Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas

Attributed to Ibn Abbas — b. -3 AH / 619 CE · d. 68 AH / 687 CE Sunni Companion (Sahabi)

Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas al-Mutaffifin المُطَفِّفِين (Defrauding, The Defrauders, The Cheats, Cheating) 36 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
83:1 ›
وَيْلٌ لِّلْمُطَفِّفِينَ
Abdel Haleem
Woe to those who give short measure
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying: (Woe unto the defrauders): '(Woe) severe punishment (unto the defrauders) in weighing and measurement; this refers to the people of Medina who used to cheat in weighing and measurement before the coming of the Prophet (pbuh) and so this surah was revealed to the Prophet (pbuh) on his way when he was migrating to Medina:

Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:2 ›
الَّذِينَ إِذَا اكْتَالُوا عَلَى النَّاسِ يَسْتَوْفُونَ
Abdel Haleem
who demand of other people full measure for themselves
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Allah then explained who these defrauders are, saying: (Those who when they take the measure from mankind) those who, when they buy from people and weigh or measure that which they buy for themselves, (demand it full) they weigh and measure their merchandise in full,

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:3 ›
وَإِذَا كَالُوهُمْ أَو وَّزَنُوهُمْ يُخْسِرُونَ
Abdel Haleem
but give less than they should when it is they who weigh or measure for others
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(But if they measure unto them) but when they measure for others (or weigh for them, they cause them loss) they decrease the measurement or the weight and behave very badly; it is also said that the above means: severe punishment on that day is unto the defrauders in the prayer, the poor-due, fasting and other acts of worship.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:4 ›
أَلَا يَظُنُّ أُولَٰئِكَ أَنَّهُم مَّبْعُوثُونَ
Abdel Haleem
Do these people not realize that they will be raised u
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Do such (men)) those who deal in fraud in weight and measurement (not consider) not know and believe (that they will be raised again) brought back to life

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:5 ›
لِيَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
on a mighty Day
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Unto an awful Day) the Day of Judgement whose horrors are great,

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:6 ›
يَوْمَ يَقُومُ النَّاسُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
Abdel Haleem
a Day when everyone will stand before the Lord of the Worlds
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(The day when (all) mankind stand) after emerging from the graves (before the Lord of the Worlds) the Lord of every living being who walks on the earth and the Lord of the dwellers of heaven? When the Prophet (pbuh) read to them this surah, they repented and started giving full weight and measurement.

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

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83:7 ›
كَلَّا إِنَّ كِتَابَ الْفُجَّارِ لَفِي سِجِّينٍ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! The list of the wicked is in Sijjin––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay) truly, O Muhammad, (but the record of the vile) the works of the disbelievers (is in Sijjin

Connections 8 single-source 2 commentators

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83:8 ›
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا سِجِّينٌ
Abdel Haleem
what will explain to you what Sijjin is?––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Ah! what will convey unto thee what Sijjin is) what is in Sijjin! This is mentioned by way of aggrandizement of Sijjin.

Connections 8 single-source 2 commentators

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83:9 ›
كِتَابٌ مَّرْقُومٌ
Abdel Haleem
a clearly numbered list
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(A written record) He says: the works of the children of Adam are written on a green rock under the seventh earth; this is Sijjin.

Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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83:10 ›
وَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ
Abdel Haleem
Woe on that day to the deniers
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Woe) severe punishment (unto the repudiators) unto the deniers of faith and the resurrection (on that day) the Day of Judgement!

Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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83:11 ›
الَّذِينَ يُكَذِّبُونَ بِيَوْمِ الدِّينِ
Abdel Haleem
those who deny the Day of Judgement
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Those who deny the Day of Judgement) and the Reckoning which will take place in it

Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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83:12 ›
وَمَا يُكَذِّبُ بِهِ إِلَّا كُلُّ مُعْتَدٍ أَثِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
Only the evil aggressor denies it
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Which none denieth) i.e. none denies the Day of Judgement (save each criminal transgressor) save each sinful and unjust person who transgresses against the Truth, such as al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah al-Makhzumi,

Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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83:13 ›
إِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا قَالَ أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ
Abdel Haleem
when Our revelations are recited to him, he says, ‘Ancient fables!’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Who, when thou readest unto him) unto al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah (Our revelations) the Qur'an explaining the commands and prohibitions, (saith: (Mere) fables of the men of old) this is nothing but the lies and idle talk of the people of old.

Connections 7 single-source 2 commentators

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83:14 ›
كَلَّا بَلْ رَانَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِم مَّا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! Their hearts are encrusted with what they have done
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay) truly, O Muhammad, (but that which they have earned) which they have done and said in their state of idolatry (is rust upon their hearts) Allah has sealed the hearts of those who disbelieve in the Day of Judgement; it is also said that the accumulation of sins blackens the heart and this is what is meant by the rust of hearts.

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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83:15 ›
كَلَّا إِنَّهُمْ عَن رَّبِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَّمَحْجُوبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! On that Day they will be screened offfrom their Lord
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay) truly, O Muhammad, (but surely on that day) the Day of Judgement (they) i.e. the deniers of the Day of Judgement (will be covered from (the mercy of) their Lord) they will be prevented from beholding their Lord while the believers will behold Him.

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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83:16 ›
ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ لَصَالُو الْجَحِيمِ
Abdel Haleem
they will burn in Hell
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Then lo! they verily will burn in hell) then they will enter the Fire,

Connections 6 single-source 1 commentator

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83:17 ›
ثُمَّ يُقَالُ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كُنتُم بِهِ تُكَذِّبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
and they will be told, ‘This is what you called a lie.’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And it will be said (unto them)) the keepers of hell will say to them when they enter it: (This is that which ye used to deny) this is the chastisement which you used to claim it will never happen.

