Tafsir al-Tustari

Sahl al-Tustari — b. 203 AH / 818 CE · d. 283 AH / 896 CE Sunni (Sufi) Early Sufi Master

Tafsir al-Tustari al-Mumtahinah المُمْتَحَنَة (She That is to be Examined, Examining her, She Who is Tested) 13 verses · Medinan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
60:1 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَتَّخِذُوا۟ عَدُوِّی وَعَدُوَّكُمۡ أَوۡلِیَاۤءَ تُلۡقُونَ إِلَیۡهِم بِٱلۡمَوَدَّةِ وَقَدۡ كَفَرُوا۟ بِمَا جَاۤءَكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ یُخۡرِجُونَ ٱلرَّسُولَ وَإِیَّاكُمۡ أَن تُؤۡمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ رَبِّكُمۡ إِن كُنتُمۡ خَرَجۡتُمۡ جِهَـٰدࣰا فِی سَبِیلِی وَٱبۡتِغَاۤءَ مَرۡضَاتِیۚ تُسِرُّونَ إِلَیۡهِم بِٱلۡمَوَدَّةِ وَأَنَا۠ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَاۤ أَخۡفَیۡتُمۡ وَمَاۤ أَعۡلَنتُمۡۚ وَمَن یَفۡعَلۡهُ مِنكُمۡ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ سَوَاۤءَ ٱلسَّبِیلِ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
You who believe, do not take My enemies and yours as your allies, showing them friendship when they have rejected the truth you have received, and have driven you and the Messenger out simply because you believe in God, your Lord––not if you truly emigrated in order to strive for My cause and seek My good pleasure. You secretly show them friendship––I know all you conceal and all you reveal–– but any of you who do this are straying from the right path
Sahl al-Tustari

