Tafsir al-Tustari

Sahl al-Tustari — b. 203 AH / 818 CE · d. 283 AH / 896 CE Sunni (Sufi) Early Sufi Master

Tafsir al-Tustari al-Mulk المُلْك (The Sovereignty, Control, The Kingdom) 30 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
67:1 ›
۞ تَبَـٰرَكَ ٱلَّذِی بِیَدِهِ ٱلۡمُلۡكُ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَیۡءࣲ قَدِیرٌ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
Exalted is He who holds all control in His hands; who has power over all things
Sahl al-Tustari

Blessed be He in whose hand is all sovereignty�He said:That is, Exalted and Magnified is He above having likenesses, sons and rivals. He in whose hand is all sovereignty turns it over through His power (ḥawl) and strength (quwwa), grantingit to whomever He will and removing it from whomever He will, and He is All-Powerful (al-Qādir) over it.His words, Exalted is He:�and He has power over all things,! He who created death and life�He said:Death in this world is in disobedience, and life in the Hereafter is in obedience. It was for this reason that God, Exalted is He, addressed Moses saying, �O Moses, truly the first of my creatures to die was Iblīs, may God�s curse be on him, because he disobeyed Me, and I count the one who disobeys Me as being from among the dead.�Then he said:Death was created in the form of a handsome ram (kabsh amlaḥ). Whatever it passes by and [merely] catches a whiff of it, lives. It has been related in a tradition that the people of Paradise will fear death but the people of Hell will wish for death. It will be brought in the form of a handsomeram. Then it will be said, �This is death, so behold what God is going to do with it.� Then it will be turned on its side and slaughtered. Thereupon God, Exalted is He, will [re] make it in the form of a horse which will be set free to graze in Paradise. Whoever among the inhabitants of Paradise sees it will enjoy its company, without realising that it is death. His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 5 multi-source 3 single-source 4 commentators

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67:2 ›
ٱلَّذِی خَلَقَ ٱلۡمَوۡتَ وَٱلۡحَیَوٰةَ لِیَبۡلُوَكُمۡ أَیُّكُمۡ أَحۡسَنُ عَمَلࣰاۚ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِیزُ ٱلۡغَفُورُ ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
who created death and life to test you [people] and reveal which of you does best––He is the Mighty, the Forgiving
Sahl al-Tustari

..and He has power over all things,! He who created death and life�He said:Death in this world is in disobedience, and life in the Hereafter is in obedience. It was for this reason that God, Exalted is He, addressed Moses saying, �O Moses, truly the first of my creatures to die was Iblīs, may God�s curse be on him, because he disobeyed Me, and I count the one who disobeys Me as being from among the dead.�Then he said:Death was created in the form of a handsome ram (kabsh amlaḥ). Whatever it passes by and [merely] catches a whiff of it, lives. It has been related in a tradition that the people of Paradise will fear death but the people of Hell will wish for death. It will be brought in the form of a handsomeram. Then it will be said, �This is death, so behold what God is going to do with it.� Then it will be turned on its side and slaughtered. Thereupon God, Exalted is He, will [re] make it in the form of a horse which will be set free to graze in Paradise. Whoever among the inhabitants of Paradise sees it will enjoy its company, without realising that it is death. His words, Exalted is He:�that He may try you [to see] which of you is best in conduct�He said:That is, I keep him from error and I purify him. If he is correct [in conduct] but not sincere, he will not be accepted; ⸢while if he is sincere, but not correct [in conduct] he will not be accepted either⸣. [He will not be accepted] until he is at the same time correct and sincere [in his conduct].The one who is sincere (khāliṣ) is he who [lives] for God, Exalted is He, with the full intention (irāda) of his heart, while the one who is correct (ṣawāb) is he who is on the path of the Sunna and [lives] in accordance with the Book.On another occasion he [Sahl] said:that He may try you [to see] which of you is best in conduct, that is, in putting your trust in Us, being satisfied with Us and journeying [to Us] after the renunciation of this world.

