Tafsir al-Tustari

Sahl al-Tustari — b. 203 AH / 818 CE · d. 283 AH / 896 CE Sunni (Sufi) Early Sufi Master

Tafsir al-Tustari al-Qalam القَلَم (The Pen) 52 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
68:1 ›
۞ نۤۚ وَٱلۡقَلَمِ وَمَا یَسۡطُرُونَ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
Nun By the pen! By all they write
Sahl al-Tustari

Nūn. By the Pen, and by what they inscribe!He said:�Al-Nūn� is one of the names of God, Exalted is He, for if the opening letters of the sūras, Alif Lām Rā, Ḥā Mīm and Nūn, are joined together they make up the name al-Raḥmān. Ibn ʿAbbās y said: �Al-Nūn is the ink-well (dawāt) from which the Reminder (dhikr) [the Qurʾān] was written, and the Pen is that with which the Wise Reminder was written.�By what they inscribe � ⸢the Reminder which is written on the Preserved Tablet concerning the [divinely decreed] wretchedness (shaqāwa) or felicity (saʿāda) [of human beings].Ibn ʿAbbās has said in another report, �Nūn is the fish upon which rest the worlds (arḍūn),⸣ what they inscribe is the deeds of the children of Adam which the recording angels have written down.� ʿUmar b. Wāṣil said:By what they inscribe means: By the writing (kitāba) [i.e. the scripture] which God has undertaken[to provide] for His servants, which contains benefits (manāfiʿ) for people, and things that are in the best interests (maṣāliḥ) of His servants and their lands.His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 2 multi-source 6 single-source 5 commentators

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68:2 ›
مَاۤ أَنتَ بِنِعۡمَةِ رَبِّكَ بِمَجۡنُونࣲ ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
Your Lord’s grace does not make you [Prophet] a madman
Connections 1 multi-source 6 single-source 2 commentators

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68:3 ›
وَإِنَّ لَكَ لَأَجۡرًا غَیۡرَ مَمۡنُونࣲ ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
you will have a never-ending reward––
Sahl al-Tustari

and assuredly you will have an unfailing reward,He said:That is, defined, apportioned (maḥdūd maqṭūʿ) and calculated (maḥsūb) for you.His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

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68:4 ›
وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِیمࣲ ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
truly you have a strong character––
Sahl al-Tustari

and assuredly you possess a magnificent character. He said:You have taken on the propriety taught by the Qurʾān (taʾaddabta bi-adab al-Qurʾān), and have not exceeded its bounds, which are in His words, Exalted is He: Indeed God enjoins justice and virtue� to the end of the verse [16:90], and also in His words, It was by the mercy of God that you were lenient with them [3:159].Then he said:Truly anger (ghaḍab) and harshness (ḥidda) come from the servant�s dependence on his own strength (quwwa). However, when he gives up relying on his own strength, weakness will take68 Al-Qalam (or Nūn)243up residence in his soul, and this will generate mercy (raḥma) and benevolence (luṭf) from him, which is to take on the characteristics of the Lord, may His majesty be magnified.God, Exalted is He, addressed David through inspiration, saying, �Take on My characteristics,for verily I am the Forbearing (al-Ṣabūr).� Whoever is given good character (khulq ḥasan) has been given the greatest station (aʿẓam al-maqāmāt), for all other stations are connected to the common folk (ʿāmma), whereas good character is connected with the [divine] attributes (ṣifāt) and qualities (nuʿūt). Sahl was asked one day about charismatic gifts (karāmāt) and he said:What are charismatic gifts (karāmāt)? Truly charismatic gifts are phenomena which will not last beyond their designated time. The greatest charismatic gift, however, is to change a blameworthytrait within your character to a praiseworthy one.His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 9 single-source 2 commentators

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68:5 ›
فَسَتُبۡصِرُ وَیُبۡصِرُونَ ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
and soon you will see, as will they
Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

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68:6 ›
بِأَییِّكُمُ ٱلۡمَفۡتُونُ ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
which of you is afflicted with madness
Connections 8 single-source 2 commentators

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68:7 ›
إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَن ضَلَّ عَن سَبِیلِهِۦ وَهُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِٱلۡمُهۡتَدِینَ ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
Your Lord knows best who strays from His path and who is rightly guided
Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

