Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas

Attributed to Ibn Abbas — b. -3 AH / 619 CE · d. 68 AH / 687 CE Sunni Companion (Sahabi)

Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas al-Jinn الجِنّ (The Jinn) 28 verses · Meccan

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بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
72:1 ›
۞ قُلۡ أُوحِیَ إِلَیَّ أَنَّهُ ٱسۡتَمَعَ نَفَرࣱ مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ فَقَالُوۤا۟ إِنَّا سَمِعۡنَا قُرۡءَانًا عَجَبࣰا ۝١
Abdel Haleem
Say [Prophet], ‘It has been revealed to me that a group of jinn once listened in and said, “We have heard a wondrous Quran
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And from his narration on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he said regarding the interpretation of Allah's saying (Say (O Muhammad): It is revealed unto me): '(Say (O Muhammad): It is revealed unto me) say, O Muhammad, to the disbelievers of Mecca that Gabriel has come down and informed me (that a company of the jinn) nine of the jinn of Nusaybin which is near Yemen (gave ear, and they said) after accepting faith and returning to their folk: O our folk! (Lo! it is a marvellous Qur'an) we have listened to the recitation of a marvellous, illustrious and noble Qur'an which resembles the Scripture of Moses, this is because they were followers of the Torah,

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72:2 ›
یَهۡدِیۤ إِلَى ٱلرُّشۡدِ فَءَامَنَّا بِهِۦۖ وَلَن نُّشۡرِكَ بِرَبِّنَاۤ أَحَدࣰا ۝٢
Abdel Haleem
that gives guidance to the right path, and we have come to believe it––We shall never set up partners with our Lord––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Which guideth unto righteousness) which guides to the Truth, guidance and right course, i.e. to �there is no deity except Allah�, (so we believe in it) we believe in Muhammad (pbuh) and we believe in the Qur'an (and we ascribe unto our Lord no partner) here meaning the devil.

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72:3 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ تَعَـٰلَىٰ جَدُّ رَبِّنَا مَا ٱتَّخَذَ صَـٰحِبَةࣰ وَلَا وَلَدࣰا ۝٣
Abdel Haleem
and that He––exalted be the glory of our Lord!––has neither spouse nor child
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And (we believe) that He-exalted be the glory of our Lord-) and that the dominion of our Lord is exalted; it is also said this means: the tremendousness, sovereignty, absoluteness and attributes of our Lord are far exalted, and He (hath taken neither wife nor son) as the disbelievers claim,

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72:4 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ یَقُولُ سَفِیهُنَا عَلَى ٱللَّهِ شَطَطࣰا ۝٤
Abdel Haleem
Outrageous things have been said about God by the foolish among us
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And that the foolish one among us) i.e. the devil (used to speak concerning Allah an atrocious lie.

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72:5 ›
وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّاۤ أَن لَّن تَقُولَ ٱلۡإِنسُ وَٱلۡجِنُّ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبࣰا ۝٥
Abdel Haleem
although we had thought that no man or jinn would [dare to] tell a lie about Him
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

And lo! we had supposed that humankind and jinn would not speak a lie concerning Allah) and we thought that what humans and the jinn said about Allah was not a lie, but we know now that it is. From the beginning of the surah up to here, Allah related what the jinn said.

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72:6 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ رِجَالࣱ مِّنَ ٱلۡإِنسِ یَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالࣲ مِّنَ ٱلۡجِنِّ فَزَادُوهُمۡ رَهَقࣰا ۝٦
Abdel Haleem
Men have sought refuge with the jinn in the past, but they only misguided them further
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Allah then said: (And indeed (O Muhammad) individuals of humankind used to invoke the protection of individuals of the jinn so that they increased them) because of that (in revolt (against Allah)) in pride, arrogance, sedition, and corruption. This is because they were afraid of them whenever they travelled, caught a game or camped in a valley. And to avoid their harm they used to say: �we seek refuge in the master of this valley from the foolish ones of his folk� after which they felt safe. As a result, the masters of these places increased in nothing but pride and arrogance towards the communality among their folk. There are three kinds of jinn: one kind flies in the air; another kind ascends and descends wherever they wish; and a third kind resembles dogs and snakes;

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72:7 ›
وَأَنَّهُمۡ ظَنُّوا۟ كَمَا ظَنَنتُمۡ أَن لَّن یَبۡعَثَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدࣰا ۝٧
Abdel Haleem
They thought, as you did, that God would never raise anyone from the dead
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And indeed they) the disbelievers of the jinn before they accepted faith (supposed, even as you suppose) O people of Mecca, (that Allah would not raise anyone (from the dead)) and it is also said that this means: and they supposed just as you did that Allah will not send anyone as a messenger.