Connections 1 multi-source 6 single-source 2 commentators

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67:3 ›
ٱلَّذِی خَلَقَ سَبۡعَ سَمَـٰوَ ٰتࣲ طِبَاقࣰاۖ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِی خَلۡقِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ مِن تَفَـٰوُتࣲۖ فَٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ هَلۡ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورࣲ ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
who created the seven heavens, one above the other. You will not see any flaw in what the Lord of Mercy creates. Look again! Can you see any flaw
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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67:4 ›
ثُمَّ ٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ كَرَّتَیۡنِ یَنقَلِبۡ إِلَیۡكَ ٱلۡبَصَرُ خَاسِئࣰا وَهُوَ حَسِیرࣱ ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
Look again! And again! Your sight will turn back to you, weak and defeated
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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67:5 ›
وَلَقَدۡ زَیَّنَّا ٱلسَّمَاۤءَ ٱلدُّنۡیَا بِمَصَـٰبِیحَ وَجَعَلۡنَـٰهَا رُجُومࣰا لِّلشَّیَـٰطِینِۖ وَأَعۡتَدۡنَا لَهُمۡ عَذَابَ ٱلسَّعِیرِ ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
We have adorned the lowest heaven with lamps and made them [missiles] for stoning devils for whom We have also prepared the torment of a blazing fire
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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67:6 ›
وَلِلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ بِرَبِّهِمۡ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَۖ وَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمَصِیرُ ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
For those who defy their Lord We have prepared the torment of Hell: an evil destination
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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67:7 ›
إِذَاۤ أُلۡقُوا۟ فِیهَا سَمِعُوا۟ لَهَا شَهِیقࣰا وَهِیَ تَفُورُ ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
They will hear it drawing in its breath when they are thrown in. It blazes forth
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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67:8 ›
تَكَادُ تَمَیَّزُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَیۡظِۖ كُلَّمَاۤ أُلۡقِیَ فِیهَا فَوۡجࣱ سَأَلَهُمۡ خَزَنَتُهَاۤ أَلَمۡ یَأۡتِكُمۡ نَذِیرࣱ ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
almost bursting with rage. Its keepers will ask every group that is thrown in, ‘Did no one come to warn you?’
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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67:9 ›
قَالُوا۟ بَلَىٰ قَدۡ جَاۤءَنَا نَذِیرࣱ فَكَذَّبۡنَا وَقُلۡنَا مَا نَزَّلَ ٱللَّهُ مِن شَیۡءٍ إِنۡ أَنتُمۡ إِلَّا فِی ضَلَـٰلࣲ كَبِیرࣲ ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
They will reply, ‘Yes, a warner did come to us, but we did not believe him. We said, “God has revealed nothing: you are greatly misguided”.’
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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67:10 ›
وَقَالُوا۟ لَوۡ كُنَّا نَسۡمَعُ أَوۡ نَعۡقِلُ مَا كُنَّا فِیۤ أَصۡحَـٰبِ ٱلسَّعِیرِ ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
They will say, ‘If only we had listened, or reasoned, we would not be with the inhabitants of the blazing fire,’ an
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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67:11 ›
فَٱعۡتَرَفُوا۟ بِذَنۢبِهِمۡ فَسُحۡقࣰا لِّأَصۡحَـٰبِ ٱلسَّعِیرِ ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
they will confess their sins. Away with the inhabitants of the blazing fire
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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67:12 ›
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِینَ یَخۡشَوۡنَ رَبَّهُم بِٱلۡغَیۡبِ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةࣱ وَأَجۡرࣱ كَبِیرࣱ ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
But there is forgiveness and a great reward for those who fear their Lord though they cannot see Him
Sahl al-Tustari

Assuredly those who fear their Lord in secret�That is, they fear their Lord in their innermost secret (sirr), and they keep their innermost secret pure from other than Him.His words, Exalted is He:

