Tafsir al-Tustari

Sahl al-Tustari — b. 203 AH / 818 CE · d. 283 AH / 896 CE Sunni (Sufi) Early Sufi Master

Tafsir al-Tustari al-Buruj البُرُوج (The Mansions of the Stars, The Constellations) 22 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
85:1 ›
وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْبُرُوجِ
Abdel Haleem
By the sky with its towering constellations
Connections 11 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (11) cited by only one commentator
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:2 ›
وَالْيَوْمِ الْمَوْعُودِ
Abdel Haleem
by the promised Day
Connections 8 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (8) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:3 ›
وَشَاهِدٍ وَمَشْهُودٍ
Abdel Haleem
by the Witness and that which is witnessed
Sahl al-Tustari

and [by] the witness and the witnessed,He said:It has been said that the witness (shāhid) is the angel, just as He has also said, [and every soul will be accompanied by] a driver and a witness [50:21]. That which is borne witness to (mashhūd) is the Day of Resurrection, ⸢for that is a day that is [indeed] witnessed (wa dhālika yawmun mashhūdun).⸣ Ibn ʿAbbās y said, �The witness is Muḥammad , and that which is witnessed is the Qurʾān.� It has also been said that that which is witnessed is mankind. Sahl said:The witness is the spiritual self (nafs al-rūḥ) and that which is witnessed is the natural self (nafs al-tabʿ), for the natural self, along with the understanding of the intellect (fahm al-ʿaql) and the discernment of the heart (fiṭnat al-qalb), will each have their witness, while God is the ever-present Witness (al-Shahīd) over everything.His words, Mighty and Majestic is He:

Connections 9 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (9) cited by only one commentator
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:4 ›
قُتِلَ أَصْحَابُ الْأُخْدُودِ
Abdel Haleem
damned were the makers of the trench
Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (7) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:5 ›
النَّارِ ذَاتِ الْوَقُودِ
Abdel Haleem
the makers of the fuel-stoked fire
Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (7) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:6 ›
إِذْ هُمْ عَلَيْهَا قُعُودٌ
Abdel Haleem
They sat dow
Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (7) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:7 ›
وَهُمْ عَلَىٰ مَا يَفْعَلُونَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ شُهُودٌ
Abdel Haleem
to watch what they were doing to the believers
Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (7) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:8 ›
وَمَا نَقَمُوا مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا أَن يُؤْمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ
Abdel Haleem
Their only grievance against them was their faith in God, the Mighty, the Praiseworthy
Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (7) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:9 ›
الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ
Abdel Haleem
to whom all control over the heavens and earth belongs: God is witness over all things
Connections 7 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (7) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:10 ›
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ
Abdel Haleem
For those who persecute believing men and women, and do not repent afterwards, there will be the torment of Hell and burning
Connections 8 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (8) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:11 ›
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ
Abdel Haleem
But for those who believe and do good deeds there will be Gardens graced with flowing streams: that is the great triumph
85:12 ›
إِنَّ بَطْشَ رَبِّكَ لَشَدِيدٌ
Abdel Haleem
[Prophet], your Lord’s punishment is truly stern––
85:13 ›
إِنَّهُ هُوَ يُبْدِئُ وَيُعِيدُ
Abdel Haleem
it is He who brings people to life, and will restore them to life again––
85:14 ›
وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ
Abdel Haleem
and He is the Most Forgiving, the Most Loving
Sahl al-Tustari

And He is the Most Forgiving, the Most Loving,He said:This means that He is the Most Forgiving (al-Ghafūr) towards sinners, and the Most Loving (al-Wadūd) in [His] forgiveness (maghfira). He makes Himself beloved and endearing to His servants through the abundance of blessings that He has granted them, [along with] His beautifulbounties (jamīl ālāʾihi) and beneficence (iḥsān).His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 11 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (11) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

85:15 ›
ذُو الْعَرْشِ الْمَجِيدُ
Abdel Haleem
The Glorious Lord of the Throne
85:16 ›
فَعَّالٌ لِّمَا يُرِيدُ
Abdel Haleem
He does whatever He will
85:17 ›
هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْجُنُودِ
Abdel Haleem
Have you [not] heard the stories of the force
85:18 ›
فِرْعَوْنَ وَثَمُودَ
Abdel Haleem
of Pharaoh and Thamud
85:19 ›
بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي تَكْذِيبٍ
Abdel Haleem
Yet still the disbelievers persist in denial
85:20 ›
وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَائِهِم مُّحِيطٌ
Abdel Haleem
God surrounds them all
85:21 ›
بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَّجِيدٌ
Abdel Haleem
This is truly a glorious Qura
85:22 ›
فِي لَوْحٍ مَّحْفُوظٍ
Abdel Haleem
[written] on a preserved Tablet
Sahl al-Tustari

in a Preserved Tablet. He said:That which is preserved (maḥfūẓ) is the breast (ṣadr) of the believer. It [the Qurʾān] is protected from being reached by anyone who is not of its people (ahlihi), for the people of the Qurʾān are the people of God and His elite. But God knows best.His words, Exalted is He:

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