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72:8 ›
وَأَنَّا لَمَسۡنَا ٱلسَّمَاۤءَ فَوَجَدۡنَـٰهَا مُلِئَتۡ حَرَسࣰا شَدِیدࣰا وَشُهُبࣰا ۝٨
Abdel Haleem
We tried to reach heaven, but discovered it to be full of stern guards and shooting stars––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Allah then went back to the talk of the jinn, saying: (And (the jinn who had listened to the Qur'an said): We had sought the heaven) before we accepted faith (but had found it filled with strong warders) angels (and meteors) preventing them from listening.

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72:9 ›
وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقۡعُدُ مِنۡهَا مَقَـٰعِدَ لِلسَّمۡعِۖ فَمَن یَسۡتَمِعِ ٱلۡءَانَ یَجِدۡ لَهُۥ شِهَابࣰا رَّصَدࣰا ۝٩
Abdel Haleem
we used to sit in places there, listening, but anyone trying to listen now will find a shooting star lying in wait for him––
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And we used to sit on places (high) therein) in heaven (to listen) before the advent of Muhammad (pbuh). (But he who listened now) after the advent of Muhammad (pbuh) (findeth a flame) a shining star (in wait for him) from the angels in order to prevent them from listening;

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72:10 ›
وَأَنَّا لَا نَدۡرِیۤ أَشَرٌّ أُرِیدَ بِمَن فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَمۡ أَرَادَ بِهِمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ رَشَدࣰا ۝١٠
Abdel Haleem
[so now] we do not know whether those who live on earth are due for misfortune, or whether their Lord intends to guide them
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And we know not whether) in preventing us from listening (harm is boded unto all who are in the earth, or whether their Lord intendeth guidance for them) or whether their Lord intends guidance, goodness and the correct course for them; it is also said that this means: we do not know whether evil is intended for the people of the earth by the advent of Muhammad (pbuh) such that if they do not believe in him they will be destroyed or it is good, guidance and the correct course that their Lord intends for them if they believe in him.

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72:11 ›
وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلصَّـٰلِحُونَ وَمِنَّا دُونَ ذَ ٰلِكَۖ كُنَّا طَرَاۤىِٕقَ قِدَدࣰا ۝١١
Abdel Haleem
Some of us are righteous and others less so: we follow different paths
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And among us there are righteous folk) those who believe in Allah's divine Oneness; these are those who believe in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (and among us there are far from that) and among us there are disbelievers, the disbelieving jinn. (We are sects having different rules) we followed different religions, i.e. Judaism and Christianity, before believing in Allah.

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72:12 ›
وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّاۤ أَن لَّن نُّعۡجِزَ ٱللَّهَ فِی ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَلَن نُّعۡجِزَهُۥ هَرَبࣰا ۝١٢
Abdel Haleem
We know we can never frustrate God on earth; we can never escape Him
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And we know) and are certain (that we cannot escape from Allah in the earth) for He can reach us wherever we might be, (nor can we escape by flight) nor can we escape from Him by running away.

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72:13 ›
وَأَنَّا لَمَّا سَمِعۡنَا ٱلۡهُدَىٰۤ ءَامَنَّا بِهِۦۖ فَمَن یُؤۡمِنۢ بِرَبِّهِۦ فَلَا یَخَافُ بَخۡسࣰا وَلَا رَهَقࣰا ۝١٣
Abdel Haleem
When we heard the guidance we came to believe: whoever believes in his Lord need fear no loss nor injustice
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And when we heard the guidance) and when we heard the recitation of the Qur'an by Muhammad (pbuh) (we believed therein) we believed in the Qur'an and Muhammad (pbuh) (and whoso believeth in his Lord, he feareth neither loss) of all his works (nor oppression) nor decrease of his works.

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72:14 ›
وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلۡمُسۡلِمُونَ وَمِنَّا ٱلۡقَـٰسِطُونَۖ فَمَنۡ أَسۡلَمَ فَأُو۟لَـٰۤىِٕكَ تَحَرَّوۡا۟ رَشَدࣰا ۝١٤
Abdel Haleem
Some of us submit to Him and others go the wrong way: those who submit to God have found wise guidance
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And there are among us some who have surrendered (to Allah)) and there are among us those who are sincere in their belief in Allah's divine Oneness; these are the ones who believed in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an (and there are among us some who are unjust) i.e. disobedient ones who have deviated from the Truth and guidance; and these are the disbelievers among the jinn. (And whoso hath surrendered to Allah) and whoever is sincere in his belief in Allah's divine Oneness, (such have taken the right path purposefully) such have intended goodness and the correct course.

