Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas al-`Alaq العَلَق (The Clot, Read) 19 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ
Abdel Haleem
Read! In the name of your Lord who created
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Read): '(Read) He says: Read, O Muhammad, the Qur'an; this is the first revelation that Gabriel brought down: (In the name of thy Lord) by the command of your Lord (Who createth) the created beings,

خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ
Abdel Haleem
He created manfrom a clinging form
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Createth man) i.e. the son of Adam (from a clot) and the Prophet (pbuh) said: �what shall I read?� And Gabriel read to him the first four verses of this surah.

اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ
Abdel Haleem
Read! Your Lord is the Most Bountiful On
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

He said to him: (Read) the Qur'an, O Muhammad: (And thy Lord is the Most Bounteous) and your Lord is Clement and forgives the ignorance of the servants,

الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ
Abdel Haleem
who taught by [means of] the pen
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Who teacheth by the pen) Who teaches writing by the pen,

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عَلَّمَ الْإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ
Abdel Haleem
who taught man what he did not know
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Teacheth man) writing with the pen (that which be knew not) before this; it is also said: He taught man the names of all things which he previously did not know.

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كَلَّا إِنَّ الْإِنسَانَ لَيَطْغَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
But man exceeds all bound
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay, but verily) O Muhammad (man) i.e. the disbeliever (is rebellious) is a wanton, he moves from one position to another with regard to his food, drink, clothing and mount

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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أَن رَّآهُ اسْتَغْنَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
when he thinks he is self-sufficient
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(That he thinketh himself independent) of Allah because of his wealth!

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إِنَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
[Prophet], all will return to your Lord
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Lo! unto thy Lord) O Muhammad (is the return) of all created beings in the Hereafter.

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أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Have you seen the man who forbid
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Then it was revealed about Abu Jahl Ibn Hisham when he wanted to step on the neck of the Prophet (pbuh) while he was in prayer: (Hast thou seen him) O Muhammad (who dissuadeth

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عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
[Our] servant to pray
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

A slave) i.e. Muhammad (pbuh) (when he prayeth) to Allah?

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أَرَأَيْتَ إِن كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Have you seen whether he is rightly guided
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Hast thou seen if he (relieth) on the guidance (of Allah)) i.e. Muhammad (pbuh) is following the guidance: prophethood and Islam

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أَوْ أَمَرَ بِالتَّقْوَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
or encourages true piety
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Or enjoineth piety) and enjoins belief in Allah's divine Oneness?

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أَرَأَيْتَ إِن كَذَّبَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Have you seen whether he denies the truth and turns away from it
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Hast thou seen if he denieth (Allah's guidance)) and Abu Jahl disbelieved in Allah's divine Oneness (and is froward) and turned away from faith?

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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أَلَمْ يَعْلَم بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَىٰ
Abdel Haleem
Does he not realize that God sees all
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Is he) Abu Jahl (then unaware that Allah seeth) what he did to the Prophet (pbuh)?

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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كَلَّا لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ لَنَسْفَعًا بِالنَّاصِيَةِ
Abdel Haleem
No! If he does not stop, We shall drag him by his forehead––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay) truly, O Muhammad, (but if he cease not) if Abu Jahl does not repent of harming the Prophet (pbuh). (We will seize him by the forelock

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نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ
Abdel Haleem
his lying, sinful forehead
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

The lying) about Allah, (sinful forelock) that ascribes partners to Allah

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فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُ
Abdel Haleem
Let him summon his comrades
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Then let him call upon his henchmen) his folk and companions!

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ
Abdel Haleem
We shall summon the guards of Hell
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(We will call the guards of hell) i.e. the keepers of hell.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

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Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

كَلَّا لَا تُطِعْهُ وَاسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِب
Abdel Haleem
No! Do not obey him [Prophet]: bow down in worship and draw close
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay) truly, O Muhammad! (Obey not thou him) i.e. obey not Abu Jahl when he wants you not to pray to your Lord. (But prostrate thyself) to your Lord, (and draw near (unto Allah)) through prostration.

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