67:13 ›
وَأَسِرُّوا۟ قَوۡلَكُمۡ أَوِ ٱجۡهَرُوا۟ بِهِۦۤۖ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِیمُۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
Whether you keep your words secret or state them openly, He knows the contents of every heart
67:14 ›
أَلَا یَعۡلَمُ مَنۡ خَلَقَ وَهُوَ ٱللَّطِیفُ ٱلۡخَبِیرُ ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
How could He who created not know His own creation, when He is the Most Subtle, the All Aware
Sahl al-Tustari

Would He who has created not know�?Does the One who created the heart not know what He deposited within it, [whether it be] the attestation of His oneness (tawḥīd) or denial (juḥūd). He is the Subtle, in His knowledge of the secrets concealed within the core of hearts (lubb al-qulūb), just as the Prophet said, �Truly within hearts there is a concealed secret (sirr maknūn) pertaining to knowledge, which belongs to God, Exalted is He�; the Aware � He informs you of what is [hidden for] you in the unseen (fī ghaybik).His words, Exalted is He:

67:15 ›
هُوَ ٱلَّذِی جَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ ذَلُولࣰا فَٱمۡشُوا۟ فِی مَنَاكِبِهَا وَكُلُوا۟ مِن رِّزۡقِهِۦۖ وَإِلَیۡهِ ٱلنُّشُورُ ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
It is He who has made the earth manageable for you––travel its regions; eat His provision- and to Him you will be resurrected
Sahl al-Tustari

It is He who has made the earth tractable for you�He said:God, Exalted is He, created the souls (anfūs) in a humble state. Whoever abases (adhalla) his self (nafs) by opposing it, actually saves it from temptations, tribulations and trials. However, whoeverdebases (adhalla) his self and follows it, will be brought to humiliation and destroyed by it.His words, Mighty and Majestic is He:

67:16 ›
ءَأَمِنتُم مَّن فِی ٱلسَّمَاۤءِ أَن یَخۡسِفَ بِكُمُ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ فَإِذَا هِیَ تَمُورُ ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
Are you sure that He who is in Heaven will not make the earth swallow you up with a violent shudder
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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67:17 ›
أَمۡ أَمِنتُم مَّن فِی ٱلسَّمَاۤءِ أَن یُرۡسِلَ عَلَیۡكُمۡ حَاصِبࣰاۖ فَسَتَعۡلَمُونَ كَیۡفَ نَذِیرِ ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
Are you sure that He who is in Heaven will not send a whirlwind to pelt you with stones? You will come to know what My warning means
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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67:18 ›
وَلَقَدۡ كَذَّبَ ٱلَّذِینَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ فَكَیۡفَ كَانَ نَكِیرِ ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
Those who went before them also disbelieved- how terrible was My condemnation
Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

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67:19 ›
أَوَ لَمۡ یَرَوۡا۟ إِلَى ٱلطَّیۡرِ فَوۡقَهُمۡ صَـٰۤفَّـٰتࣲ وَیَقۡبِضۡنَۚ مَا یُمۡسِكُهُنَّ إِلَّا ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنُۚ إِنَّهُۥ بِكُلِّ شَیۡءِۭ بَصِیرٌ ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
Do they not see the birds above them spreading and closing their wings? It is only the Lord of Mercy who holds them up: He watches over everything
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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67:20 ›
أَمَّنۡ هَـٰذَا ٱلَّذِی هُوَ جُندࣱ لَّكُمۡ یَنصُرُكُم مِّن دُونِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِۚ إِنِ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ إِلَّا فِی غُرُورٍ ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
What force can help you if the Lord of Mercy does not? The disbelievers are truly deluded
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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67:21 ›
أَمَّنۡ هَـٰذَا ٱلَّذِی یَرۡزُقُكُمۡ إِنۡ أَمۡسَكَ رِزۡقَهُۥۚ بَل لَّجُّوا۟ فِی عُتُوࣲّ وَنُفُورٍ ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
Who can provide for you if He withholds His provision? Yet they persist in their insolence and their avoidance of the Truth
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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67:22 ›
أَفَمَن یَمۡشِی مُكِبًّا عَلَىٰ وَجۡهِهِۦۤ أَهۡدَىٰۤ أَمَّن یَمۡشِی سَوِیًّا عَلَىٰ صِرَ ٰطࣲ مُّسۡتَقِیمࣲ ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
Who is better guided: someone who falls on his face, or someone who walks steadily on a straight path
Sahl al-Tustari

