Tafsir al-Tustari

Sahl al-Tustari — b. 203 AH / 818 CE · d. 283 AH / 896 CE Sunni (Sufi) Early Sufi Master

Tafsir al-Tustari al-Fath الفَتْح (Victory, Conquest) 29 verses · Medinan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
48:1 ›
إِنَّا فَتَحۡنَا لَكَ فَتۡحࣰا مُّبِینࣰا ۝١
Abdel Haleem
Truly We have opened up a path to clear triumph for you [Prophet]
Sahl al-Tustari

Verily, We have given you a clear victory,He said:That is to say, �[We have opened] the secrets of the sciences (asrār al-ʿulūm) within your heart, so that their traces have become manifested upon you.� They are the signs of [His] love and the fulfilment of [His] bounty.

Connections 7 multi-source 2 single-source 4 commentators

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48:2 ›
لِّیَغۡفِرَ لَكَ ٱللَّهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنۢبِكَ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ وَیُتِمَّ نِعۡمَتَهُۥ عَلَیۡكَ وَیَهۡدِیَكَ صِرَ ٰطࣰا مُّسۡتَقِیمࣰا ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
so that God may forgive you your past and future sins, complete His grace upon you, guide you to a straight path
Sahl al-Tustari

that God may forgive you what is past of your sin and what is to come� He said:That is, what is past, of the sin that your father Adam [committed] while you were in his loins, and what is to come, of the sins of your community, as you are their leader (qāʾid) and guide (dalīl).His words:

48:3 ›
وَیَنصُرَكَ ٱللَّهُ نَصۡرًا عَزِیزًا ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
and help you mightily
48:4 ›
هُوَ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِینَةَ فِی قُلُوبِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ لِیَزۡدَادُوۤا۟ إِیمَـٰنࣰا مَّعَ إِیمَـٰنِهِمۡۗ وَلِلَّهِ جُنُودُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِیمًا حَكِیمࣰا ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
It was He who made His tranquillity descend into the hearts of the believers, to add faith to their faith––the forces of the heavens and earth belong to God; He is all knowing and all wise––
Sahl al-Tustari

It was He who sent down the spirit of peace (sakīna) into the hearts of the believers�That is, profound peace (ṭumaʾnīna). For God first of all discloses to His servants gnosis (maʿārif), then forms of mediation (wasāʾil), then the spirit of peace (sakīna), and lastly intuitive insights (baṣāʾir). And one to whom God discloses intuitive insights, knows things according to their essences (jawāhir), as did Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq who never erred in speech.His words:And to God belong the forces of the heavens and the earth�He said:His forces (junūd) are of different kinds: His forces in heaven are the prophets (anbiyāʾ), and on earth, [His] friends (awliyāʾ). His forces in heaven are hearts (qulūb), and on the earth, souls (nufūs). Whatever God empowers (sallaṭa) over you, [may be counted as being] among His forces. If He empowers your lower self over you, your lower self will itself destroy you; and likewise, if He empowers your bodily members over you, they themselves will destroy you. If your lower self overpowers your heart, it will drive you to the pursuit of desire (hawā). But if your heart overpowers your lower self and your bodily members, it will tether them with propriety (adab), compel them into worship (ʿibāda), and then adorn them with sincerity in servanthood (ikhlāṣ fi�l-ʿubūdiyya). All of these together amount to God�s forces.His words:

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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48:5 ›
لِّیُدۡخِلَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَـٰتِ جَنَّـٰتࣲ تَجۡرِی مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَـٰرُ خَـٰلِدِینَ فِیهَا وَیُكَفِّرَ عَنۡهُمۡ سَیِّءَاتِهِمۡۚ وَكَانَ ذَ ٰلِكَ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ فَوۡزًا عَظِیمࣰا ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
so as to admit believing men and women into Gardens graced with flowing streams, there to remain, absolving their bad deeds––a great triumph in God’s eyes––
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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48:6 ›
وَیُعَذِّبَ ٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقِینَ وَٱلۡمُنَـٰفِقَـٰتِ وَٱلۡمُشۡرِكِینَ وَٱلۡمُشۡرِكَـٰتِ ٱلظَّاۤنِّینَ بِٱللَّهِ ظَنَّ ٱلسَّوۡءِۚ عَلَیۡهِمۡ دَاۤىِٕرَةُ ٱلسَّوۡءِۖ وَغَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَیۡهِمۡ وَلَعَنَهُمۡ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمۡ جَهَنَّمَۖ وَسَاۤءَتۡ مَصِیرࣰا ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
and to torment the hypocritical and idolatrous men and women who harbour evil thoughts about God––it is they who will be encircled by evil!––who carry the burden of God’s anger, whom God has rejected and for whom He has prepared Hell, an evil destination
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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48:7 ›
وَلِلَّهِ جُنُودُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِیزًا حَكِیمًا ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
The forces of heaven and earth belong to God; He is almighty and all wise
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48:8 ›
إِنَّاۤ أَرۡسَلۡنَـٰكَ شَـٰهِدࣰا وَمُبَشِّرࣰا وَنَذِیرࣰا ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
We have sent you [Prophet] to bring good news and to give warning
Sahl al-Tustari

Indeed We have sent you as a witness, and a bearer of glad tidings and a warner.He said:As a witness to them of the divine oneness (tawḥīd), bringing glad tidings to them of help (maʿūna) and support (taʾyīd), and warning them against falling into innovations (bidaʿ) and errors (ḍalālāt).His words:

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

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48:9 ›
لِّتُؤۡمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُعَزِّرُوهُ وَتُوَقِّرُوهُۚ وَتُسَبِّحُوهُ بُكۡرَةࣰ وَأَصِیلًا ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
so that you[people] may believe in God and His Messenger, support Him, honour Him, and praise Him morning and evening
Sahl al-Tustari

�and that you may honour Him, and revere Him�He said:That is, revere Him with the utmost reverence (taʿẓīm) in your hearts and obey Him with your bodies. This is why reverence (taʿzīr) is so called, because it is the greatest [thing for] disciplining[the self] (taʾdīb). His words:

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

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48:10 ›
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِینَ یُبَایِعُونَكَ إِنَّمَا یُبَایِعُونَ ٱللَّهَ یَدُ ٱللَّهِ فَوۡقَ أَیۡدِیهِمۡۚ فَمَن نَّكَثَ فَإِنَّمَا یَنكُثُ عَلَىٰ نَفۡسِهِۦۖ وَمَنۡ أَوۡفَىٰ بِمَا عَـٰهَدَ عَلَیۡهُ ٱللَّهَ فَسَیُؤۡتِیهِ أَجۡرًا عَظِیمࣰا ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
Those who pledge loyalty to you [Prophet] are actually pledging loyalty to God Himself- God’s hand is placed on theirs––and anyone who breaks his pledge does so to his own detriment: God will give a great reward to the one who fulfils his pledge to Him
Sahl al-Tustari

�the Hand of God is above their hands�He said:That is, the power (ḥawl) of God and His strength (quwwa) is above their strength (quwwa) and their action (ḥaraka). This is in their saying to the Messenger at the time of the pledge (bayʿa), �We have pledged to you that we will not flee, and we will fight for you.� There is another possible meaning of the Hand of God is above their hands, which is, the grace (minna) of God is above them in their being guided to take the pledge, and His reward (thawāb) for them is above their pledge and their obedience for you.His words:

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

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48:11 ›
سَیَقُولُ لَكَ ٱلۡمُخَلَّفُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ شَغَلَتۡنَاۤ أَمۡوَ ٰلُنَا وَأَهۡلُونَا فَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَنَاۚ یَقُولُونَ بِأَلۡسِنَتِهِم مَّا لَیۡسَ فِی قُلُوبِهِمۡۚ قُلۡ فَمَن یَمۡلِكُ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ شَیۡءًا إِنۡ أَرَادَ بِكُمۡ ضَرًّا أَوۡ أَرَادَ بِكُمۡ نَفۡعَۢاۚ بَلۡ كَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِیرَۢا ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
The desert Arabs who stayed behind will say to you, ‘We were busy with our property and our families: ask forgiveness for us,’ but they say with their tongues what is not in their hearts. Say, ‘Whether it is God’s will to do you harm or good, who can intervene for you?’ No! God is fully aware of everything you [people] do
Sahl al-Tustari