O you who believe, do not take My enemy and your enemy as friends�He said:God, Exalted is He, has warned the believers not to take as friends other than those whom God and His Messenger have befriended. Indeed, God, Exalted is He, is not [even] pleased ⸢when one who is His friend⸣ depends upon [another who is] His friend, so how will it be when he depends on [one who is] His enemy? Furthermore, a person who engages his heart in that which does not concern him relating to his Hereafter gains an enemy, so how will it be concerning some other [affair that does not concern him]?And a person who covets (ṭamaʿa) the Hereafter along with a desire for something lawful (ḥalāl) of this world is deluded (makhdūʿ), so how will it be for someone who desires something unlawful (ḥarām)?Anyone�s act that is not done in opposition (mukhālafa), or with endurance (mukābada), or out of preferring others over oneself (īthār), will be an act of ostentation (riyāʾ).He was asked the meaning of this. He replied:Opposition is the abandonment of what is forbidden, and for sure, abandoning a particle of what God has forbidden is more meritorious than worshipping God, Exalted is He, for your whole life. To show endurance is to fulfil God�s commandments, while to prefer others over oneself is to prefer God above all that is other than Him.Furthermore, through opposition they were dispossessed of their selves, but through endurancethey were dispossessed of their desires, so that their passions (shahawāt) were expressed through acts of obedience (ṭāʿāt); and by giving preference to others over themselves (īthār), they attained His love and good pleasure.His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:2 ›
إِن یَثۡقَفُوكُمۡ یَكُونُوا۟ لَكُمۡ أَعۡدَاۤءࣰ وَیَبۡسُطُوۤا۟ إِلَیۡكُمۡ أَیۡدِیَهُمۡ وَأَلۡسِنَتَهُم بِٱلسُّوۤءِ وَوَدُّوا۟ لَوۡ تَكۡفُرُونَ ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
If they gain the upper hand over you, they will revert to being your enemies and stretch out their hands and tongues to harm you; it is their dearest wish that you may renounce your faith
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:3 ›
لَن تَنفَعَكُمۡ أَرۡحَامُكُمۡ وَلَاۤ أَوۡلَـٰدُكُمۡۚ یَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِیَـٰمَةِ یَفۡصِلُ بَیۡنَكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِیرࣱ ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
Neither your kinsfolk nor your children will be any use to you on the Day of Resurrection: He will separate you out. God sees everything you do
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:4 ›
قَدۡ كَانَتۡ لَكُمۡ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةࣱ فِیۤ إِبۡرَ ٰهِیمَ وَٱلَّذِینَ مَعَهُۥۤ إِذۡ قَالُوا۟ لِقَوۡمِهِمۡ إِنَّا بُرَءَ ٰۤؤُا۟ مِنكُمۡ وَمِمَّا تَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ كَفَرۡنَا بِكُمۡ وَبَدَا بَیۡنَنَا وَبَیۡنَكُمُ ٱلۡعَدَ ٰوَةُ وَٱلۡبَغۡضَاۤءُ أَبَدًا حَتَّىٰ تُؤۡمِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَحۡدَهُۥۤ إِلَّا قَوۡلَ إِبۡرَ ٰهِیمَ لِأَبِیهِ لَأَسۡتَغۡفِرَنَّ لَكَ وَمَاۤ أَمۡلِكُ لَكَ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ مِن شَیۡءࣲۖ رَّبَّنَا عَلَیۡكَ تَوَكَّلۡنَا وَإِلَیۡكَ أَنَبۡنَا وَإِلَیۡكَ ٱلۡمَصِیرُ ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
You have a good example in Abraham and his companions, when they said to their people, ‘We disown you and what you worship besides God! We renounce you! Until you believe in God alone, the enmity and hatred that has arisen between us will endure!’––except when Abraham said to his father, ‘I will pray for forgiveness for you though I cannot protect you from God’––[they prayed]
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:5 ›
رَبَّنَا لَا تَجۡعَلۡنَا فِتۡنَةࣰ لِّلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَٱغۡفِرۡ لَنَا رَبَّنَاۤۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلۡعَزِیزُ ٱلۡحَكِیمُ ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
‘Lord, we have put our trust in You; we turn to You; You are our final destination. Lord, do not expose us to mistreatment [at the hands of] the disbelievers. Forgive us, Lord, for You are the Almighty, the All Wise.’
Connections 5 single-source 3 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:6 ›
لَقَدۡ كَانَ لَكُمۡ فِیهِمۡ أُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةࣱ لِّمَن كَانَ یَرۡجُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلۡیَوۡمَ ٱلۡءَاخِرَۚ وَمَن یَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ هُوَ ٱلۡغَنِیُّ ٱلۡحَمِیدُ ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
Truly, they are a good example for you [believers] to follow, a good example for those who fear God and the Last Day. If anyone turns away, [remember] God is self-sufficing and worthy of all praise
Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:7 ›
۞ عَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن یَجۡعَلَ بَیۡنَكُمۡ وَبَیۡنَ ٱلَّذِینَ عَادَیۡتُم مِّنۡهُم مَّوَدَّةࣰۚ وَٱللَّهُ قَدِیرࣱۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
God may still bring about affection between you and your present enemies- God is all powerful, God is most forgiving and merciful
Sahl al-Tustari

