Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas al-Ma`arij المَعَارِج (The Ascending Stairways, The Ladders) 44 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
سَأَلَ سَاۤىِٕلُۢ بِعَذَابࣲ وَاقِعࣲ ۝١
Abdel Haleem
A man [mockingly] demanded the punishment
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (A questioner questioned): '(A questioner questioned) a caller, i.e. al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith, called (concerning the doom about to fall

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لِّلۡكَـٰفِرِینَ لَیۡسَ لَهُۥ دَافِعࣱ ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
It will fall on the disbelievers––none can deflect it––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Upon the disbelievers) while he is himself a disbeliever, (which none can repel) and so he was killed in captivity on the Day of Badr,

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مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ ذِی ٱلۡمَعَارِجِ ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
from God, the Lord of the Ways of Ascent
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(From Allah) this punishment of the disbelievers comes from Allah, (Lord of the Ascending Stairways) the Creator of the heavens

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تَعۡرُجُ ٱلۡمَلَـٰۤىِٕكَةُ وَٱلرُّوحُ إِلَیۡهِ فِی یَوۡمࣲ كَانَ مِقۡدَارُهُۥ خَمۡسِینَ أَلۡفَ سَنَةࣲ ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
by which the angels and the Spirit ascend to Him, on a Day whose length is fifty thousand years
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

((Whereby) the angels and the Spirit) i.e. Gabriel (ascend unto Him) unto Allah (in a Day whereof the span) the span of ascending it for other than the angels (is fifty thousand years) it is also said that this means: it is from Allah that the punishment of the disbelievers comes in a day whose span is 50,000 years; and it is also said that this means: if anyone, other than Allah, were given the reckoning of people, such reckoning would not finish in 50,000 years.

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فَٱصۡبِرۡ صَبۡرࣰا جَمِیلًا ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
So be patient, [Prophet], as befits you
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(But be patient) O Muhammad, in the face of their harm (with a patience fair to see) i.e. without anguish or display of indecency; and it is also said this means: stay away from them and show no anguish or indecency. Later, he was commanded to fight them.

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إِنَّهُمۡ یَرَوۡنَهُۥ بَعِیدࣰا ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
The disbelievers think it is distant
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Lo! They) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca (behold it) i.e. the doom on the Day of Judgement (afar off) it will not happen

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وَنَرَىٰهُ قَرِیبࣰا ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
but We know it to be close
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(While We behold it nigh) it will happen, for whatever will happen in the future is near:

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یَوۡمَ تَكُونُ ٱلسَّمَاۤءُ كَٱلۡمُهۡلِ ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
On a Day when the heavens will be like molten bras
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Allah then explained when they will be chastised, saying: (The day when the sky will become as molten copper) and it is said: like the sediments of olive oil,

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وَتَكُونُ ٱلۡجِبَالُ كَٱلۡعِهۡنِ ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
and the mountains like tufts of wool
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And the hills become as flakes of wool,

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وَلَا یَسۡءَلُ حَمِیمٌ حَمِیمࣰا ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
when no friend will ask about his friend
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And no familiar friend will ask a question of his friend) no relative will ask about his relative

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یُبَصَّرُونَهُمۡۚ یَوَدُّ ٱلۡمُجۡرِمُ لَوۡ یَفۡتَدِی مِنۡ عَذَابِ یَوۡمِىِٕذِۭ بِبَنِیهِ ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
even when they are within sight of one another. The guilty person will wish he could save himself from the suffering of that Day by sacrificing his sons
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Though they will be given sight of them) but will not recognise them as a result of their preoccupation with their own selves. (The guilty man) the idolater, i.e. Abu Jahl and his host; and it is said: al-Nadr Ibn al-Harith and his host (will long be able to ransom himself from the punishment of that day) the Day of Judgement (at the price of his children

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وَصَـٰحِبَتِهِۦ وَأَخِیهِ ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
his spouse, his brother
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And his spouse and his brother) his full brother

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وَفَصِیلَتِهِ ٱلَّتِی تُءۡوِیهِ ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
the kinsfolk who gave him shelter
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And his kin) and his clan and relatives (that harboured him) to whom he belongs

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وَمَن فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ جَمِیعࣰا ثُمَّ یُنجِیهِ ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
and everyone on earth, if it could save him
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And all that are in the earth) and at the price of all that which is in the earth, (if then it might deliver him) if Allah might deliver him from the punishment.

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كَلَّاۤۖ إِنَّهَا لَظَىٰ ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
But no! There is a raging flam
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(But nay!) truly this will not deliver him from the punishment-this is an answer to him-(for lo! it is the fire of hell

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نَزَّاعَةࣰ لِّلشَّوَىٰ ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
that strips away the skin
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Eager to roast) the entire body; it is also said that this means: it will pluck out the hands and feet as well as all the other members of the body;

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تَدۡعُوا۟ مَنۡ أَدۡبَرَ وَتَوَلَّىٰ ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
and it will claim everyone who rejects the truth, turns away
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(It calleth) to itself: �come to me, O disbeliever!�, �come to me, O hypocrite� (him who turned) from Allah's divine Oneness (and fled) from faith and did not repent of disbelief,

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وَجَمَعَ فَأَوۡعَىٰۤ ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
amasses wealth and hoards it
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And hoarded (wealth)) in the life of the world (and withheld it) he put it in a container and refused to give the right of Allah which is due from it.