��Our possessions and our families kept us occupied�� They tried to excuse themselves with this, and God related it to you so you would know that the way to approach God (iqbāl ʿalā�Llāh) is through leaving behind the world and what it contains, for certainly that is what distracts [you] from God. Take note of how the hypocrites excused themselves by saying: �Our possessions and our families kept us occupied��His words:

48:12 ›
بَلۡ ظَنَنتُمۡ أَن لَّن یَنقَلِبَ ٱلرَّسُولُ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ إِلَىٰۤ أَهۡلِیهِمۡ أَبَدࣰا وَزُیِّنَ ذَ ٰلِكَ فِی قُلُوبِكُمۡ وَظَنَنتُمۡ ظَنَّ ٱلسَّوۡءِ وَكُنتُمۡ قَوۡمَۢا بُورࣰا ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
No! You thought that the Messenger and the believers would never return to their families and this thought warmed your hearts. Your thoughts are evil, for you are corrupt people
48:13 ›
وَمَن لَّمۡ یُؤۡمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ فَإِنَّاۤ أَعۡتَدۡنَا لِلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ سَعِیرࣰا ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
We have prepared a blazing Fire for those who do not believe in God and His Messenger
48:14 ›
وَلِلَّهِ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ یَغۡفِرُ لِمَن یَشَاۤءُ وَیُعَذِّبُ مَن یَشَاۤءُۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورࣰا رَّحِیمࣰا ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
Control of the heavens and earth belongs to God and He forgives whoever He will and punishes whoever He will: God is most forgiving and merciful
48:15 ›
سَیَقُولُ ٱلۡمُخَلَّفُونَ إِذَا ٱنطَلَقۡتُمۡ إِلَىٰ مَغَانِمَ لِتَأۡخُذُوهَا ذَرُونَا نَتَّبِعۡكُمۡۖ یُرِیدُونَ أَن یُبَدِّلُوا۟ كَلَـٰمَ ٱللَّهِۚ قُل لَّن تَتَّبِعُونَا كَذَ ٰلِكُمۡ قَالَ ٱللَّهُ مِن قَبۡلُۖ فَسَیَقُولُونَ بَلۡ تَحۡسُدُونَنَاۚ بَلۡ كَانُوا۟ لَا یَفۡقَهُونَ إِلَّا قَلِیلࣰا ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
When you [believers] set off for somewhere that promises war gains, those who [previously] stayed behind will say, ‘Let us come with you.’ They want to change God’s words, but tell them [Prophet], ‘You may not come with us: God has said this before.’ They will reply, ‘You begrudge us out of jealousy.’ How little they understand
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48:16 ›
قُل لِّلۡمُخَلَّفِینَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ سَتُدۡعَوۡنَ إِلَىٰ قَوۡمٍ أُو۟لِی بَأۡسࣲ شَدِیدࣲ تُقَـٰتِلُونَهُمۡ أَوۡ یُسۡلِمُونَۖ فَإِن تُطِیعُوا۟ یُؤۡتِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ أَجۡرًا حَسَنࣰاۖ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوۡا۟ كَمَا تَوَلَّیۡتُم مِّن قَبۡلُ یُعَذِّبۡكُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِیمࣰا ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
Tell the desert Arabs who stayed behind, ‘You will be called to face a people of great might in war and to fight them, unless they surrender: if you obey, God will reward you well, but if you turn away, as you have done before, He will punish you heavily
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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48:17 ›
لَّیۡسَ عَلَى ٱلۡأَعۡمَىٰ حَرَجࣱ وَلَا عَلَى ٱلۡأَعۡرَجِ حَرَجࣱ وَلَا عَلَى ٱلۡمَرِیضِ حَرَجࣱۗ وَمَن یُطِعِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ یُدۡخِلۡهُ جَنَّـٰتࣲ تَجۡرِی مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَـٰرُۖ وَمَن یَتَوَلَّ یُعَذِّبۡهُ عَذَابًا أَلِیمࣰا ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
the blind, the lame, and the sick will not be blamed.’ God will admit anyone who obeys Him and His Messenger to Gardens graced with flowing streams; He will painfully punish anyone who turns away
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48:18 ›
