Tafsir al-Tustari

Sahl al-Tustari — b. 203 AH / 818 CE · d. 283 AH / 896 CE Sunni (Sufi) Early Sufi Master

Tafsir al-Tustari al-Mujadilah المُجَادِلَة (She That Disputeth, The Pleading Woman, She Who Pleaded) 22 verses · Medinan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
58:1 ›
۞ قَدۡ سَمِعَ ٱللَّهُ قَوۡلَ ٱلَّتِی تُجَـٰدِلُكَ فِی زَوۡجِهَا وَتَشۡتَكِیۤ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَٱللَّهُ یَسۡمَعُ تَحَاوُرَكُمَاۤۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَمِیعُۢ بَصِیرٌ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
God has heard the words of the woman who disputed with you [Prophet] about her husband and complained to God: God has heard what you both had to say. He is all hearing, all seeing
58:2 ›
ٱلَّذِینَ یُظَـٰهِرُونَ مِنكُم مِّن نِّسَاۤىِٕهِم مَّا هُنَّ أُمَّهَـٰتِهِمۡۖ إِنۡ أُمَّهَـٰتُهُمۡ إِلَّا ٱلَّـٰۤءِی وَلَدۡنَهُمۡۚ وَإِنَّهُمۡ لَیَقُولُونَ مُنكَرࣰا مِّنَ ٱلۡقَوۡلِ وَزُورࣰاۚ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورࣱ ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
Even if any of you say to their wives, ‘You are to me like my mother’s back,’they are not their mothers; their only mothers are those who gave birth to them. What they say is certainly blameworthy and false, but God is pardoning and forgiving
58:3 ›
وَٱلَّذِینَ یُظَـٰهِرُونَ مِن نِّسَاۤىِٕهِمۡ ثُمَّ یَعُودُونَ لِمَا قَالُوا۟ فَتَحۡرِیرُ رَقَبَةࣲ مِّن قَبۡلِ أَن یَتَمَاۤسَّاۚ ذَ ٰلِكُمۡ تُوعَظُونَ بِهِۦۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِیرࣱ ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
Those of you who say such a thing to their wives, then go back on what they have said, must free a slave before the couple may touch one another again––this is what you are commanded to do, and God is fully aware of what you do––
58:4 ›
فَمَن لَّمۡ یَجِدۡ فَصِیَامُ شَهۡرَیۡنِ مُتَتَابِعَیۡنِ مِن قَبۡلِ أَن یَتَمَاۤسَّاۖ فَمَن لَّمۡ یَسۡتَطِعۡ فَإِطۡعَامُ سِتِّینَ مِسۡكِینࣰاۚ ذَ ٰلِكَ لِتُؤۡمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦۚ وَتِلۡكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِۗ وَلِلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ عَذَابٌ أَلِیمٌ ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
but anyone who does not have the means should fast continuously for two months before they touch each other, and anyone unable to do this should feed sixty needy people. This is so that you may [truly] have faith in God and His Messenger. These are the bounds set by God: grievous torment awaits those who ignore them
58:5 ›
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِینَ یُحَاۤدُّونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ كُبِتُوا۟ كَمَا كُبِتَ ٱلَّذِینَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡۚ وَقَدۡ أَنزَلۡنَاۤ ءَایَـٰتِۭ بَیِّنَـٰتࣲۚ وَلِلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ عَذَابࣱ مُّهِینࣱ ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
Those who oppose God and His Messenger will be brought low, like those before them: We have revealed clear messages, and humiliating torment awaits those who ignore them