Is he who walks prone upon his face, more rightly guided�?He said:Is he who is bent over [in pursuit] of the desire of his lower self, due to its natural disposition, and who is without guidance from his Lord, better guided?�or one who walks upright on a straight way?He said:By which is meant: or one who follows the laws of Islam, and emulates the prophets, ⸢adhering to it [the straight path] (muqīman ʿalayhi)⸣? But God, Glorified and Exalted is He, knows best. His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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67:23 ›
قُلۡ هُوَ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَنشَأَكُمۡ وَجَعَلَ لَكُمُ ٱلسَّمۡعَ وَٱلۡأَبۡصَـٰرَ وَٱلۡأَفۡءِدَةَۚ قَلِیلࣰا مَّا تَشۡكُرُونَ ۝٢٣
Abdel Haleem
Say [Prophet], ‘It is He who brought you into being, He who endowed you with hearing, sight, and understanding- what small thanks you give!’
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

67:24 ›
قُلۡ هُوَ ٱلَّذِی ذَرَأَكُمۡ فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَإِلَیۡهِ تُحۡشَرُونَ ۝٢٤
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘It is He who scattered you throughout the earth, He to whom you will be gathered.’
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

67:25 ›
وَیَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هَـٰذَا ٱلۡوَعۡدُ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَـٰدِقِینَ ۝٢٥
Abdel Haleem
They say, ‘If what you say is true, when will this promise be fulfilled?’
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

67:26 ›
قُلۡ إِنَّمَا ٱلۡعِلۡمُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَإِنَّمَاۤ أَنَا۠ نَذِیرࣱ مُّبِینࣱ ۝٢٦
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘God alone has knowledge of this: my only duty is to give clear warning.’
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

67:27 ›
فَلَمَّا رَأَوۡهُ زُلۡفَةࣰ سِیۤءَتۡ وُجُوهُ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَقِیلَ هَـٰذَا ٱلَّذِی كُنتُم بِهِۦ تَدَّعُونَ ۝٢٧
Abdel Haleem
When they see it close at hand, the disbelievers’ faces will be gloomy, and it will be said, ‘This is what you were calling for.’
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

67:28 ›
قُلۡ أَرَءَیۡتُمۡ إِنۡ أَهۡلَكَنِیَ ٱللَّهُ وَمَن مَّعِیَ أَوۡ رَحِمَنَا فَمَن یُجِیرُ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ مِنۡ عَذَابٍ أَلِیمࣲ ۝٢٨
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘Just think- regardless of whether God destroys me and my followers or has mercy on us- who will protect the disbelievers from an agonizing torment?’
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

67:29 ›
قُلۡ هُوَ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنُ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦ وَعَلَیۡهِ تَوَكَّلۡنَاۖ فَسَتَعۡلَمُونَ مَنۡ هُوَ فِی ضَلَـٰلࣲ مُّبِینࣲ ۝٢٩
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘He is the Lord of Mercy; we believe in Him; we put our trust in Him. You will come to know in time who is in obvious error.’
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

67:30 ›
قُلۡ أَرَءَیۡتُمۡ إِنۡ أَصۡبَحَ مَاۤؤُكُمۡ غَوۡرࣰا فَمَن یَأۡتِیكُم بِمَاۤءࣲ مَّعِینِۭ ۝٣٠
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘Just think: if all your water were to sink deep into the earth who could give you flowing water in its place?’
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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