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68:8 ›
فَلَا تُطِعِ ٱلۡمُكَذِّبِینَ ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
So do not yield to those who deny the truth––
Connections 20 single-source 1 commentator

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68:9 ›
وَدُّوا۟ لَوۡ تُدۡهِنُ فَیُدۡهِنُونَ ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
they want you to compromise with them and then they will compromise with you––
Connections 20 single-source 1 commentator

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68:10 ›
وَلَا تُطِعۡ كُلَّ حَلَّافࣲ مَّهِینٍ ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
do not yield to any contemptible swearer
Connections 20 single-source 1 commentator

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68:11 ›
هَمَّازࣲ مَّشَّاۤءِۭ بِنَمِیمࣲ ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
to any backbiter, slander-monger
Connections 20 single-source 1 commentator

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68:12 ›
مَّنَّاعࣲ لِّلۡخَیۡرِ مُعۡتَدٍ أَثِیمٍ ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
or hinderer of good, to anyone who is sinful, aggressive
Connections 20 single-source 1 commentator

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68:13 ›
عُتُلِّۭ بَعۡدَ ذَ ٰلِكَ زَنِیمٍ ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
coarse, and on top of all that, an imposter
Connections 20 single-source 1 commentator

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68:14 ›
أَن كَانَ ذَا مَالࣲ وَبَنِینَ ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
Just because he has wealth and sons
Connections 20 single-source 1 commentator

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68:15 ›
إِذَا تُتۡلَىٰ عَلَیۡهِ ءَایَـٰتُنَا قَالَ أَسَـٰطِیرُ ٱلۡأَوَّلِینَ ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
when our revelations are recited to him, he says, ‘These are just ancient fables.’
Connections 20 single-source 1 commentator

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68:16 ›
سَنَسِمُهُۥ عَلَى ٱلۡخُرۡطُومِ ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
We shall brand him on the snout
Connections 20 single-source 1 commentator

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68:17 ›
إِنَّا بَلَوۡنَـٰهُمۡ كَمَا بَلَوۡنَاۤ أَصۡحَـٰبَ ٱلۡجَنَّةِ إِذۡ أَقۡسَمُوا۟ لَیَصۡرِمُنَّهَا مُصۡبِحِینَ ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
We have tried them as We tried the owners of a certain garden, who swore that they would harvest its fruits in the mornin
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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68:18 ›
وَلَا یَسۡتَثۡنُونَ ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
and made no allowance [for the Will of God]
68:19 ›
فَطَافَ عَلَیۡهَا طَاۤىِٕفࣱ مِّن رَّبِّكَ وَهُمۡ نَاۤىِٕمُونَ ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
a disaster from your Lord struck the garden as they slep
68:20 ›
فَأَصۡبَحَتۡ كَٱلصَّرِیمِ ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
and by morning it was stripped bare, a desolate land
68:21 ›
فَتَنَادَوۡا۟ مُصۡبِحِینَ ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
Still they called each other at daybreak
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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68:22 ›
أَنِ ٱغۡدُوا۟ عَلَىٰ حَرۡثِكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ صَـٰرِمِینَ ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
‘Go early to your field if you wish to gather all its fruits,’
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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68:23 ›
فَٱنطَلَقُوا۟ وَهُمۡ یَتَخَـٰفَتُونَ ۝٢٣
Abdel Haleem
and went off, whispering
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