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۞ إِنَّ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ خُلِقَ هَلُوعًا ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
Man was truly created anxious
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Lo! Man) i.e. the disbelieving person (was created anxious) miserly, too attached and tight-fisted,

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إِذَا مَسَّهُ ٱلشَّرُّ جَزُوعࣰا ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
he is fretful when misfortune touches him
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Fretful) he is not patient (when evil befalleth him) when poverty and hardship befall him

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وَإِذَا مَسَّهُ ٱلۡخَیۡرُ مَنُوعًا ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
but tight-fisted when good fortune comes his way
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And, when good) wealth and abundance (befalleth him, grudging) he does not give thanks and withholds the right of Allah which is due from it;

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إِلَّا ٱلۡمُصَلِّینَ ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
Not so those who pra
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Save worshippers) those who pray the five daily prayers for they are not like this.

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ٱلَّذِینَ هُمۡ عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمۡ دَاۤىِٕمُونَ ۝٢٣
Abdel Haleem
and are constant in their prayers
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Allah then explained the traits of the latter, saying: (Who are constant at their worship) they constantly perform their prescribed daily prayers, whether it is at night or in the day, and they never fail to perform them.

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وَٱلَّذِینَ فِیۤ أَمۡوَ ٰلِهِمۡ حَقࣱّ مَّعۡلُومࣱ ۝٢٤
Abdel Haleem
who give a due share of their wealt
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And in whose wealth there is a right acknowledged) they acknowledge that there is in their wealth a right other than the prescribed poor-due,

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لِّلسَّاۤىِٕلِ وَٱلۡمَحۡرُومِ ۝٢٥
Abdel Haleem
to beggars and the deprived
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(For the beggar) who ask you to give him from your wealth (and the destitute) who is denied his wage or booty; it is also said that this refers to the artisan whose skill does not earn him enough for him to subsist; it is also said that this refers to the poor who does not beg from others and as a result no one gives or knows about him;

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وَٱلَّذِینَ یُصَدِّقُونَ بِیَوۡمِ ٱلدِّینِ ۝٢٦
Abdel Haleem
who believe in the Day of Judgemen
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And those who believe in the Day of Judgement) and those who believe in the Day of Reckoning and all that which is in it,

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وَٱلَّذِینَ هُم مِّنۡ عَذَابِ رَبِّهِم مُّشۡفِقُونَ ۝٢٧
Abdel Haleem
and fear the punishment of their Lord––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And those who are fearful of their Lord's doom

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إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّهِمۡ غَیۡرُ مَأۡمُونࣲ ۝٢٨
Abdel Haleem
none may feel wholly secure from it––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Lo! the doom of their Lord is that before which none can feel secure) no guarantee of security has come to them from their Lord.

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وَٱلَّذِینَ هُمۡ لِفُرُوجِهِمۡ حَـٰفِظُونَ ۝٢٩
Abdel Haleem
who guard their chastit
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And those who preserve their chastity) they are chaste as far as what is unlawful is concerned

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إِلَّا عَلَىٰۤ أَزۡوَ ٰجِهِمۡ أَوۡ مَا مَلَكَتۡ أَیۡمَـٰنُهُمۡ فَإِنَّهُمۡ غَیۡرُ مَلُومِینَ ۝٣٠
Abdel Haleem
from all but their spouses or their slave-girls––there is no blame attached to [relations with] these
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Save with their) four (wives and those whom their right hands possess) of slaves without limitation, (for thus they are not blameworthy) nor sinful; they are not reproached for indulging in that which is lawful;

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فَمَنِ ٱبۡتَغَىٰ وَرَاۤءَ ذَ ٰلِكَ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ هُمُ ٱلۡعَادُونَ ۝٣١
Abdel Haleem
but those whose desires exceed this limit are truly transgressors––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(But whoso seeketh more than that) whoever seeks more than what I have mentioned of wives and slaves, (those are they who are transgressors) from that which is lawful to that which is unlawful;

Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَٱلَّذِینَ هُمۡ لِأَمَـٰنَـٰتِهِمۡ وَعَهۡدِهِمۡ رَ ٰعُونَ ۝٣٢
Abdel Haleem
who are faithful to their trusts and their pledges
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And those who keep) and those who honour, and keep to the time agreed upon regarding (their pledges) that with which they have been entrusted whether it relates to religion or other things (and their covenant) with their Lord or with other people; and it is also said this means: and their oaths.

Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَٱلَّذِینَ هُم بِشَهَـٰدَ ٰتِهِمۡ قَاۤىِٕمُونَ ۝٣٣
Abdel Haleem
who give honest testimon
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And those who stand by their testimony) before the judges when they are called to give witness, and do not refuse to testify,

Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

وَٱلَّذِینَ هُمۡ عَلَىٰ صَلَاتِهِمۡ یُحَافِظُونَ ۝٣٤
Abdel Haleem
and are steadfast in their prayers
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And those who are attentive at their worship) they observe the prescribed times of their five daily prayers,

Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

أُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ فِی جَنَّـٰتࣲ مُّكۡرَمُونَ ۝٣٥
Abdel Haleem
They will be honoured in Gardens of bliss
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(These) those who have such traits (will dwell in Gardens, honoured) with reward, presents and gifts.

Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (6) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

فَمَالِ ٱلَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا۟ قِبَلَكَ مُهۡطِعِینَ ۝٣٦
Abdel Haleem
What is wrong with the disbelievers? Why do they rush to peer at you [Prophet]
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(What aileth those who disbelieve) the disbelievers of Mecca who mock the believers as well as the other disbelievers, (that they keep staring towards thee (O Muhammad)) around you, (open eyed) looking at you without coming close to you,

Connections 20 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (20) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

عَنِ ٱلۡیَمِینِ وَعَنِ ٱلشِّمَالِ عِزِینَ ۝٣٧
Abdel Haleem
from right and left, in crowds
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Dispersed (On the right and on the left, in groups?

Connections 20 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (20) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

أَیَطۡمَعُ كُلُّ ٱمۡرِىࣲٕ مِّنۡهُمۡ أَن یُدۡخَلَ جَنَّةَ نَعِیمࣲ ۝٣٨
Abdel Haleem
Does every one of them expect to enter a Garden of bliss
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Doth every man among them hope to enter the Garden of Delight?) This is an answer from Allah to the disbelievers that He will not let them enter the Garden.

Connections 20 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (20) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

كَلَّاۤۖ إِنَّا خَلَقۡنَـٰهُم مِّمَّا یَعۡلَمُونَ ۝٣٩
Abdel Haleem
No! We created them from the substance they know
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay, verily. Lo! We created them) i.e. the disbelievers of Mecca (from what they know) i.e. a sperm drop.

Connections 20 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (20) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

فَلَاۤ أُقۡسِمُ بِرَبِّ ٱلۡمَشَـٰرِقِ وَٱلۡمَغَـٰرِبِ إِنَّا لَقَـٰدِرُونَ ۝٤٠
Abdel Haleem
and, by the Lord of every sunrise and sunset, We have the powe
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(But nay! I swear by the Lord of the rising places) the rising places of winter and summer (and the setting places of the planets) the setting places of winter and summer. There are two rising places and two setting places. The rising place of winter and summer has 177 phases and so do the setting places of winter and summer. The sun rises, in a year, two days in the same phase, and it also sets, in a year, two days in the same phase (that We are Able) this is the reason of the above oath

Connections 20 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (20) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

عَلَىٰۤ أَن نُّبَدِّلَ خَیۡرࣰا مِّنۡهُمۡ وَمَا نَحۡنُ بِمَسۡبُوقِینَ ۝٤١
Abdel Haleem
to substitute for them others better than they are- nothing can prevent Us from doing this
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(To replace them by (others) better than them) He says: We are Able to destroy them and replace them with others who are better and more obedient than them. (And We are not to be outrun) We are unable to replace them with others who are better than them.

Connections 20 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (20) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

فَذَرۡهُمۡ یَخُوضُوا۟ وَیَلۡعَبُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ یُلَـٰقُوا۟ یَوۡمَهُمُ ٱلَّذِی یُوعَدُونَ ۝٤٢
Abdel Haleem
So leave them to wallow in idle talk, until they come face to face with their promised Day
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(So let them) O Muhammad, i.e. let those who mock you and the other disbelievers (chat) about falsehood (and play) and mock you while continuing to be disbelievers (until they meet) until they behold (their Day which they are promised) in which they are promised chastisement,

Connections 20 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (20) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

یَوۡمَ یَخۡرُجُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَجۡدَاثِ سِرَاعࣰا كَأَنَّهُمۡ إِلَىٰ نُصُبࣲ یُوفِضُونَ ۝٤٣
Abdel Haleem
the Day they will rush out of their graves as if rallying to a flag
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Allah then explained when this chastisement will take place, saying: (The day when they come forth from the graves in haste) in response to the sound (as racing to a goal) or a banner,

Connections 20 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (20) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

خَـٰشِعَةً أَبۡصَـٰرُهُمۡ تَرۡهَقُهُمۡ ذِلَّةࣱۚ ذَ ٰلِكَ ٱلۡیَوۡمُ ٱلَّذِی كَانُوا۟ یُوعَدُونَ ۝٤٤
Abdel Haleem
eyes downcast and covered in shame: that is the Day of which they were warned
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(With eyes) that see no goodness (aghast) humiliated, (abasement stupefying them) grief and darkness appear on their faces: (Such is the Day which they are promised) such is the Day in which they were promised chastisement; and this day is the Day of Judgement. And this promise is like the promise and warning of Noah'.

Connections 20 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (20) cited by only one commentator

By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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