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72:15 ›
وَأَمَّا ٱلۡقَـٰسِطُونَ فَكَانُوا۟ لِجَهَنَّمَ حَطَبࣰا ۝١٥
Abdel Haleem
but those who go wrong will be fuel for Hellfire.” ’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And as for those who are unjust) i.e. the disbelievers, (they are firewood for hell.

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72:16 ›
وَأَلَّوِ ٱسۡتَقَـٰمُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلطَّرِیقَةِ لَأَسۡقَیۡنَـٰهُم مَّاۤءً غَدَقࣰا ۝١٦
Abdel Haleem
If they had taken to the right way, We would have given them abundant water to drink
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

If they (the idolaters) tread the right path) the path of disbelief; and it is said: the path of Islam, (We shall give them to drink of water in abundance) We shall give them abundant wealth and a comfortable life

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72:17 ›
لِّنَفۡتِنَهُمۡ فِیهِۚ وَمَن یُعۡرِضۡ عَن ذِكۡرِ رَبِّهِۦ یَسۡلُكۡهُ عَذَابࣰا صَعَدࣰا ۝١٧
Abdel Haleem
a test for them––but anyone who turns away from his Lord’s Revelation will be sent by Him to spiralling torment
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(That We may test them thereby) in order that they may revert to that which I have ordained for them, (and whoso turneth away from the remembrance of his Lord) and whoever turns away from believing in the divine Oneness and Scripture of his Lord, i.e. the Qur'an-this refers to al-Walid Ibn al-Mughirah al-Makhzumi; (He will thrust him into ever growing torment) climbing a mountain of smooth stones; and it is said this means: climbing a mountain of copper in the Fire.

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72:18 ›
وَأَنَّ ٱلۡمَسَـٰجِدَ لِلَّهِ فَلَا تَدۡعُوا۟ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدࣰا ۝١٨
Abdel Haleem
Places of worship are for God alone- so do not pray to anyone other than God
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And the places of worship are only for Allah) they are built for the remembrance of Allah, (so pray not unto) so worship not (anyone along with Allah) in mosques; it is also said that the places of worship refer to the different parts of a person that touch the ground upon prostrating in prayer: the forehead, the knees, the hands and the feet.

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72:19 ›
وَأَنَّهُۥ لَمَّا قَامَ عَبۡدُ ٱللَّهِ یَدۡعُوهُ كَادُوا۟ یَكُونُونَ عَلَیۡهِ لِبَدࣰا ۝١٩
Abdel Haleem
yet when God’s Servant stood up to pray to Him, they pressed in on him
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(And when the slave of Allah) Muhammad (pbuh) (stood up) in Batn Nakhl (in prayer to Him) to worship Allah through prayer, (they crowded on him, almost stifling) the jinn almost fell on him because of their love of the Qur'an and Muhammad (pbuh) when they heard him recite the Qur'an in Batn Nakhl.

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72:20 ›
قُلۡ إِنَّمَاۤ أَدۡعُوا۟ رَبِّی وَلَاۤ أُشۡرِكُ بِهِۦۤ أَحَدࣰا ۝٢٠
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘I pray to my Lord alone; I set up no partner with Him.’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Say (unto them, O Muhammad): I pray unto Allah only) I worship Allah only and call people to worship none but Him, (and ascribe unto Him no partner.

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72:21 ›
قُلۡ إِنِّی لَاۤ أَمۡلِكُ لَكُمۡ ضَرࣰّا وَلَا رَشَدࣰا ۝٢١
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘I have no control over any harm or good that may befall you.’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Say) O Muhammad, to the people of Mecca: (Lo! I control not hurt) I cannot drive away from you harm, forsakenness or chastisement (nor benefit for you) nor can I give you benefit and guidance.