۞ لَّقَدۡ رَضِیَ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ إِذۡ یُبَایِعُونَكَ تَحۡتَ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِی قُلُوبِهِمۡ فَأَنزَلَ ٱلسَّكِینَةَ عَلَیۡهِمۡ وَأَثَـٰبَهُمۡ فَتۡحࣰا قَرِیبࣰا ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
God was pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance to you [Prophet] under the tree: He knew what was in their hearts and so He sent tranquillity down to them and rewarded them with a speedy triump
48:19 ›
وَمَغَانِمَ كَثِیرَةࣰ یَأۡخُذُونَهَاۗ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِیزًا حَكِیمࣰا ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
and with many future gains. God is mighty and wise
48:20 ›
وَعَدَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ مَغَانِمَ كَثِیرَةࣰ تَأۡخُذُونَهَا فَعَجَّلَ لَكُمۡ هَـٰذِهِۦ وَكَفَّ أَیۡدِیَ ٱلنَّاسِ عَنكُمۡ وَلِتَكُونَ ءَایَةࣰ لِّلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ وَیَهۡدِیَكُمۡ صِرَ ٰطࣰا مُّسۡتَقِیمࣰا ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
He has promised you [people] many future gains: He has hastened this gain for you. He has held back the hands of hostile people from you as a sign for the faithful and He will guide you to a straight path
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48:21 ›
وَأُخۡرَىٰ لَمۡ تَقۡدِرُوا۟ عَلَیۡهَا قَدۡ أَحَاطَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَاۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَیۡءࣲ قَدِیرࣰا ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
There are many other gains [to come], over which you have no power. God has full control over them: God has power over all things
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:22 ›
وَلَوۡ قَـٰتَلَكُمُ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَوَلَّوُا۟ ٱلۡأَدۡبَـٰرَ ثُمَّ لَا یَجِدُونَ وَلِیࣰّا وَلَا نَصِیرࣰا ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
If the disbelievers had fought against you, they would have taken flight and found no one to protect or support them
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:23 ›
سُنَّةَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّتِی قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلُۖ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ ٱللَّهِ تَبۡدِیلࣰا ۝٢٣
Abdel Haleem
such was God’s practice in the past and you will find no change in God’s practices
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:24 ›
وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِی كَفَّ أَیۡدِیَهُمۡ عَنكُمۡ وَأَیۡدِیَكُمۡ عَنۡهُم بِبَطۡنِ مَكَّةَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ أَنۡ أَظۡفَرَكُمۡ عَلَیۡهِمۡۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِیرًا ۝٢٤
Abdel Haleem
In the valley of Mecca it was He who held their hands back from you and your hands back from them after He gave you the advantage over them––God sees all that you do
Connections 2 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:25 ›
هُمُ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَصَدُّوكُمۡ عَنِ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِ وَٱلۡهَدۡیَ مَعۡكُوفًا أَن یَبۡلُغَ مَحِلَّهُۥۚ وَلَوۡلَا رِجَالࣱ مُّؤۡمِنُونَ وَنِسَاۤءࣱ مُّؤۡمِنَـٰتࣱ لَّمۡ تَعۡلَمُوهُمۡ أَن تَطَءُوهُمۡ فَتُصِیبَكُم مِّنۡهُم مَّعَرَّةُۢ بِغَیۡرِ عِلۡمࣲۖ لِّیُدۡخِلَ ٱللَّهُ فِی رَحۡمَتِهِۦ مَن یَشَاۤءُۚ لَوۡ تَزَیَّلُوا۟ لَعَذَّبۡنَا ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِنۡهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِیمًا ۝٢٥
Abdel Haleem
They were the ones who disbelieved, who barred you from the Sacred Mosque, and who prevented the offering from reaching its place of sacrifice. If there had not been among them, unknown to you, believing men and women whom you would have trampled underfoot, inadvertently incurring guilt on their account- God brings whoever He will into His mercy- if the [believers] had been clearly separated, We would have inflicted a painful punishment on the disbelievers
Sahl al-Tustari

