Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas al-Inshiqaq الإِنْشِقَاق (The Sundering, Splitting Open) 25 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
إِذَا السَّمَاءُ انشَقَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
When the sky is ripped apart
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (When the heaven is split asunder): '(When the heaven is split asunder) by the clouds because of the descent of the Lord-a descent without any modality-and the angels and whatever Allah wills of His command.

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وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
obeying its Lord as it rightly must
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And attentive) and it obeys and listens (to her Lord in fear) and it befits her to do so,

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وَإِذَا الْأَرْضُ مُدَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
when the earth is levelled out
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And when the earth is spread out) like the spreading out of a flat plain; and it is also said this means: when the earth is removed from its place and then flattened.

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وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا وَتَخَلَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
casts out its contents, and becomes empty
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And hath cast out all that was in her) of corpses and treasures, (and is empty) from all of that

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وَأَذِنَتْ لِرَبِّهَا وَحُقَّتْ
Abdel Haleem
obeying its Lord as it rightly must
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And attentive) and obeys and listens (to her Lord in fear!) and it behoves her do so.

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يَا أَيُّهَا الْإِنسَانُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًا فَمُلَاقِيهِ
Abdel Haleem
you humans, toiling laboriously towards your Lord, will meet Him
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Thou, verily, O man) O disbelieving man, in reference to Abu'l-Aswad Ibn Kildah Ibn Usayd Ibn Khalaf, (art working) He says: you are working something in your state of disbelief and shall return with it (towards thy Lord) in the Hereafter (a work which you will meet (in His presence)) whether your work is righteous or evil.

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فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ
Abdel Haleem
whoever is given his record in his right han
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Then whoso is given his account) the account of his good works (in his right hand) in reference here to Abu Salamah Ibn 'Abd al-Asad

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فَسَوْفَ يُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا
Abdel Haleem
will have an easy reckonin
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(He truly will receive an easy reckoning) this refers to his parade before Allah

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وَيَنقَلِبُ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا
Abdel Haleem
and return to his people well pleased
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And will return) in the Hereafter (unto his folk) whom Allah prepared for him in Paradise (in joy) with them.

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وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ وَرَاءَ ظَهْرِهِ
Abdel Haleem
but whoever is given his record from behind his bac
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(But whoso is given his account) the account of his evil deeds (behind his back) in his left hand, referring here to al-Aswad Ibn 'Abd al-Asad, the brother of Abu Salamah,

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فَسَوْفَ يَدْعُو ثُبُورًا
Abdel Haleem
will cry out for destruction––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(He surely will invoke destruction

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وَيَصْلَىٰ سَعِيرًا
Abdel Haleem
he will burn in the blazing Fire
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And be thrown to scorching fire.

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إِنَّهُ كَانَ فِي أَهْلِهِ مَسْرُورًا
Abdel Haleem
He used to live among his people well pleased
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

He verily lived joyous with his folk) he was happy with his folk,

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إِنَّهُ ظَنَّ أَن لَّن يَحُورَ
Abdel Haleem
He thought he would never return [to his Lord]––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(He verily deemed that he would never return (unto Allah)) in the Hereafter.

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بَلَىٰ إِنَّ رَبَّهُ كَانَ بِهِ بَصِيرًا
Abdel Haleem
indeed he will! His Lord was watching him
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay, but lo! his Lord) when He created him (is ever looking on him!) knew that He will raise him again after death

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فَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالشَّفَقِ
Abdel Haleem
I swear by the glow of sunset
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Oh, I swear by the afterglow of sunset,

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وَاللَّيْلِ وَمَا وَسَقَ
Abdel Haleem
by the night and what it covers
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And by the night and all that it enshroudeth) and I swear by the night and that which returns to its place when the night falls,

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وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا اتَّسَقَ
Abdel Haleem
by the full moon
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And by the moon when she is at the full) for three nights: the nights of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth of the lunar month

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لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَن طَبَقٍ
Abdel Haleem
you will progress from stage to stage
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(That ye shall journey) the whole creation shall be transformed (on from plane to plane) from one state to another; from the time He created them until the time they die, and from the time they die until they enter either Paradise or hell: in all these times Allah transforms them from one state to another; it is also said that this means: you shall journey, O Muhammad, from one heaven to another on the day of the ascent; and it is also said that this means: this denier will go from one state to another, from the time he dies until he enters the Fire.

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فَمَا لَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
Abdel Haleem
So why do they not believe
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(What aileth them) the disbelievers of Mecca; and it is said this refers to the three sons of 'Abd Yalayl al-Thaqafi: Mas'ud, Habib and Rabi'ah, the last two had later on accepted Islam (then, that they believe not) in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an.

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وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقُرْآنُ لَا يَسْجُدُونَ
Abdel Haleem
Why, when the Quran is read to them, do they not prostrate themselves [to God]
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And, when the Qur'an is recited unto them) and when Muhammad (pbuh) recites the Qur'an to them explaining the commands and prohibitions, (worship not (Allah)) do not submit to Allah by believing in Allah's divine Oneness?

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بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُكَذِّبُونَ
Abdel Haleem
No! The disbelievers reject the Quran––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Nay, but those who disbelieve) the disbelievers of Mecca and those among the sons of 'Abd Yalayl who did not believe (will deny) will disbelieve in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an;

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وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يُوعُونَ
Abdel Haleem
God knows best what they keep hidden inside––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And Allah knoweth best what they are hiding) and Allah knows best what they say and do; and it is also said this means: Allah knows best what they hear and hide in their hearts.

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فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
Abdel Haleem
so give them news of a painful torment
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(So give them) so give, O Muhammad, to those who disbelieve in Allah (tidings of a painful doom) whose pain will extend to their hearts on the Day of Badr as well as in the Hereafter,

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إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
Abdel Haleem
But those who believe and do good deeds will have a never-ending reward
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Allah then exempted from these the believers, saying: (Save those who believe) in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (and do good works) and do acts of obedience privately between themselves and their Lord, (for theirs is a reward) in Paradise (unfailing) undiminished and unblemished; it is also said this means: they will not be constantly reminded about the blessings bestowed upon them; and it is also said this means: their good deeds will not be decreased after they reach old age or after they die'.

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