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58:6 ›
یَوۡمَ یَبۡعَثُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ جَمِیعࣰا فَیُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوۤا۟ۚ أَحۡصَىٰهُ ٱللَّهُ وَنَسُوهُۚ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَیۡءࣲ شَهِیدٌ ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
on the Day when God will raise everyone and make them aware of what they have done. God has taken account of it all, though they may have forgotten: He witnesses everything
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58:7 ›
أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ یَعۡلَمُ مَا فِی ٱلسَّمَـٰوَ ٰتِ وَمَا فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ مَا یَكُونُ مِن نَّجۡوَىٰ ثَلَـٰثَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ رَابِعُهُمۡ وَلَا خَمۡسَةٍ إِلَّا هُوَ سَادِسُهُمۡ وَلَاۤ أَدۡنَىٰ مِن ذَ ٰلِكَ وَلَاۤ أَكۡثَرَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَعَهُمۡ أَیۡنَ مَا كَانُوا۟ۖ ثُمَّ یُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوا۟ یَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِیَـٰمَةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَیۡءٍ عَلِیمٌ ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
Do you not see [Prophet] that God knows everything in the heavens and earth? There is no secret conversation between three people where He is not the fourth, nor between five where He is not the sixth, nor between less or more than that without Him being with them, wherever they may be. On the Day of Resurrection, He will show them what they have done: God truly has full knowledge of everything
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58:8 ›
أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِینَ نُهُوا۟ عَنِ ٱلنَّجۡوَىٰ ثُمَّ یَعُودُونَ لِمَا نُهُوا۟ عَنۡهُ وَیَتَنَـٰجَوۡنَ بِٱلۡإِثۡمِ وَٱلۡعُدۡوَ ٰنِ وَمَعۡصِیَتِ ٱلرَّسُولِۖ وَإِذَا جَاۤءُوكَ حَیَّوۡكَ بِمَا لَمۡ یُحَیِّكَ بِهِ ٱللَّهُ وَیَقُولُونَ فِیۤ أَنفُسِهِمۡ لَوۡلَا یُعَذِّبُنَا ٱللَّهُ بِمَا نَقُولُۚ حَسۡبُهُمۡ جَهَنَّمُ یَصۡلَوۡنَهَاۖ فَبِئۡسَ ٱلۡمَصِیرُ ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
Have you not seen how those who have been forbidden to hold secret conversations go back afterwards and hold them, and conspire with one another in what is sinful, hostile, and disobedient to the Messenger? When they come to you they greet you with words God has never used to greet you, and say inwardly, ‘Why does God not punish us for what we say?’ Hell will be punishment enough for them: they will burn there- an evil destination
58:9 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوۤا۟ إِذَا تَنَـٰجَیۡتُمۡ فَلَا تَتَنَـٰجَوۡا۟ بِٱلۡإِثۡمِ وَٱلۡعُدۡوَ ٰنِ وَمَعۡصِیَتِ ٱلرَّسُولِ وَتَنَـٰجَوۡا۟ بِٱلۡبِرِّ وَٱلتَّقۡوَىٰۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِیۤ إِلَیۡهِ تُحۡشَرُونَ ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
You who believe, when you converse in secret, do not do so in a way that is sinful, hostile, and disobedient to the Messenger, but in a way that is good and mindful [of God]. Be mindful of God, to whom you will all be gathered
Sahl al-Tustari

