Tafsir al-Tustari

Sahl al-Tustari — b. 203 AH / 818 CE · d. 283 AH / 896 CE Sunni (Sufi) Early Sufi Master

Tafsir al-Tustari al-Jinn الجِنّ (The Jinn) 28 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
72:1 ›
۞ قُلۡ أُوحِیَ إِلَیَّ أَنَّهُ ٱسۡتَمَعَ نَفَرࣱ مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ فَقَالُوۤا۟ إِنَّا سَمِعۡنَا قُرۡءَانًا عَجَبࣰا ۝١
Abdel Haleem
Say [Prophet], ‘It has been revealed to me that a group of jinn once listened in and said, “We have heard a wondrous Quran
Sahl al-Tustari

Say, �It has been revealed to me that a company (nafar) of jinn listened, then said, �We have indeed heard a marvellous Qurʾān,He said:They were nine in number and had proceeded from Yemen. The word nafar refers to a number between three and ten. They came to the Prophet while he was reciting Qurʾān in his prayer. They were among the best of their people in religion, and when they heard it, they were moved by it (raqqū lahu) and they believed in it. Then they returned to their people as warners, and said, �We have indeed heard a marvellous Qurʾān,! which guides to rectitude� [72:1, 2], meaning, �It guides [people] to follow the ways of Muṣṭafā �.Sahl said:Once I saw in the place that was home to the ʿĀd people of old, a city built of stone, within which there was a magnificent palace that that had been carved out of the rock, which was a refuge for the jinn. I entered the palace to reflect [upon it], and I saw a large person standingin prayer facing the Kaʿba, wearing a long white woollen garment (jubba) which had a certain freshness (ṭarāwa) about it. I was impressed with its freshness, so I waited until he had finished his prayer and then I said: �Peace be upon you.� He replied: �And upon you be peace, Abū Muḥammad. Were you impressed with the freshness of my garment which has been on me for nine hundred years, and in which I met with Jesus son of Mary (peace be upon them both) and Muḥammad , and believed in them both? Know, O Abū Muḥammad, that bodies [in themselves] do not wear out clothes, but rather, illegitimate sources of food, and persistencein committing sins.�Then I asked, �Who are you?� He replied, �I am one of those concerning whom God, Exalted is He, said, Say, �It has been revealed to me that a company of jinn listened��Sahl was then asked, �Do the jinn enter Paradise?� He replied:I have heard that in Paradise there are lands which the jinn inhabit, and where they eat and drink, and in the Qurʾān there is evidence of this as God said, Exalted is He: [of modest gaze] who have not been touched by man or jinn before [55:56].His words, Exalted is He:

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72:2 ›
یَهۡدِیۤ إِلَى ٱلرُّشۡدِ فَءَامَنَّا بِهِۦۖ وَلَن نُّشۡرِكَ بِرَبِّنَاۤ أَحَدࣰا ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
that gives guidance to the right path, and we have come to believe it––We shall never set up partners with our Lord––
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72:3 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ تَعَـٰلَىٰ جَدُّ رَبِّنَا مَا ٱتَّخَذَ صَـٰحِبَةࣰ وَلَا وَلَدࣰا ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
and that He––exalted be the glory of our Lord!––has neither spouse nor child
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72:4 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ یَقُولُ سَفِیهُنَا عَلَى ٱللَّهِ شَطَطࣰا ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
Outrageous things have been said about God by the foolish among us
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72:5 ›
وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّاۤ أَن لَّن تَقُولَ ٱلۡإِنسُ وَٱلۡجِنُّ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبࣰا ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
although we had thought that no man or jinn would [dare to] tell a lie about Him
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72:6 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ رِجَالࣱ مِّنَ ٱلۡإِنسِ یَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالࣲ مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ فَزَادُوهُمۡ رَهَقࣰا ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
Men have sought refuge with the jinn in the past, but they only misguided them further
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72:7 ›
وَأَنَّهُمۡ ظَنُّوا۟ كَمَا ظَنَنتُمۡ أَن لَّن یَبۡعَثَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدࣰا ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
They thought, as you did, that God would never raise anyone from the dead
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72:8 ›
وَأَنَّا لَمَسۡنَا ٱلسَّمَاۤءَ فَوَجَدۡنَـٰهَا مُلِئَتۡ حَرَسࣰا شَدِیدࣰا وَشُهُبࣰا ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
We tried to reach heaven, but discovered it to be full of stern guards and shooting stars––
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72:9 ›
وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقۡعُدُ مِنۡهَا مَقَـٰعِدَ لِلسَّمۡعِۖ فَمَن یَسۡتَمِعِ ٱلۡءَانَ یَجِدۡ لَهُۥ شِهَابࣰا رَّصَدࣰا ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
we used to sit in places there, listening, but anyone trying to listen now will find a shooting star lying in wait for him––
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72:10 ›
وَأَنَّا لَا نَدۡرِیۤ أَشَرٌّ أُرِیدَ بِمَن فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَمۡ أَرَادَ بِهِمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ رَشَدࣰا ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
[so now] we do not know whether those who live on earth are due for misfortune, or whether their Lord intends to guide them
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72:11 ›
وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلصَّـٰلِحُونَ وَمِنَّا دُونَ ذَ ٰلِكَۖ كُنَّا طَرَاۤىِٕقَ قِدَدࣰا ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
Some of us are righteous and others less so: we follow different paths
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72:12 ›
وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّاۤ أَن لَّن نُّعۡجِزَ ٱللَّهَ فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَن نُّعۡجِزَهُۥ هَرَبࣰا ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
We know we can never frustrate God on earth; we can never escape Him
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72:13 ›
وَأَنَّا لَمَّا سَمِعۡنَا ٱلۡهُدَىٰۤ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦۖ فَمَن یُؤۡمِنۢ بِرَبِّهِۦ فَلَا یَخَافُ بَخۡسࣰا وَلَا رَهَقࣰا ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
When we heard the guidance we came to believe: whoever believes in his Lord need fear no loss nor injustice
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72:14 ›
وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلۡمُسۡلِمُونَ وَمِنَّا ٱلۡقَـٰسِطُونَۖ فَمَنۡ أَسۡلَمَ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ تَحَرَّوۡا۟ رَشَدࣰا ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
Some of us submit to Him and others go the wrong way: those who submit to God have found wise guidance
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72:15 ›
وَأَمَّا ٱلۡقَـٰسِطُونَ فَكَانُوا۟ لِجَهَنَّمَ حَطَبࣰا ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
but those who go wrong will be fuel for Hellfire.” ’
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72:16 ›
وَأَلَّوِ ٱسۡتَقَـٰمُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلطَّرِیقَةِ لَأَسۡقَیۡنَـٰهُم مَّاۤءً غَدَقࣰا ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
If they had taken to the right way, We would have given them abundant water to drink
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72:17 ›
لِّنَفۡتِنَهُمۡ فِیهِۚ وَمَن یُعۡرِضۡ عَن ذِكۡرِ رَبِّهِۦ یَسۡلُكۡهُ عَذَابࣰا صَعَدࣰا ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
a test for them––but anyone who turns away from his Lord’s Revelation will be sent by Him to spiralling torment
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72:18 ›
وَأَنَّ ٱلۡمَسَـٰجِدَ لِلَّهِ فَلَا تَدۡعُوا۟ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدࣰا ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
Places of worship are for God alone- so do not pray to anyone other than God
Sahl al-Tustari

�And [it has been revealed to me] that the places of prayer belong to God, so do not invoke anyone along with God�.He said:That is, �Do not make a supplication to [anyone] along with God as a partner [to Him] (sharīkan)�; or in other words, �There is no one who is a partner with Me in anything which would thereby prevent my servant from remembering Me.� Hence, it is the same with whatever belongs to God, Exalted is He, and no one has any means to resist Him or withhold [anything from Him].His words, Exalted is He:

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72:19 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ لَمَّا قَامَ عَبۡدُ ٱللَّهِ یَدۡعُوهُ كَادُوا۟ یَكُونُونَ عَلَیۡهِ لِبَدࣰا ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
yet when God’s Servant stood up to pray to Him, they pressed in on him
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72:20 ›
قُلۡ إِنَّمَاۤ أَدۡعُوا۟ رَبِّی وَلَاۤ أُشۡرِكُ بِهِۦۤ أَحَدࣰا ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘I pray to my Lord alone; I set up no partner with Him.’
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72:21 ›
قُلۡ إِنِّی لَاۤ أَمۡلِكُ لَكُمۡ ضَرࣰّا وَلَا رَشَدࣰا ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘I have no control over any harm or good that may befall you.’
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72:22 ›
قُلۡ إِنِّی لَن یُجِیرَنِی مِنَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدࣱ وَلَنۡ أَجِدَ مِن دُونِهِۦ مُلۡتَحَدًا ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘No one can protect me from God: I have no refuge except in Him
Sahl al-Tustari

Say, �Indeed none shall protect me from God, and I shall never find any refuge besides Him.�He said:He has commanded him [the Prophet] to [be in a state of] utter neediness (iftiqār) and to take refuge (lujūʾ) in Him, and then to manifest both of these [conditions] through his words, that thereby the disbelievers will be increased in error (ḍalāl), and the believers will be increased in guidance (irshād). And this is a maxim for sincerity (ikhlāṣ) in the profession of God�s oneness(tawḥīd), since the truth (ḥaqīqa) of professing His oneness means looking towards God and none other, advancing towards Him (iqbāl ʿalayhi) and relying upon Him (iʿtimād ʿalayhi). However, this will not be accomplished save by turning away from everything other than Him, showing one�s utter neediness for Him, and taking refuge in Him.His words, Exalted is He:

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72:23 ›
إِلَّا بَلَـٰغࣰا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِسَـٰلَـٰتِهِۦۚ وَمَن یَعۡصِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَـٰلِدِینَ فِیهَاۤ أَبَدًا ۝٢٣
Abdel Haleem
I only deliver [what I receive] from God- only His messages.’ Whoever disobeys God and His Messenger will have Hell’s Fire as his permanent home
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72:24 ›
حَتَّىٰۤ إِذَا رَأَوۡا۟ مَا یُوعَدُونَ فَسَیَعۡلَمُونَ مَنۡ أَضۡعَفُ نَاصِرࣰا وَأَقَلُّ عَدَدࣰا ۝٢٤
Abdel Haleem
when they are confronted by what they have been warned about, they will realize who has the weaker protector and the smaller number
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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:25 ›
قُلۡ إِنۡ أَدۡرِیۤ أَقَرِیبࣱ مَّا تُوعَدُونَ أَمۡ یَجۡعَلُ لَهُۥ رَبِّیۤ أَمَدًا ۝٢٥
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘I do not know whether what you have been warned about is near, or whether a distant time has been appointed for it by my Lord.’
Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:26 ›
عَـٰلِمُ ٱلۡغَیۡبِ فَلَا یُظۡهِرُ عَلَىٰ غَیۡبِهِۦۤ أَحَدًا ۝٢٦
Abdel Haleem
He is the One who knows what is hidden
Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:27 ›
إِلَّا مَنِ ٱرۡتَضَىٰ مِن رَّسُولࣲ فَإِنَّهُۥ یَسۡلُكُ مِنۢ بَیۡنِ یَدَیۡهِ وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦ رَصَدࣰا ۝٢٧
Abdel Haleem
He does not disclose it except to a messenger of His choosing. He sends watchers to go in front and behin
Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:28 ›
لِّیَعۡلَمَ أَن قَدۡ أَبۡلَغُوا۟ رِسَـٰلَـٰتِ رَبِّهِمۡ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَیۡهِمۡ وَأَحۡصَىٰ كُلَّ شَیۡءٍ عَدَدَۢا ۝٢٨
Abdel Haleem
to ensure that each of His messengers delivers his Lord’s message: He knows all about them, and He takes account of everything
Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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