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68:24 ›
أَن لَّا یَدۡخُلَنَّهَا ٱلۡیَوۡمَ عَلَیۡكُم مِّسۡكِینࣱ ۝٢٤
Abdel Haleem
‘Make sure no poor person enters the garden today!’––
Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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68:25 ›
وَغَدَوۡا۟ عَلَىٰ حَرۡدࣲ قَـٰدِرِینَ ۝٢٥
Abdel Haleem
they left early, bent on their purpose
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68:26 ›
فَلَمَّا رَأَوۡهَا قَالُوۤا۟ إِنَّا لَضَاۤلُّونَ ۝٢٦
Abdel Haleem
but when they saw the garden, they said, ‘We must have lost our way
68:27 ›
بَلۡ نَحۡنُ مَحۡرُومُونَ ۝٢٧
Abdel Haleem
No- we are ruined!’
68:28 ›
قَالَ أَوۡسَطُهُمۡ أَلَمۡ أَقُل لَّكُمۡ لَوۡلَا تُسَبِّحُونَ ۝٢٨
Abdel Haleem
The wisest of them said, ‘Did I not say to you, “Will you not glorify God?”’
68:29 ›
قَالُوا۟ سُبۡحَـٰنَ رَبِّنَاۤ إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَـٰلِمِینَ ۝٢٩
Abdel Haleem
they said, ‘Glory be to God, Our Lord! Truly, we were doing wrong!’
68:30 ›
فَأَقۡبَلَ بَعۡضُهُمۡ عَلَىٰ بَعۡضࣲ یَتَلَـٰوَمُونَ ۝٣٠
Abdel Haleem
and then they turned to each other in mutual reproach
68:31 ›
قَالُوا۟ یَـٰوَیۡلَنَاۤ إِنَّا كُنَّا طَـٰغِینَ ۝٣١
Abdel Haleem
They said, ‘Alas for us! We have done terrible wrong
68:32 ›
عَسَىٰ رَبُّنَاۤ أَن یُبۡدِلَنَا خَیۡرࣰا مِّنۡهَاۤ إِنَّاۤ إِلَىٰ رَبِّنَا رَ ٰغِبُونَ ۝٣٢
Abdel Haleem
but maybe our Lord will give us something better in its place: we truly turn to Him in hope.’
68:33 ›
كَذَ ٰلِكَ ٱلۡعَذَابُۖ وَلَعَذَابُ ٱلۡءَاخِرَةِ أَكۡبَرُۚ لَوۡ كَانُوا۟ یَعۡلَمُونَ ۝٣٣
Abdel Haleem
Such is the punishment [in this life], but greater still is the punishment in the Hereafter, if only they knew
68:34 ›
إِنَّ لِلۡمُتَّقِینَ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ جَنَّـٰتِ ٱلنَّعِیمِ ۝٣٤
Abdel Haleem
There will be Gardens of bliss for those who are mindful of God
68:35 ›
أَفَنَجۡعَلُ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِینَ كَٱلۡمُجۡرِمِینَ ۝٣٥
Abdel Haleem
Should We treat those who submit to Us as We treat those who do evil
68:36 ›
مَا لَكُمۡ كَیۡفَ تَحۡكُمُونَ ۝٣٦
Abdel Haleem
What is the matter with you? On what basis do you judge
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68:37 ›
أَمۡ لَكُمۡ كِتَـٰبࣱ فِیهِ تَدۡرُسُونَ ۝٣٧
Abdel Haleem
Do you have a Scripture that tells yo
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68:38 ›
إِنَّ لَكُمۡ فِیهِ لَمَا تَخَیَّرُونَ ۝٣٨
Abdel Haleem
that you will be granted whatever you choose
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68:39 ›
أَمۡ لَكُمۡ أَیۡمَـٰنٌ عَلَیۡنَا بَـٰلِغَةٌ إِلَىٰ یَوۡمِ ٱلۡقِیَـٰمَةِ إِنَّ لَكُمۡ لَمَا تَحۡكُمُونَ ۝٣٩
Abdel Haleem
Have you received from Us solemn oaths, binding to the Day of Resurrection, that you will get whatever you yourselves decide
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:40 ›
سَلۡهُمۡ أَیُّهُم بِذَ ٰلِكَ زَعِیمٌ ۝٤٠
Abdel Haleem
Ask them [Prophet] which of them will guarantee this
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:41 ›
أَمۡ لَهُمۡ شُرَكَاۤءُ فَلۡیَأۡتُوا۟ بِشُرَكَاۤىِٕهِمۡ إِن كَانُوا۟ صَـٰدِقِینَ ۝٤١
Abdel Haleem
Do they have ‘partners’ [besides God]? Let them produce their ‘partners’, if what they say is true
Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:42 ›
یَوۡمَ یُكۡشَفُ عَن سَاقࣲ وَیُدۡعَوۡنَ إِلَى ٱلسُّجُودِ فَلَا یَسۡتَطِیعُونَ ۝٤٢
Abdel Haleem
On the Day when matters become dire, they will be invited to prostrate themselves but will be prevented from doing so
Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:43 ›
خَـٰشِعَةً أَبۡصَـٰرُهُمۡ تَرۡهَقُهُمۡ ذِلَّةࣱۖ وَقَدۡ كَانُوا۟ یُدۡعَوۡنَ إِلَى ٱلسُّجُودِ وَهُمۡ سَـٰلِمُونَ ۝٤٣
Abdel Haleem
and their eyes will be downcast and they will be overwhelmed with shame: they were invited to prostrate themselves when they were safe [but refused]
Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:44 ›
فَذَرۡنِی وَمَن یُكَذِّبُ بِهَـٰذَا ٱلۡحَدِیثِۖ سَنَسۡتَدۡرِجُهُم مِّنۡ حَیۡثُ لَا یَعۡلَمُونَ ۝٤٤
Abdel Haleem
So [Prophet] leave those who reject this revelation to Me: We shall lead them on, step by step, in ways beyond their knowledge
Sahl al-Tustari