�but talk secretly in righteousness and mindfulness of God... He said:[Talk secretly] in remembering God, reciting the Qurʾān, and commanding what is right and forbidding what is wrong.His words, Exalted is He:

58:10 ›
إِنَّمَا ٱلنَّجۡوَىٰ مِنَ ٱلشَّیۡطَـٰنِ لِیَحۡزُنَ ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَلَیۡسَ بِضَاۤرِّهِمۡ شَیۡءًا إِلَّا بِإِذۡنِ ٱللَّهِۚ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلۡیَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنُونَ ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
[Any other kind of] secret conversation is the work of Satan, designed to cause trouble to the believers, though it cannot harm them in the least unless God permits it. Let the believers put their trust in God
Sahl al-Tustari

Secret conversations are [the work of] Satan�He said:A secret conversation (najwā) is what the Enemy casts into the natural self (nafs al-ṭabʿ), just as the Prophet said, �There is a touch [of madness] (lamma) that comes from the angels and a touch [of madness] that comes from Satan.�His words, Mighty and Majestic is He:

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58:11 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوۤا۟ إِذَا قِیلَ لَكُمۡ تَفَسَّحُوا۟ فِی ٱلۡمَجَـٰلِسِ فَٱفۡسَحُوا۟ یَفۡسَحِ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمۡۖ وَإِذَا قِیلَ ٱنشُزُوا۟ فَٱنشُزُوا۟ یَرۡفَعِ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مِنكُمۡ وَٱلَّذِینَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلۡعِلۡمَ دَرَجَـٰتࣲۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِیرࣱ ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
You who believe, if you are told to make room for one another in your assemblies, then do so, and God will make room for you, and if you are told to rise up, do so: God will raise up, by many degrees, those of you who believe and those who have been given knowledge: He is fully aware of what you do
58:12 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوۤا۟ إِذَا نَـٰجَیۡتُمُ ٱلرَّسُولَ فَقَدِّمُوا۟ بَیۡنَ یَدَیۡ نَجۡوَىٰكُمۡ صَدَقَةࣰۚ ذَ ٰلِكَ خَیۡرࣱ لَّكُمۡ وَأَطۡهَرُۚ فَإِن لَّمۡ تَجِدُوا۟ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِیمٌ ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
You who believe, when you come to speak privately with the Messenger, offer something in charity before your conversation: that is better for you and purer. If you do not have the means, God is most forgiving and merciful
58:13 ›
ءَأَشۡفَقۡتُمۡ أَن تُقَدِّمُوا۟ بَیۡنَ یَدَیۡ نَجۡوَىٰكُمۡ صَدَقَـٰتࣲۚ فَإِذۡ لَمۡ تَفۡعَلُوا۟ وَتَابَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَیۡكُمۡ فَأَقِیمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَأَطِیعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥۚ وَٱللَّهُ خَبِیرُۢ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
Were you afraid to give charity before consulting the Prophet? Since you did not give charity, and God has relented towards you, you should [at least] observe your prayers, pay the prescribed alms, and obey God and His Messenger: God is well aware of your actions
58:14 ›
۞ أَلَمۡ تَرَ إِلَى ٱلَّذِینَ تَوَلَّوۡا۟ قَوۡمًا غَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَیۡهِم مَّا هُم مِّنكُمۡ وَلَا مِنۡهُمۡ وَیَحۡلِفُونَ عَلَى ٱلۡكَذِبِ وَهُمۡ یَعۡلَمُونَ ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
Have you not seen [Prophet] those who give their loyalty to people with whom God is angry? They are neither with you nor with them, and knowingly swear to lies
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

58:15 ›
أَعَدَّ ٱللَّهُ لَهُمۡ عَذَابࣰا شَدِیدًاۖ إِنَّهُمۡ سَاۤءَ مَا كَانُوا۟ یَعۡمَلُونَ ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
God has prepared a severe torment for them: what they do is truly evil
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

58:16 ›
ٱتَّخَذُوۤا۟ أَیۡمَـٰنَهُمۡ جُنَّةࣰ فَصَدُّوا۟ عَن سَبِیلِ ٱللَّهِ فَلَهُمۡ عَذَابࣱ مُّهِینࣱ ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
They have used their oaths to cover up [their false deeds], and barred others from the path of God. A humiliating torment awaits them
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58:17 ›
لَّن تُغۡنِیَ عَنۡهُمۡ أَمۡوَ ٰلُهُمۡ وَلَاۤ أَوۡلَـٰدُهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ شَیۡءًاۚ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ أَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلنَّارِۖ هُمۡ فِیهَا خَـٰلِدُونَ ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
neither their wealth nor their children will be of any use to them against God- they will be the inhabitants of Hell, where they will remain
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58:18 ›
یَوۡمَ یَبۡعَثُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ جَمِیعࣰا فَیَحۡلِفُونَ لَهُۥ كَمَا یَحۡلِفُونَ لَكُمۡ وَیَحۡسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمۡ عَلَىٰ شَیۡءٍۚ أَلَاۤ إِنَّهُمۡ هُمُ ٱلۡكَـٰذِبُونَ ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
On the Day God raises them all from the dead, they will swear before Him as they swear before you now, thinking that it will help them. What liars they are
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58:19 ›
ٱسۡتَحۡوَذَ عَلَیۡهِمُ ٱلشَّیۡطَـٰنُ فَأَنسَىٰهُمۡ ذِكۡرَ ٱللَّهِۚ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ حِزۡبُ ٱلشَّیۡطَـٰنِۚ أَلَاۤ إِنَّ حِزۡبَ ٱلشَّیۡطَـٰنِ هُمُ ٱلۡخَـٰسِرُونَ ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
Satan has gained control over them and made them forget God. They are on Satan’s side, and Satan’s side will be the losers
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