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72:22 ›
قُلۡ إِنِّی لَن یُجِیرَنِی مِنَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَدࣱ وَلَنۡ أَجِدَ مِن دُونِهِۦ مُلۡتَحَدًا ۝٢٢
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘No one can protect me from God: I have no refuge except in Him
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Say) to them, O Muhammad: (Lo! none can protect me from Allah) from Allah's chastisement if I disobey Him, (nor can I find any refuge beside Him) nor can I find any escape or hiding place from Allah's chastisement if I disobey Him.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:23 ›
إِلَّا بَلَـٰغࣰا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِسَـٰلَـٰتِهِۦۚ وَمَن یَعۡصِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ خَـٰلِدِینَ فِیهَاۤ أَبَدًا ۝٢٣
Abdel Haleem
I only deliver [what I receive] from God- only His messages.’ Whoever disobeys God and His Messenger will have Hell’s Fire as his permanent home
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

((Mine is) but conveyance (of the Truth) from Allah) he says: nothing can save me except conveyance on behalf of Allah, (and His messages; and whoso disobeyeth Allah) regarding Allah's divine Oneness (and His messenger) in his conveyance of the message, (lo! His) in the Hereafter (is fire of hell, wherein such dwell forever) never to die or leave it.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:24 ›
حَتَّىٰۤ إِذَا رَأَوۡا۟ مَا یُوعَدُونَ فَسَیَعۡلَمُونَ مَنۡ أَضۡعَفُ نَاصِرࣰا وَأَقَلُّ عَدَدࣰا ۝٢٤
Abdel Haleem
when they are confronted by what they have been warned about, they will realize who has the weaker protector and the smaller number
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Till (the day)) He says: wait for them until the day (when they shall behold that which they are promised) of chastisement; (but then they will know for certain) this is a threat from Allah to them (who is weaker in allies and less in multitude) who has less helpers.

Connections 2 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (2) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:25 ›
قُلۡ إِنۡ أَدۡرِیۤ أَقَرِیبࣱ مَّا تُوعَدُونَ أَمۡ یَجۡعَلُ لَهُۥ رَبِّیۤ أَمَدًا ۝٢٥
Abdel Haleem
Say, ‘I do not know whether what you have been warned about is near, or whether a distant time has been appointed for it by my Lord.’
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(Say) to them, O Muhammad: (I know not whether that which ye are promised) of chastisement (is nigh, or if my Lord hath set a distant term for it.

Connections 3 single-source 1 commentator

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (3) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:26 ›
عَـٰلِمُ ٱلۡغَیۡبِ فَلَا یُظۡهِرُ عَلَىٰ غَیۡبِهِۦۤ أَحَدًا ۝٢٦
Abdel Haleem
He is the One who knows what is hidden
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(He is) the knower of the Unseen) He knows when the chastisement will happen, (and He revealeth unto none His secret,

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:27 ›
إِلَّا مَنِ ٱرۡتَضَىٰ مِن رَّسُولࣲ فَإِنَّهُۥ یَسۡلُكُ مِنۢ بَیۡنِ یَدَیۡهِ وَمِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦ رَصَدࣰا ۝٢٧
Abdel Haleem
He does not disclose it except to a messenger of His choosing. He sends watchers to go in front and behin
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

Save unto every messenger whom he hath chosen) He reveals to them some instances of the Unseen, (and then He maketh a guard) angels (to go before him) before the messenger (and a guard behind him) to protect him from the jinn, devils and human beings so that they do not hear Gabriel reciting the revelations.

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

72:28 ›
لِّیَعۡلَمَ أَن قَدۡ أَبۡلَغُوا۟ رِسَـٰلَـٰتِ رَبِّهِمۡ وَأَحَاطَ بِمَا لَدَیۡهِمۡ وَأَحۡصَىٰ كُلَّ شَیۡءٍ عَدَدَۢا ۝٢٨
Abdel Haleem
to ensure that each of His messengers delivers his Lord’s message: He knows all about them, and He takes account of everything
Attributed to Ibn Abbas

(That He) that Muhammad (pbuh) (may know that they) i.e. the messengers (have indeed conveyed the messages of their Lord) the angels protected them just as they are protecting you; it is also said that this means: so that the messengers, Muhammad and other messengers, know that the angels have conveyed the message from Allah; and it is also said that this means: so that the jinn and human beings know that the messengers have conveyed the messages of their Lord. (He surroundeth all their doings) He has full knowledge of all the angels that surround them, (and He keepeth count of all things) it is also said that He knows their number just as He knows the state of the one who is wrapped up in his raiment'.

Connections 4 single-source 2 commentators

Multi-source connections

No verses on this ayah are cited by 2 or more commentators using numeric S:A notation. All extracted references come from a single source's commentary.

Single-source mentions (4) cited by only one commentator
By commentator who cites how many verses on this ayah

Note: these connections are extracted from numeric S:A references inside the commentary text and are therefore biased toward mufassirun who use that notation. Prose-style references (e.g. "Surat al-Baqarah verse 30") will be added later, which should surface additional multi-source consensus.

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