So leave Me [to deal with] whoever denies this discourse�He said:That is, leave him in My charge, for I will suffice you regarding his affair, so do not let your heart become preoccupied with him.His words, Exalted is He:�We shall draw them on by degrees whence they do not know.He said:We shall leave them with their heads bowed over, diverted in their preoccupation with it [the world] from the duties that they should perform for Us, such that they forget to show gratitude towards Us, so We shall seize them whence they do not know. His words, Mighty and Majestic is He:

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:45 ›
وَأُمۡلِی لَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ كَیۡدِی مَتِینٌ ۝٤٥
Abdel Haleem
I will allow them more time, for My plan is powerful
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:46 ›
أَمۡ تَسۡءَلُهُمۡ أَجۡرࣰا فَهُم مِّن مَّغۡرَمࣲ مُّثۡقَلُونَ ۝٤٦
Abdel Haleem
Do you demand some reward from them that would burden them with debt
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:47 ›
أَمۡ عِندَهُمُ ٱلۡغَیۡبُ فَهُمۡ یَكۡتُبُونَ ۝٤٧
Abdel Haleem
Do they have knowledge of the unseen that enables them to write it down
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:48 ›
فَٱصۡبِرۡ لِحُكۡمِ رَبِّكَ وَلَا تَكُن كَصَاحِبِ ٱلۡحُوتِ إِذۡ نَادَىٰ وَهُوَ مَكۡظُومࣱ ۝٤٨
Abdel Haleem
Wait patiently [Prophet] for your Lord’s judgement: do not be like the man in the whale who called out in distress
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:49 ›
لَّوۡلَاۤ أَن تَدَ ٰرَكَهُۥ نِعۡمَةࣱ مِّن رَّبِّهِۦ لَنُبِذَ بِٱلۡعَرَاۤءِ وَهُوَ مَذۡمُومࣱ ۝٤٩
Abdel Haleem
if his Lord’s grace had not reached him, he would have been left, abandoned and blameworthy, on the barren shore
Sahl al-Tustari

Had it not been for a grace from his Lord that reached him� He said:That is, if God had not kept for him his previous good deeds, which were a result of His pre-eternal election, and saved him, and had not the ⸢grace from his Lord (niʿma min rabbihi)⸣ reached him, �he would surely have been cast out onto a barren [shore], while he was blameworthy.The barren shore (ʿarāʾ) is the plain [lit. earth, ʿarḍ] of the Resurrection, for nothing is cultivated or grown there. He had committed no other sin save that of busying his heart with planning (tadbīr) that which was not for him to plan, just as Adam had done [before him]. His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:50 ›
فَٱجۡتَبَـٰهُ رَبُّهُۥ فَجَعَلَهُۥ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِینَ ۝٥٠
Abdel Haleem
but his Lord chose him and made him one of the Righteous
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:51 ›
وَإِن یَكَادُ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَیُزۡلِقُونَكَ بِأَبۡصَـٰرِهِمۡ لَمَّا سَمِعُوا۟ ٱلذِّكۡرَ وَیَقُولُونَ إِنَّهُۥ لَمَجۡنُونࣱ ۝٥١
Abdel Haleem
The disbelievers almost strike you down with their looks when they hear the Quran. They say, ‘He must be mad!’
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

68:52 ›
وَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكۡرࣱ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِینَ ۝٥٢
Abdel Haleem
but truly it is nothing other than a Reminder for all peoples
Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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