�And were it not for [some of] the believing men and believing women whom you did not know � lest you should trample them� He said:The real believer (al-muʾmin ʿalā�l-ḥaqīqa) is the one who is not heedless of his lower self and his heart, but scrutinises his states (aḥwāl), and keeps a close watch over his moments (awqāt). He observes his increase (ziyāda) [in a good state, distinguishing it] from his decline (nuqṣān), and shows gratitude on seeing an increase, but when there is a decline, devotes himself [to remedying it] and makes supplication.It is through these [real believers] that God repels calamity (balāʾ) from the inhabitants of earth. The [true] believer is never lax (mutahāwin) with the slightest shortcoming, for laxity with a little will inevitably lead to [laxity in] a lot.He further said:The servant will not get the taste of faith until he abandons six vices [lit. character traits, khiṣāl]: he should abandon what is forbidden (ḥarām), illegal possessions (suḥut), what is dubious (shubha), ignorance (jahl), intoxicant[s] (muskir) and ostentation (riyāʾ); [on the other hand] he should adhere to [six virtues]: knowledge (ʿilm), putting his actions right (taṣḥīḥ al-ʿamal), integrity of heart (naṣḥ bi�l-qalb), veracity of the tongue (ṣidq bi�l-lisān), correct conduct (ṣalāḥ) in associating with people and sincerity (ikhlāṣ) in the way he deals with his Lord.He also said:The Book of God is founded upon five [virtues]: veracity (ṣidq), seeking the best [through God�s guidance] (istikhāra), consultation (istishāra), patience (ṣabr) and gratitude (shukr).His words:

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:26 ›
إِذۡ جَعَلَ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ فِی قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلۡحَمِیَّةَ حَمِیَّةَ ٱلۡجَـٰهِلِیَّةِ فَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ سَكِینَتَهُۥ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَعَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِینَ وَأَلۡزَمَهُمۡ كَلِمَةَ ٱلتَّقۡوَىٰ وَكَانُوۤا۟ أَحَقَّ بِهَا وَأَهۡلَهَاۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَیۡءٍ عَلِیمࣰا ۝٢٦
Abdel Haleem
While the disbelievers had fury in their hearts- the fury of ignorance- God sent His tranquillity down on to His Messenger and the believers and made binding on them [their] promise to obey God, for that was more appropriate and fitting for them. God has full knowledge of all things
Sahl al-Tustari

�and made binding on them the promise to be mindful [of Him], for they were more worthy and deserving of it� He said:[The promise to be mindful of God (kalimat al-taqwā)] is saying: �There is no god except God (lā ilāha illā�Llāh), for truly it is the summit of mindfulness of God.Then he said:The best among people are the Muslims, the best among Muslims are the believers, the best among believers are the scholars who act upon their knowledge, the best among those who act [upon their knowledge] are the fearful (khāʾifūn), and the best among the fearful are the sincere ones who are fully aware of God (al-mukhliṣūn al-muttaqūn), whose sincerity and awareness of God remains with them up until their death. Indeed, the likeness of these [latter] is that of a passenger on board a ship at sea. He does not know whether he will be saved from [the sea] or drown in it. Those for whom this was true were the Companions of the Messenger of God according to His words: and made binding on them the promise to be mindful of Him.His words:

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:27 ›
لَّقَدۡ صَدَقَ ٱللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ٱلرُّءۡیَا بِٱلۡحَقِّۖ لَتَدۡخُلُنَّ ٱلۡمَسۡجِدَ ٱلۡحَرَامَ إِن شَاۤءَ ٱللَّهُ ءَامِنِینَ مُحَلِّقِینَ رُءُوسَكُمۡ وَمُقَصِّرِینَ لَا تَخَافُونَۖ فَعَلِمَ مَا لَمۡ تَعۡلَمُوا۟ فَجَعَلَ مِن دُونِ ذَ ٰلِكَ فَتۡحࣰا قَرِیبًا ۝٢٧
Abdel Haleem
God has truly fulfilled His Messenger’s vision: ‘God willing, you will most certainly enter the Sacred Mosque in safety, shavenheaded or with cropped hair, without fear!’- God knew what you did not- and He has granted you a speedy triumph
Sahl al-Tustari

�You will assuredly enter the Sacred Mosque in safety, God willing�He was asked, �What is meant by making this exception [saying God willing] (istithnāʾ)?� He said:This is a way of teaching (taʿlīm) and disciplining (taʾdīb) [His] servants, [in order that they should feel] intense neediness (shiddat al-iftiqār) for Him at every moment and in every situation, and by way of emphasis (taʾkīd). If God makes an exception [by saying �God willing�] while having full knowledge [of what is to happen], then it is not for one of his servants, who is deficient in knowledge, to determine upon something without making the exception of �God willing�. His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

48:28 ›
هُوَ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَرۡسَلَ رَسُولَهُۥ بِٱلۡهُدَىٰ وَدِینِ ٱلۡحَقِّ لِیُظۡهِرَهُۥ عَلَى ٱلدِّینِ كُلِّهِۦۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ شَهِیدࣰا ۝٢٨
Abdel Haleem
It was He who sent His Messenger, with guidance and the religion of Truth, for him to show that it is above all [false] religion. God suffices as a witness
48:29 ›
مُّحَمَّدࣱ رَّسُولُ ٱللَّهِۚ وَٱلَّذِینَ مَعَهُۥۤ أَشِدَّاۤءُ عَلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِ رُحَمَاۤءُ بَیۡنَهُمۡۖ تَرَىٰهُمۡ رُكَّعࣰا سُجَّدࣰا یَبۡتَغُونَ فَضۡلࣰا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضۡوَ ٰنࣰاۖ سِیمَاهُمۡ فِی وُجُوهِهِم مِّنۡ أَثَرِ ٱلسُّجُودِۚ ذَ ٰلِكَ مَثَلُهُمۡ فِی ٱلتَّوۡرَىٰةِۚ وَمَثَلُهُمۡ فِی ٱلۡإِنجِیلِ كَزَرۡعٍ أَخۡرَجَ شَطۡءَهُۥ فَءَازَرَهُۥ فَٱسۡتَغۡلَظَ فَٱسۡتَوَىٰ عَلَىٰ سُوقِهِۦ یُعۡجِبُ ٱلزُّرَّاعَ لِیَغِیظَ بِهِمُ ٱلۡكُفَّارَۗ وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ مِنۡهُم مَّغۡفِرَةࣰ وَأَجۡرًا عَظِیمَۢا ۝٢٩
Abdel Haleem
Muhammad is the Messenger of God. Those who follow him are harsh towards the disbelievers and compassionate towards each other. You see them kneeling and prostrating, seeking God’s bounty and His good pleasure: on their faces they bear the marks of their prostrations. This is how they are pictured in the Torah and the Gospel: like a seed that puts forth its shoot, becomes strong, grows thick, and rises on its stem to the delight of its sowers. So God infuriates the disbelievers through them; God promises forgiveness and a great reward to those who believe and do righteous deeds
Sahl al-Tustari

�The mark is on their faces, from the effect of their prostrations�He said:The believer (muʾmin) in God is a face without a reverse side, [since he is] advancing towards Him without ever turning back from Him. This is the mark of the believers. ʿĀmir b. ʿAbd al-Qays said, �It is almost as if the face of a believer is informing [us] of that which is hidden within him, and the same can be said of the face of the disbeliever.� This is what is meant by His words: The mark is on their faces. Ibn Masʿūd said, �The secret of the believer is a mantle over him�. But God, Glorified and Exalted is He, knows best.His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 17 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (17) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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