَلَّا إِنَّ كِتَابَ الْفُجَّارِ لَفِي سِجِّينٍ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! The list of the wicked is in Sijjin––
Connections 8 single-source 2 commentators

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83:8 ›
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا سِجِّينٌ
Abdel Haleem
what will explain to you what Sijjin is?––
Connections 8 single-source 2 commentators

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83:9 ›
كِتَابٌ مَّرْقُومٌ
Abdel Haleem
a clearly numbered list
Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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83:10 ›
وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ
Abdel Haleem
Woe on that day to the deniers
Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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83:11 ›
الَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ
Abdel Haleem
those who deny the Day of Judgement
Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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83:12 ›
وَمَا يُكَذِّبُ بِهِ إِلَّا كُلُّ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
Only the evil aggressor denies it
Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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83:13 ›
إِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا قَالَ أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
Abdel Haleem
when Our revelations are recited to him, he says, ‘Ancient fables!’
Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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83:14 ›
كَلَّا بَلْ رَانَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِم مَّا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! Their hearts are encrusted with what they have done
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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83:15 ›
كَلَّا إِنَّهُمْ عَن رَّبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! On that Day they will be screened offfrom their Lord
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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83:16 ›
ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ لَصَالُو الْجَحِيمِ
Abdel Haleem
they will burn in Hell
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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83:17 ›
ثُمَّ يُقَالُ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كُنتُم بِهِ تُكَذِّبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
and they will be told, ‘This is what you called a lie.’
Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

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83:18 ›
كَلَّا إِنَّ كِتَابَ الْأَبْرَارِ لَفِي عِلِّيِّينَ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! The list of the truly good is in 'Illiyyin––
Sahl al-Tustari

Nay, the record of the pious is in ʿIlliyyūn. He said:The record in its outward meaning in both of the two verses [18 and 19] is a reference to the [record of] deeds, the good and the evil. In its inner meaning it refers to the spirits of the believers and the spirits of the disbelievers. The spirits of the believers are gathered at the lote tree beyond which none may pass, in the form of green birds which fly freely in Paradise until the Day of Resurrection, stamped (marqūm) with [seal] of [God�s] good pleasure (riḍā) and satisfaction (riḍwān). On the other hand the spirits of the disbelievers are gathered at Sijjīn beneath the lowest earth, under the cheek of Satan, may God curse him, branded with hostility (ʿadāwa) and wrath (ghaḍab). His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:19 ›
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا عِلِّيُّونَ
Abdel Haleem
what will explain to you what 'Illiyyin is?––
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:20 ›
كِتَابٌ مَّرْقُومٌ
Abdel Haleem
a clearly written list
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:21 ›
يَشْهَدُهُ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
witnessed by those brought near
Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:22 ›
إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ لَفِي نَعِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
The truly good will live in bliss
Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:23 ›
عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ يَنظُرُونَ
Abdel Haleem
seated on couches, gazing around
Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:24 ›
تَعْرِفُ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ نَضْرَةَ النَّعِيمِ
Abdel Haleem
You will recognize on their faces the radiance of bliss
Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:25 ›
يُسْقَوْنَ مِن رَّحِيقٍ مَّخْتُومٍ
Abdel Haleem
They will be served a sealed nectar
Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:26 ›
خِتَامُهُ مِسْكٌ وَفِي ذَٰلِكَ فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ الْمُتَنَافِسُونَ
Abdel Haleem
its seal [perfumed with] a fragrant herb––let those who strive, strive for this––
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:27 ›
وَمِزَاجُهُ مِن تَسْنِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
mixed with the water of Tasnim
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:28 ›
عَيْنًا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا الْمُقَرَّبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
a spring from which those brought near will drink
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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83:29 ›
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا كَانُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَضْحَكُونَ
Abdel Haleem
The wicked used to laugh at the believers––
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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83:30 ›
وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِهِمْ يَتَغَامَزُونَ
Abdel Haleem
they would wink at one another when the believers passed by them
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

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83:31 ›
وَإِذَا انقَلَبُوا إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِمُ انقَلَبُوا فَكِهِينَ
Abdel Haleem
joke about them when they got back to their own people
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

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83:32 ›
وَإِذَا رَأَوْهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ لَضَالُّونَ
Abdel Haleem
and say, when they saw them, ‘These people are misguided,’
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

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83:33 ›
وَمَا أُرْسِلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَافِظِينَ
Abdel Haleem
though they were not sent to be their keepers
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

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Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

83:34 ›
فَالْيَوْمَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ يَضْحَكُونَ
Abdel Haleem
so today the believers are laughing at the disbeliever
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

83:35 ›
عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ يَنظُرُونَ
Abdel Haleem
as they sit on couches, gazing around
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

83:36 ›
هَلْ ثُوِّبَ الْكُفَّارُ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ
Abdel Haleem
Have the disbelievers [not] been repaid for their deeds
Sahl al-Tustari

Have the disbelievers been requited for what they did? [Concerning these words Sahl also] said:In this verse there is a clear proof confirming that the vision [of God] (rūʾya) will be exclusively for the believers.His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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