Connections 5 single-source 1 commentator

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83:18 ›
كَلَّا إِنَّ كِتَابَ الْأَبْرَارِ لَفِي عِلِّيِّينَ
Abdel Haleem
No indeed! The list of the truly good is in 'Illiyyin––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay) truly, O Muhammad, (but the record of the righteous) the works of those who are true in their faith (is in 'Illiyyin

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:19 ›
وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا عِلِّيُّونَ
Abdel Haleem
what will explain to you what 'Illiyyin is?––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Ah, what will convey unto thee) O Muhammad (what 'Illiyyin is!) what is in 'Illiyyin.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:20 ›
كِتَابٌ مَّرْقُومٌ
Abdel Haleem
a clearly written list
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(A written record) it is said that the works of the righteous are written on tablets made of green chrysolite which are placed above the seventh heaven below the Throne of the Beneficent; this is 'Illiyyin,

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:21 ›
يَشْهَدُهُ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
witnessed by those brought near
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Attested by those who are brought near (unto their Lord)) the works of the righteous are attested by the dwellers of heaven who are near their Lord.

Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:22 ›
إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ لَفِي نَعِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
The truly good will live in bliss
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Lo! the righteous) those who are true in their faith, and these are the ones who do not harm even the tiniest ant (verily are in delight) in Paradise whose bliss is everlasting,

Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:23 ›
عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ يَنظُرُونَ
Abdel Haleem
seated on couches, gazing around
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(On couches) in curtained canopies, (gazing) looking at the inhabitants of the Fire,

Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:24 ›
تَعْرِفُ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ نَضْرَةَ النَّعِيمِ
Abdel Haleem
You will recognize on their faces the radiance of bliss
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Thou wilt know) O Muhammad (in their faces) the faces of the inhabitants of Paradise (the radiance of delight

Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:25 ›
يُسْقَوْنَ مِن رَّحِيقٍ مَّخْتُومٍ
Abdel Haleem
They will be served a sealed nectar
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

They are given to drink) in Paradise (of a pure wine, sealed) mixed,

Connections 6 single-source 2 commentators

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83:26 ›
خِتَامُهُ مِسْكٌ وَفِي ذَٰلِكَ فَلْيَتَنَافَسِ الْمُتَنَافِسُونَ
Abdel Haleem
its seal [perfumed with] a fragrant herb––let those who strive, strive for this––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Whose seal) whose end result (is musk. For this) for what I have mentioned (let (all) those who strive for bliss) let those who work and those who strive and those who hasten and those who take the initiative take the initiative.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:27 ›
وَمِزَاجُهُ مِن تَسْنِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
mixed with the water of Tasnim
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And mixed with water of Tasnim,

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

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83:28 ›
عَيْنًا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا الْمُقَرَّبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
a spring from which those brought near will drink
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

A spring) gushing forth for them from the Garden of Eden (whence those brought near to Allah drink) those who are near to the Garden of Eden drink from the spring of Tasnim.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

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83:29 ›
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا كَانُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَضْحَكُونَ
Abdel Haleem
The wicked used to laugh at the believers––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Lo! the guilty) the idolaters, Abu Jahl and his host (used to laugh at those who believed) used to mock and poke fun at 'Ali and his fellow believers,

Connections 4 single-source 1 commentator

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83:30 ›
وَإِذَا مَرُّوا بِهِمْ يَتَغَامَزُونَ
Abdel Haleem
they would wink at one another when the believers passed by them
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And wink one to another) they slander the believers (when they passed them) when the believers passed the disbelievers in their way to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh);

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

83:31 ›
وَإِذَا انقَلَبُوا إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِمُ انقَلَبُوا فَكِهِينَ
Abdel Haleem
joke about them when they got back to their own people
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And when they) the disbelievers (returned to their own folk, they returned jesting) they returned happy with their idolatry and mocking the believers;

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

83:32 ›
وَإِذَا رَأَوْهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ لَضَالُّونَ
Abdel Haleem
and say, when they saw them, ‘These people are misguided,’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And when they saw them) and when they saw the Companions of the Prophet (pbuh) (they said) i.e. the disbelievers said: (Lo! These) the Companions of the Prophet (pbuh) (have gone astray) from true guidance.

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

83:33 ›
وَمَا أُرْسِلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَافِظِينَ
Abdel Haleem
though they were not sent to be their keepers
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Yet they were not sent) they were not set upon the believers (as guardians over them) as guardians over them or over their works.

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

83:34 ›
فَالْيَوْمَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ يَضْحَكُونَ
Abdel Haleem
so today the believers are laughing at the disbeliever
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(This day) which is the Day of Judgement (it is those who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an: i.e. 'Ali and his fellow believers (who have the laugh of disbelievers) who will laugh at the disbelievers,

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

83:35 ›
عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ يَنظُرُونَ
Abdel Haleem
as they sit on couches, gazing around
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(On high couches) in curtained canopies, (gazing) looking at the people of the Fire being dragged therein.

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

83:36 ›
هَلْ ثُوِّبَ الْكُفَّارُ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ
Abdel Haleem
Have the disbelievers [not] been repaid for their deeds
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Are not the disbelievers paid) rewarded in the Hereafter (for what they used to do) except for what they used to do and say in the life of the world?'

Connections 5 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (5) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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