�and God is Forgiving, Merciful.He said:He is Forgiving of your past sins through [accepting your] repentance (tawba), and Merciful, because He protects you from falling into the same kind of transgression during what remains of your life.His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 1 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mention (1) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:8 ›
لَّا یَنۡهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِینَ لَمۡ یُقَـٰتِلُوكُمۡ فِی ٱلدِّینِ وَلَمۡ یُخۡرِجُوكُم مِّن دِیَـٰرِكُمۡ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمۡ وَتُقۡسِطُوۤا۟ إِلَیۡهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ یُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِینَ ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
and He does not forbid you to deal kindly and justly with anyone who has not fought you for your faith or driven you out of your homes: God loves the just
60:9 ›
إِنَّمَا یَنۡهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِینَ قَـٰتَلُوكُمۡ فِی ٱلدِّینِ وَأَخۡرَجُوكُم مِّن دِیَـٰرِكُمۡ وَظَـٰهَرُوا۟ عَلَىٰۤ إِخۡرَاجِكُمۡ أَن تَوَلَّوۡهُمۡۚ وَمَن یَتَوَلَّهُمۡ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
But God forbids you to take as allies those who have fought against you for your faith, driven you out of your homes, and helped others to drive you out: any of you who take them as allies will truly be wrongdoers
Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:10 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوۤا۟ إِذَا جَاۤءَكُمُ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَـٰتُ مُهَـٰجِرَ ٰتࣲ فَٱمۡتَحِنُوهُنَّۖ ٱللَّهُ أَعۡلَمُ بِإِیمَـٰنِهِنَّۖ فَإِنۡ عَلِمۡتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤۡمِنَـٰتࣲ فَلَا تَرۡجِعُوهُنَّ إِلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِۖ لَا هُنَّ حِلࣱّ لَّهُمۡ وَلَا هُمۡ یَحِلُّونَ لَهُنَّۖ وَءَاتُوهُم مَّاۤ أَنفَقُوا۟ۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَیۡكُمۡ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ إِذَاۤ ءَاتَیۡتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّۚ وَلَا تُمۡسِكُوا۟ بِعِصَمِ ٱلۡكَوَافِرِ وَسۡءَلُوا۟ مَاۤ أَنفَقۡتُمۡ وَلۡیَسۡءَلُوا۟ مَاۤ أَنفَقُوا۟ۚ ذَ ٰلِكُمۡ حُكۡمُ ٱللَّهِ یَحۡكُمُ بَیۡنَكُمۡۖ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِیمٌ حَكِیمࣱ ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
You who believe, test the believing women when they come to you as emigrants- God knows best about their faith- and if you are sure of their belief, do not send them back to the disbelievers: they are not lawful wives for them, nor are the disbelievers their lawful husbands. Give the disbelievers whatever bride-gifts they have paid- if you choose to marry them, there is no blame on you once you have paid their bride-gifts- and do not yourselves hold on to marriage ties with disbelieving women. Ask for repayment of the bride-gifts you have paid, and let the disbelievers do the same. This is God’s judgement: He judges between you, God is all knowing and wise
Sahl al-Tustari

�And do not hold on to the [conjugal] ties of disbelieving women�He said:Do not agree with the people of innovations concerning anything which issues from their whims (ahwāʾ) or opinions (ārāʾ). His words, Exalted is He:

Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:11 ›
وَإِن فَاتَكُمۡ شَیۡءࣱ مِّنۡ أَزۡوَ ٰجِكُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبۡتُمۡ فَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلَّذِینَ ذَهَبَتۡ أَزۡوَ ٰجُهُم مِّثۡلَ مَاۤ أَنفَقُوا۟ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِیۤ أَنتُم بِهِۦ مُؤۡمِنُونَ ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
If any of you have wives who leave you for the disbelievers, and if your community subsequently acquires [gains] from them, then pay those whose wives have deserted them the equivalent of whatever bride-gift they paid. Be mindful of God, in whom you believe
Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:12 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلنَّبِیُّ إِذَا جَاۤءَكَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَـٰتُ یُبَایِعۡنَكَ عَلَىٰۤ أَن لَّا یُشۡرِكۡنَ بِٱللَّهِ شَیۡءࣰا وَلَا یَسۡرِقۡنَ وَلَا یَزۡنِینَ وَلَا یَقۡتُلۡنَ أَوۡلَـٰدَهُنَّ وَلَا یَأۡتِینَ بِبُهۡتَـٰنࣲ یَفۡتَرِینَهُۥ بَیۡنَ أَیۡدِیهِنَّ وَأَرۡجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا یَعۡصِینَكَ فِی مَعۡرُوفࣲ فَبَایِعۡهُنَّ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُنَّ ٱللَّهَۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورࣱ رَّحِیمࣱ ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
Prophet, when believing women come and pledge to you that they will not ascribe any partner to God, nor steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor lie about who has fathered their children, nor disobey you in any righteous thing, then you should accept their pledge of allegiance and pray to God to forgive them: God is most forgiving and merciful
Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

60:13 ›
یَـٰۤأَیُّهَا ٱلَّذِینَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَتَوَلَّوۡا۟ قَوۡمًا غَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَیۡهِمۡ قَدۡ یَىِٕسُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلۡءَاخِرَةِ كَمَا یَىِٕسَ ٱلۡكُفَّارُ مِنۡ أَصۡحَـٰبِ ٱلۡقُبُورِ ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
You who believe, do not take as allies those with whom God is angry: they despair of the life to come as the disbelievers despair of those buried in their graves
Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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