58:20 ›
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِینَ یُحَاۤدُّونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥۤ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ فِی ٱلۡأَذَلِّینَ ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
those who oppose God and His Messenger will be among the most humiliated
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58:21 ›
كَتَبَ ٱللَّهُ لَأَغۡلِبَنَّ أَنَا۠ وَرُسُلِیۤۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَوِیٌّ عَزِیزࣱ ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
God has written, ‘I shall most certainly win, I and My messengers.’ God is powerful and almighty
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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

58:22 ›
لَّا تَجِدُ قَوۡمࣰا یُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡیَوۡمِ ٱلۡءَاخِرِ یُوَاۤدُّونَ مَنۡ حَاۤدَّ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ وَلَوۡ كَانُوۤا۟ ءَابَاۤءَهُمۡ أَوۡ أَبۡنَاۤءَهُمۡ أَوۡ إِخۡوَ ٰنَهُمۡ أَوۡ عَشِیرَتَهُمۡۚ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ كَتَبَ فِی قُلُوبِهِمُ ٱلۡإِیمَـٰنَ وَأَیَّدَهُم بِرُوحࣲ مِّنۡهُۖ وَیُدۡخِلُهُمۡ جَنَّـٰتࣲ تَجۡرِی مِن تَحۡتِهَا ٱلۡأَنۡهَـٰرُ خَـٰلِدِینَ فِیهَاۚ رَضِیَ ٱللَّهُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَرَضُوا۟ عَنۡهُۚ أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ حِزۡبُ ٱللَّهِۚ أَلَاۤ إِنَّ حِزۡبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلۡمُفۡلِحُونَ ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
[Prophet], you will not find people who truly believe in God and the Last Day giving their loyalty to those who oppose God and His Messenger, even though they may be their fathers, sons, brothers, or other relations: these are the people in whose hearts God has inscribed faith, and whom He has strengthened with His spirit. He will let them enter Gardens graced with flowing streams, where they will stay: God is well pleased with them, and they with Him. They are on God’s side, and God’s side will be the one to prosper
Sahl al-Tustari

You will not find a people who believe in God and the Last Day loving those who oppose God and His Messenger, even were they to be their fathers�He [Sahl] said:No person whose faith is sound enjoys the company of the innovator (mubtadiʿ), nor does he comply with him, eat with him, drink with him or keep his company. Rather, he shows him hostility and loathing from himself. On the other hand, whoever fawns over an innovator will have the sweetness of [following] the Prophet�s ways (sunan) removed from him by God, and whoever shows love for an innovator, seeking honour in this world and some ⸢worldy⸣ gain (ʿaraḍan ⸢minhā⸣), will find that God humiliates him with that honour and impoverishes him through that wealth. Moreover, whoever jokes with an innovator will find that God removes the light of faith from his heart. As for the one who doubts this, let him try it for himself.His words, Exalted is He:�[For] those, He has inscribed faith upon their hearts and reinforced them with a spirit from Him�He said:God has inscribed faith upon the hearts of His friends in lines (suṭūran). The first line is the profession of God�s oneness (tawḥīd), the second, gnosis (maʿrifa), the third, veracity (ṣidq), the fourth, rectitude (istiqāma), the fifth, confidence (thiqa), the sixth, reliance (iʿtimād) and the seventh, trust (tawakkul). Furthermore, this writing is the work of God (fiʿl Allāh), not the work of the servant (fiʿl al-ʿabd). The work of the servant with regard to faith is in the outward aspect of Islam, and what outwardly appears from him, whereas its inner [reality] is the work of God, Exalted is He.He also said:The inscription on the heart is the gift of faith (mawhibat al-īmān) which God bestows upon them before creating them in loins and wombs. Then He reveals a glimpse of the light in the heart, and then He lifts the veil from it, so that through the blessing of that writing (barakat al-kitāba) and the light of faith (nūr al-īmān) they can behold things of the unseen (mughayyabāt). And he said:The life of the spirit (ḥayāt al-rūḥ) is in the remembrance [of God] (dhikr), the life of remembranceis in the one who remembers (dhākir), and the life of the one who remembers is in the One who is remembered (madhkūr).

Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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